Miscarriage, defined as spontaneous pregnancy loss at <20-28 weeks' gestation, is a common clinical problem. Balanced chromosomal rearrangements in either parent are an important cause of repeated pregnancy loss, particularly in the first trimester. In this study, chromosomal abnormalities that cause recurrent miscarriage were evaluated in Omani parents and some of their dysmorphic children. A total of 380 couples (760 individuals) with two or more recurrent miscarriages were examined for chromosomal aberrations during the period 1999-2006. For each proband the chromosomal preparations were analysed and karyotyped after applying a Giemsa-trypsin banding method. The overall incidence of chromosomal anomaly was 26 out of 760 individuals (3.42%). These abnormalities included 21 (2.8%) structural aberrations and 5 (0.7%) numerical anomalies. In addition to these abnormalities, 39 (5.1%) chromosomal variants were also found. The nature of these abnormalities and their relation to obstetric history are discussed. In conclusion, chromosomal abnormality is one of the causes of recurrent miscarriage. This study illustrates the incidence and distribution of chromosomal abnormalities among Omani couples with recurrent miscarriage. Cytogenetic findings could provide valuable information for genetic counselling and allow monitoring of future pregnancies by prenatal diagnosis in couples with a history of recurrent miscarriage.