Background: Brucellosis continues to be an important cause of fever in underdeveloped countries and in the rural areas of developed world. It is a multisystemic disease, associated with a wide variety of symptoms. A wide variety of symptoms, including hematologic abnormalities, such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, dissemine intravascular coagulation, and leucopenia could be seen. The aim of the study is to review the hematologic findings of brucellosis in childhood.
Procedure: In this short study, the records of 146 children with brucellosis were evaluated for hematologic manifestation retrospectively. Among them, 9 patients had pancytopenia and 5 had brucella-induced immune thrombocytopenia and were identified in a 5-year period between June 2004 and July 2009.
Results: Eight of the 9 patients with pancytopenia had Brucella melitensis isolated from blood cultures and/or bone marrow cultures, and all 9 patients had Brucella agglutination titers of at least 1:320. All patients with immune thrombocytopenia blood cultures were positive for Brucella. Except 1 patient the pancytopenia in these patients regressed completely and their peripheral blood counts returned to normal after treatment of Brucella infection. One patient was not responding to the brucella treatment and underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. All patients with brucella-induced immune thrombocytic purpura were symptomatic and had severe thrombocytopenia, they were placed on intravenous gamma globulin for 2 days. Between day 3 and day 5 platelet counts increased in these patients.
Conclusion: Brucellosis should be considered as a possible diagnosis among patients with pancytopenia and immune thrombocytopenic purpura in endemic regions.