The combinatorial use of propofol-fentanyl-ketamine for sedoanalgesia in patients undergoing urological procedures

Saudi Med J. 2021 Jun;42(6):629-635. doi: 10.15537/smj.2021.42.6.20210071.

Abstract

Objectives: To compare sedoanalgesia achieved using propofol-fentanyl-ketamine (PFK) combination with general anesthesia (GA) in terms of safety, hemodynamic stability, and perioperative complications.

Methods: Patients in the GA group were anesthetized using fentanyl (2 μg kg-1) and propofol (2 mg kg-1). The PFK group was anesthetized using a mixture of which each one ml contains 0.005 mg of fentanyl, 5 mg of propofol, 5 mg of ketamine, and 2 mg of lidocaine. Patients received an initial dose of 0.05 ml kg-1, followed by 0.05 mg kg-1 60 seconds later. Maintenance boluses of 0.025 ml kg-1 were administered every 3-5 minutes. Respiration occurred spontaneously through a simple face mask with 3 L min-1 O2.

Results: The GA group had 37 (37%) patients develop hypotensive episodes, compared to one (1%) episode in the PFK group (p<0.001). Five (5%) patients in the PFK group had an episode of transient O2 desaturation, compared to one (1%) patient in the GA group (p=0.212). The duration of induction and termination of anesthesia were significantly shorter in the PFK group (p<0.001).

Conclusion: The PFK combination herein described is safe, effective, and provides intraoperative hemodynamic stability in patients with multiple comorbidities undergoing urological procedures.

Keywords: fentanyl; general anesthesia; ketamine; propofol; urological procedures.

MeSH terms

  • Anesthetics, Intravenous / pharmacology
  • Fentanyl / pharmacology
  • Hemodynamics
  • Humans
  • Ketamine*
  • Propofol* / pharmacology

Substances

  • Anesthetics, Intravenous
  • Ketamine
  • Fentanyl
  • Propofol