Emerging evidence has shown that miRNA-mediated gene expression modulation contributes
to chronic pain, but its functional regulatory mechanism remains unknown. Here, we …

Background The mesolimbic reward system plays a critical role in modulating nociception;
however, its underlying molecular, cellular, and neural circuitry mechanisms remain unknown…

Our recent study demonstrated the critical role of the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) circuit and
its brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) signaling in mediating neuropathic pain. The …

Chronic pain is still a basic science and clinical challenge. Unraveling of the neurobiological
mechanisms involved in chronic pain will offer novel targets for the development of …

Increasing evidence suggests that the mesolimbic reward system plays critical roles in the
regulation of depression and nociception; however, its circuitry and cellular mechanisms …

Background The γ-aminobutyric acid–mediated (GABAergic) inhibitory system in the brain
is critical for regulation of sleep–wake and general anesthesia. The lateral septum contains …

Long-term limb nerve injury often leads to mirror-image pain (MIP), an abnormal pain sensation
in the limb contralateral to the injury. Although it is clear that MIP is mediated in part by …

Background Chronic pain patients often complain of their poor memory. The mechanisms
underlying chronic pain–related memory impairment remain elusive, and there are few clinical …

Robust sex difference among humans regarding psychiatry- and pain-related behaviors is
being researched; however, the use of female mice in preclinical research is relatively rare …

Background Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurones in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN)
of the hypothalamus (PVN CRF neurones) can promote wakefulness and are activated …