Bacteria survive in nature by forming biofilms on surfaces and probably most, if not all,
bacteria (and fungi) are capable of forming biofilms. A biofilm is a structured consortium of …

Formation of biofilm is a survival strategy for bacteria and fungi to adapt to their living
environment, especially in the hostile environment. Under the protection of biofilm, microbial cells …

Direct observation of a wide range of natural microorganisms has revealed the fact that the
majority of microbes persist as surface‐attached communities surrounded by matrix materials…

Emerging infectious diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Zika
virus disease, present a major threat to public health 1, 2, 3. Despite intense research efforts, …

Background: A patient’s infectivity is determined by the presence of the virus in different body
fluids, secretions, and excreta. The persistence and clearance of viral RNA from different …

We study the transition of a quantum system S from a pure state to a mixed one, which is
induced by the quantum criticality of the surrounding system E coupled to it. To characterize this …

Magic-angle (θ= 1.0 5) twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) has shown two seemingly
contradictory characters: the localization and quantum-dot-like behavior in STM experiments, and …

• Background and Aims Transgene escape through gene flow from genetically modified (GM)
crops to their wild relative species may potentially cause environmental biosafety problems…

Cushing's disease, also known as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary
adenomas (PAs) that cause excess cortisol production, accounts for up to 85% of …

… Fan Wu, 1 Su Zhao, # 2 Bin Yu, # 3 Yan-Mei Chen, # 1 Wen Wang, # 4 Zhi-Gang Song, #
1 Yi Hu, # 2 Zhao-Wu Tao, 2 Jun-Hua Tian, 3 Yuan-Yuan Pei, 1 Ming-Li Yuan, 2 Yu-Ling …