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Review ArticleReview Article
Open Access

Meningitis and encephalitis in infants and children

Mohammed M. Jan
Saudi Medical Journal January 2012, 33 (1) 11-16;
Mohammed M. Jan
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80215, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Tel. +966 (2) 6401000 Ext. 20208. Fax. +966 (2) 6403975. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Despite the availability of modern therapies, meningitis and encephalitis remain potentially life-threatening infections in children with mortality rates reaching up to 25%. Treated patients are at a high risk of long term sequelae including epilepsy, learning, and behavioral disorders. The golden rule of early diagnosis and treatment to achieve a good outcome has not yet been challenged by the new, often expensive antibiotics or contemporary critical care. In this article, an updated overview of meningitis and encephalitis in infants and children is presented. It is important to note that routine childhood immunization has significantly decreased the number of serious infections. However, meningitis and encephalitis remain problematic particularly in developing countries where immunization rates are suboptimal. The most common viral etiologies include enteroviruses, herpes simplex virus, and arboviruses. However, the causative virus may not be identified in up to 70% of cases. This is not the case for bacterial infections unless the patient had received prior oral antibiotics. The causative bacterial organisms vary with age, and the less common fungal infections occur mainly in immune compromised patients.

  • Copyright: © Saudi Medical Journal

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial License (CC BY-NC), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Saudi Medical Journal: 33 (1)
Saudi Medical Journal
Vol. 33, Issue 1
1 Jan 2012
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Meningitis and encephalitis in infants and children
Mohammed M. Jan
Saudi Medical Journal Jan 2012, 33 (1) 11-16;

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Mohammed M. Jan
Saudi Medical Journal Jan 2012, 33 (1) 11-16;
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© 2025 Saudi Medical Journal Saudi Medical Journal is copyright under the Berne Convention and the International Copyright Convention.  Saudi Medical Journal is an Open Access journal and articles published are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (CC BY-NC). Readers may copy, distribute, and display the work for non-commercial purposes with the proper citation of the original work. Electronic ISSN 1658-3175. Print ISSN 0379-5284.

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