Gastroesophageal reflux disease in infants. Myths and misconceptions, where is the evidence?

Abstract

Infantile gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a common self-limited, physiological phenomenon. Infantile gastroesophageal reflux becomes pathological (gastroesophageal reflux disease [GERD]) when symptoms become more severe or are associated with complications such as failure to thrive or hematemesis. Though it is a very common condition, there are several misconceptions and myths on GER/GERD diagnosis and management. Inappropriate investigations are frequently requested and unnecessary medications are increasingly prescribed, particularly in infants with symptoms attributed to possible GER/GERD. Several therapeutic interventions are used widely in GERD management, although some evidence is either insufficient or controversial.