Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Latest
    • Archive
    • home
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Reviewers
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
    • Join SMJ
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Office
    • Editorial Board
  • More
    • Advertising
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Folders
    • Help
  • Other Publications
    • NeuroSciences Journal

User menu

  • My alerts
  • Log in

Search

  • Advanced search
Saudi Medical Journal
  • Other Publications
    • NeuroSciences Journal
  • My alerts
  • Log in
Saudi Medical Journal

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Latest
    • Archive
    • home
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Reviewers
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
    • Join SMJ
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Office
    • Editorial Board
  • More
    • Advertising
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Folders
    • Help
  • Follow psmmc on Twitter
  • Visit psmmc on Facebook
  • RSS
Review ArticleReview Article
Open Access

Pemphigus and pregnancy

Analysis and summary of case reports over 49 years

Lin Lin, Xin Zeng and Qianming Chen
Saudi Medical Journal September 2015, 36 (9) 1033-1038; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2015.9.12270
Lin Lin
From the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases (Lin, Zeng, Chen), West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, and the Institute and Hospital of Stomatology (Lin), Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing, China
DDS, MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Xin Zeng
From the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases (Lin, Zeng, Chen), West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, and the Institute and Hospital of Stomatology (Lin), Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing, China
DDS, PhD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Qianming Chen
From the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases (Lin, Zeng, Chen), West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, and the Institute and Hospital of Stomatology (Lin), Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing, China
DDS, PhD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • eLetters
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF
Loading

References

  1. ↵
    1. Kitajima Y,
    2. Aoyama Y
    (2007) A perspective of pemphigus from bedside and laboratory-bench. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 33:57–66.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  2. ↵
    1. Ruocco E,
    2. Wolf R,
    3. Ruocco V,
    4. Brunetti G,
    5. Romano F,
    6. Lo Schiavo A
    (2013) Pemphigus: associations and management guidelines: facts and controversies. Clin Dermatol 31:382–390.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  3. ↵
    1. Joly P,
    2. Gilbert D,
    3. Thomine E,
    4. Zitouni M,
    5. Ghohestani R,
    6. Delpech A,
    7. et al.
    (1997) Identification of a new antibody population directed against a desmosomal plaque antigen in Pemphigus and Pemphigus foliaceus. J Invest Dermatol 108:469–475.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  4. ↵
    1. Hertl M,
    2. Niedermeier A,
    3. Borradori L
    (2010) Autoimmune bullous skin disorders. Ther Umsch 67:465–482, German.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  5. ↵
    1. Firooz A,
    2. Mazhar A,
    3. Ahmed AR
    (1994) Prevalence of autoimmune diseases in the family members of patients with Pemphigus vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol 31(3 Pt 1):434–437.
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
  6. ↵
    1. Becker BA,
    2. Gaspari AA
    (1993) Pemphigus vulgaris and vegetans. Dermatol Clin 11:429–452.
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
  7. ↵
    1. Scott JE,
    2. Ahmed AR
    (1998) The blistering diseases. Med Clin North Am 82:1239–1283.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  8. ↵
    1. Kneisel A,
    2. Hertl M
    (2011) Autoimmune bullous skin diseases. Part 1: Clinical manifestations. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 9:844–856, German.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  9. ↵
    1. Torgerson RR,
    2. Marnach ML,
    3. Bruce AJ,
    4. Rogers RS 3rd.
    (2006) Oral and vulvar changes in pregnancy. Clin Dermatol 24:122–132.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  10. ↵
    1. Renner R,
    2. Sticherling M
    (2010) Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune mediated dermatoses during pregnancy. Course and prognosis for mother and child. Hautarzt 61:1021–1026, German.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  11. ↵
    1. Langan SM,
    2. Smeeth L,
    3. Hubbard R,
    4. Fleming KM,
    5. Smith CJ,
    6. West J
    (2008) Bullous pemphigoid and Pemphigus vulgaris. Incidence and mortality in the UK: population based cohort study. BMJ 337:a180.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Simon DG,
    2. Krutchkoff D,
    3. Kaslow RA,
    4. Zarbo R
    (1980) Pemphigus in Hartford County, Connecticut, from 1972 to 1977. Arch Dermatol 116:1035–1037.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  12. ↵
    1. Bialynicki-Birula R,
    2. Dmochowski M,
    3. Maj J,
    4. Gornowicz-Porowska J
    (2011) Pregnancy-triggered maternal pemphigus vulgaris with persistent gingival lesions. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 19:170–175.
    OpenUrl
  13. ↵
    1. Fainaru O,
    2. Mashiach R,
    3. Kupferminc M,
    4. Shenhav M,
    5. Pauzner D,
    6. Lessing JB
    (2000) Pemphigus vulgaris in pregnancy: a case report and review of literature. Hum Reprod 15:1195–1197.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  14. ↵
    1. Kalayciyan A,
    2. Engin B,
    3. Serdaroglu S,
    4. Mat C,
    5. Aydemir EH,
    6. Kotogyan A
    (2002) A retrospective analysis of patients with pemphigus vulgaris associated with pregnancy. Br J Dermatol 147:396–397.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Terpstra H,
    2. de Jong MC,
    3. Klokke AH
    (2002) In vivo bound pemphigus antibodies in a stillborn infant. Passive intrauterine transfer of pemphigus vulgaris? Br J Dermatol 147:396–397.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  15. ↵
    1. Campo-Voegeli A,
    2. Muñiz F,
    3. Mascaró JM,
    4. García F,
    5. Casals M,
    6. Arimany JL,
    7. et al.
    (2002) Neonatal pemphigus vulgaris with extensive mucocutaneous lesions from a mother with oral pemphigus vulgaris. Br J Dermatol 147:801–805.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  16. ↵
    1. Storer JS,
    2. Galen WK,
    3. Nesbitt LT Jr.,
    4. DeLeo VA
    (1982) Neonatal pemphigus vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol 6:929–932.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  17. ↵
    1. Ruach M,
    2. Ohel G,
    3. Rahav D,
    4. Samueloff A
    (1995) Pemphigus vulgaris and pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Surv 50:755–760.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  18. ↵
    1. Kanwar AJ,
    2. Thami GP
    (1999) Pemphigus vulgaris and pregnancy--a reappraisal. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 39:372–373.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  19. ↵
    1. Shieh S,
    2. Fang YV,
    3. Becker JL,
    4. Holm A,
    5. Beutner EH,
    6. Helm TN
    (2004) Pemphigus, pregnancy, and plasmapheresis. Cutis 73:327–329.
    OpenUrl
    1. Lopez-Jornet P,
    2. Bermejo-Fenoll A
    (2005) Gingival lesions as a first symptom of pemphigus vulgaris in pregnancy. Br Dent J 199:91–92.
    OpenUrlPubMed
    1. Bonifazi E,
    2. Milioto M,
    3. Trashlieva V,
    4. Ferrante MR,
    5. Mazzotta F,
    6. Coviello C
    (2006) Neonatal pemphigus vulgaris passively transmitted from a clinically asymptomatic mother. J Am Acad Dermatol 55(5 Suppl):S113–S114.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Muhammad JK,
    2. Lewis MA,
    3. Crean SJ
    (2002) Oral pemphigus vulgaris occurring during pregnancy. J Oral Pathol Med 31:121–124.
    OpenUrlPubMed
    1. Hern S,
    2. Vaughan Jones SA,
    3. Setterfield J,
    4. Du Peloux Menag H,
    5. Greaves MW,
    6. Rowlatt R,
    7. et al.
    (1998) Pemphigus vulgaris in pregnancy with favourable foetal prognosis. Clin Exp Dermatol 23:260–263.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Bialynicki-Birula R,
    2. Dmochowski M,
    3. Maj J,
    4. Gornowicz-Porowska J
    (2011) Pregnancy-triggered maternal Pemphigus vulgaris with persistent gingival lesions. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 19:170–175.
    OpenUrl
    1. Okubo S,
    2. Sato-Matsumura KC,
    3. Abe R,
    4. Aoyagi S,
    5. Akiyama M,
    6. Yokota K,
    7. Shimizu H
    (2003) The use of ELISA to detect desmoglein antibodies in a pregnant woman and fetus. Arch Dermatol 139:1217–1218.
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Galarza C1,
    2. Gutiérrez EL,
    3. Ramos W,
    4. Tello M,
    5. Ronceros G,
    6. Alvizuri S,
    7. et al.
    (2009) Endemic Pemphigus foliaceus in a pregnant woman. Report of one case. Rev Med Chil 137:1205–1208, Spanish.
    OpenUrlPubMed
    1. Moncada B,
    2. Kettelsen S,
    3. Hernandez-Moctezuma JL,
    4. Ramirez F
    (1982) Neonatal Pemphigus vulgaris: role of passively transferred pemphigus antibodies. Br J Dermatol 106:465–467.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Kaufman AJ,
    2. Ahmed AR,
    3. Kaplan RP
    (1988) Pemphigus, myasthenia gravis, and pregnancy. J Am Acad Dermatol 19(2 Pt 2):414–418.
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
  20. ↵
    1. Bergman R,
    2. Sujov P,
    3. Peled M,
    4. Diaz L,
    5. Etzioni A
    (1999) Primary persistent autoimmune disorder in a neonate. Lancet 353:124.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  21. ↵
    1. Goldberg NS,
    2. DeFeo C,
    3. Kirshenbaum N
    (1993) Pemphigus vulgaris and pregnancy: risk factors and recommendations. J Am Acad Dermatol 28(5 Pt 2):877–879.
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
  22. ↵
    1. Okano M,
    2. Takijiri C,
    3. Aoki T,
    4. Wada Y,
    5. Hayashi A,
    6. Fuke Y,
    7. et al.
    (1990) Pemphigus vulgaris associated with pregnancy. A case report from Japan. Acta Derm Venereol 70:517–519.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  23. ↵
    1. Merlob P,
    2. Metzker A,
    3. Hazaz B,
    4. Rogovin H,
    5. Reisner SH
    (1986) Neonatal Pemphigus vulgaris. Pediatrics 78:1102–1105.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  24. ↵
    1. Chowdhury MM,
    2. Natarajan S
    (1998) Neonatal Pemphigus vulgaris associated with mild oral Pemphigus vulgaris in the mother during pregnancy. Br J Dermatol 139:500–503.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  25. ↵
    1. Hup JM,
    2. Bruinsma RA,
    3. Boersma ER,
    4. de Jong MC
    (1986) Neonatal Pemphigus vulgaris: transplacental transmission of antibodies. Pediatr Dermatol 3:468–472.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Piontek JO,
    2. Borberg H,
    3. Sollberg S,
    4. Krieg T,
    5. Hunzelmann N
    (2000) Severe exacerbation of Pemphigus vulgaris in pregnancy: successful treatment with plasma exchange. Br J Dermatol 143:455–456.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  26. ↵
    1. Lehman JS,
    2. Mueller KK,
    3. Schraith DF
    (2008) Do safe and effective treatment options exist for patients with active Pemphigus vulgaris who plan conception and pregnancy? Arch Dermatol 144:783–785.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  27. ↵
    1. Wasserstrum N,
    2. Laros RK Jr.
    (1983) Transplacental transmission of pemphigus. JAMA 249:1480–1482.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  28. ↵
    1. Gushi M,
    2. Yamamoto Y,
    3. Mine Y,
    4. Awazawa R,
    5. Nonaka K,
    6. Taira K,
    7. et al.
    (2008) Neonatal Pemphigus vulgaris. The Journal of Dermatology 35:529–535.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Iftikhar N,
    2. Ejaz A,
    3. Butt UA,
    4. Ali S
    (2009) Aplasia cutis congenita associated with azathioprine. J Pak Med Assoc 59:782–784.
    OpenUrlPubMed
    1. Eyre RW,
    2. Stanley JR
    (1988) Maternal Pemphigus foliaceus with cell surface antibody bound in neonatal epidermis. Arch Dermatol 124:25–27.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Hirsch R,
    2. Anderson J,
    3. Weinberg JM,
    4. Burnstein P,
    5. Echt A,
    6. Fermin J,
    7. et al.
    (2003) Neonatal Pemphigus foliaceus. J Am Acad Dermatol 49(2 Suppl):S187–S189.
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Lorente LAI,
    2. Bernabeu-Wittel J,
    3. Dominguez-Cruz J,
    4. Conejo-Mir J
    (2012) Neonatal Pemphigus foliaceus. J Pediatr 161:768.
    OpenUrlPubMed
    1. Walker DC,
    2. Kolar KA,
    3. Hebert AA,
    4. Jordon RE
    (1995) Neonatal Pemphigus foliaceus. Arch Dermatol 131:1308–1311.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Parlowsky T,
    2. Welzel J,
    3. Amagai M,
    4. Zillikens D,
    5. Wygold T
    (2003) Neonatal Pemphigus vulgaris: IgG4 autoantibodies to desmoglein 3 induce skin blisters in newborns. J Am Acad Dermatol 48:623–625.
    OpenUrlPubMed
    1. Fenniche S,
    2. Benmously R,
    3. Marrak H,
    4. Dhaoui A,
    5. Ammar FB,
    6. Mokhtar I
    (2006) Neonatal Pemphigus vulgaris in an infant born to a mother with Pemphigus vulgaris in remission. Pediatr Dermatol 23:124–127.
    OpenUrlPubMed
    1. Daniel Y,
    2. Shenhav M,
    3. Botchan A,
    4. Peyser MR,
    5. Lessing JB
    (1995) Pregnancy associated with pemphigus. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 102:667–669.
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Abouleish EI,
    2. Elias MA,
    3. Lopez M,
    4. Hebert AA
    (1997) Spinal anesthesia for cesarean section in a case of Pemphigus foliaceus. Anesth Analg 84:449–450.
    OpenUrlPubMed
    1. Avalos-Díaz E,
    2. Olague-Marchan M,
    3. López-Swiderski A,
    4. Herrera-Esparza R,
    5. Díaz LA
    (2000) Transplacental passage of maternal Pemphigus foliaceus autoantibodies induces neonatal pemphigus. J Am Acad Dermatol 43:1130–1134.
    OpenUrlPubMed
    1. Ugajin T,
    2. Yahara H,
    3. Moriyama Y,
    4. Sato T,
    5. Nishioka K,
    6. Yokozeki H
    (2007) Two siblings with neonatal Pemphigus vulgaris associated with mild maternal disease. Br J Dermatol 157:192–194.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  29. ↵
    1. Driscoll AM
    (1969) Urinary oestriol excretion in pregnant patient given large doses of prednisone. Br Med J 1:556–557.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  30. ↵
    1. Parker VJ,
    2. Douglas AJ
    (2010) Stress in early pregnancy: maternal neuro-endocrine-immune responses and effects. J Reprod Immunol 85:86–92.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  31. ↵
    1. Schmutz JL
    (2003) Dermatological diseases influenced by pregnancy. Presse Med 32:1809–1812, French.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  32. ↵
    1. Kaplan RP,
    2. Callen JP
    (1983) Pemphigus associated diseases and induced pemphigus. Clin Dermatol 1:42–71.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  33. ↵
    1. Kardos M,
    2. Levine D,
    3. Gurcan HM,
    4. Ahmed RA
    (2009) Pemphigus vulgaris in pregnancy: analysis of current data on the management and outcomes. Obstet Gynecol Surv 64:739–749.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  34. ↵
    1. Shahir AK,
    2. Briggs N,
    3. Katsoulis J,
    4. Levidiotis V
    (2013) An observational outcomes study from 1966-2008, examining pregnancy and neonatal outcomes from dialysed women using data from the ANZDATA Registry. Nephrology (Carlton) 18:276–284.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  35. ↵
    1. Meurer M
    (2009) Pemphigus diseases in children and adolescents. Hautarzt 60:208–216, German.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  36. ↵
    1. Bjarnason B,
    2. Flosadottir E
    (1999) Childhood, neonatal, and stillborn Pemphigus vulgaris. Int J Dermatol 38:680–688.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  37. ↵
    1. Hilario-Vargas J,
    2. Vitorio IB,
    3. Stamey C,
    4. Culton DA,
    5. Prisayanh P,
    6. Rivitti EA,
    7. et al.
    (2014) Analysis of Anti-desmoglein 1 Autoantibodies in 68 Healthy Mother/Neonate Pairs from a Highly Endemic Region of Fogo Selvagem in Brazil. J Clin Exp Dermatol Res 5:pii: 209.
  38. ↵
    1. Rocha-Alvarez R,
    2. Friedman H,
    3. Campbell IT,
    4. Souza-Aguiar L,
    5. Martins-Castro R,
    6. Diaz LA
    (1992) Pregnant women with endemic Pemphigus foliaceus (Fogo Selvagem) give birth to disease-free babies. J Invest Dermatol 99:78–82.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  39. ↵
    1. Malek A,
    2. Sager R,
    3. Zakher A,
    4. Schneider H
    (1995) Transport of immunoglobulin G and its subclasses across the in vitro-perfused human placenta. Am J Obstet Gynecol 173(3 Pt 1):760–767.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Malek A
    (2003) Ex vivo human placenta models: transport of immunoglobulin G and its subclasses. Vaccine 21:3362–3364.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Aplin JD,
    2. Jones CJ,
    3. Harris LK
    (2009) Adhesion molecules in human trophoblast - a review. I. Villous trophoblast. Placenta 30:293–298.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  40. ↵
    1. Harris LK,
    2. Jones CJ,
    3. Aplin JD
    (2009) Adhesion molecules in human trophoblast - a review. II. Extravillous trophoblast. Placenta 30:299–304.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  41. ↵
    1. Daneshpazhooh M,
    2. Chams-Davatchi C,
    3. Valikhani M,
    4. Aghabagheri A,
    5. Mortazavizadeh SM,
    6. Barzegari M,
    7. et al.
    (2011) Pemphigus and pregnancy: a 23-year experience. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 77:534.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  42. ↵
    1. Ross MG,
    2. Kane B,
    3. Frieder R,
    4. Gurevitch A,
    5. Hayashi R
    (1986) Pemphigus in pregnancy: a reevaluation of fetal risk. Am J Obstet Gynecol 155:30–33.
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
  43. ↵
    1. Braunstein I,
    2. Werth V
    (2013) Treatment of dermatologic connective tissue disease and autoimmune blistering disorders in pregnancy. Dermatol Ther 26:354–363.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  44. ↵
    1. Mimouni D,
    2. Nousari CH,
    3. Cummins DL,
    4. Kouba DJ,
    5. David M,
    6. Anhalt GJ
    (2003) Differences and similarities among expert opinions on the diagnosis and treatment of Pemphigus vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol 49:1059–1062.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  45. ↵
    1. Ramsey-Goldman R,
    2. Schilling E
    (1997) Immunosuppressive drug use during pregnancy. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 23:149–167.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  46. ↵
    1. Ostensen M,
    2. Ramsey-Goldman R
    (1998) Treatment of inflammatory rheumatic disorders in pregnancy: what are the safest treatment options? Drug Saf 19:389–410.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  47. ↵
    1. Armenti VT,
    2. Moritz MJ,
    3. Davison JM
    (1998) Drug safety issues in pregnancy following transplantation and immunosuppression: effects and outcomes. Drug Saf 19:219–232.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  48. ↵
    1. Connell W,
    2. Miller A
    (1999) Treating inflammatory bowel disease during pregnancy: risks and safety of drug therapy. Drug Saf 21:311–323.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  49. ↵
    1. Vaughan Jones SA,
    2. Hern S,
    3. Nelson-Piercy C,
    4. Seed PT,
    5. Black MM
    (1999) A prospective study of 200 women with dermatoses of pregnancy correlating clinical findings with hormonal and immunopathological profiles. Br J Dermatol 141:71–81.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  50. ↵
    1. Ahmed AR,
    2. Gurcan HM
    (2011) Use of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy during pregnancy in patients with Pemphigus vulgaris. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 25:1073–1079.
    OpenUrlPubMed
    1. Sher G1,
    2. Zouves C,
    3. Feinman M,
    4. Maassarani G,
    5. Matzner W,
    6. Chong P,
    7. et al.
    (1998) A rational basis for the use of combined heparin/aspirin and IVIG immunotherapy in the treatment of recurrent IVF failure associated with antiphospholipid antibodies. Am J Reprod Immunol 39:391–394.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  51. ↵
    1. Gurcan HM,
    2. Jeph S,
    3. Ahmed AR
    (2010) Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in autoimmune mucocutaneous blistering diseases: a review of the evidence for its efficacy and safety. Am J Clin Dermatol 11:315–326.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  52. ↵
    1. Jolles S
    (2001) A review of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (hdIVIg) in the treatment of the autoimmune blistering disorders. Clin Exp Dermatol 26:127–1231.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

Saudi Medical Journal: 36 (9)
Saudi Medical Journal
Vol. 36, Issue 9
1 Sep 2015
  • Table of Contents
  • Cover (PDF)
  • Index by author
Print
Download PDF
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Saudi Medical Journal.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Pemphigus and pregnancy
(Your Name) has sent you a message from Saudi Medical Journal
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the Saudi Medical Journal web site.
Citation Tools
Pemphigus and pregnancy
Lin Lin, Xin Zeng, Qianming Chen
Saudi Medical Journal Sep 2015, 36 (9) 1033-1038; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2015.9.12270

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
Pemphigus and pregnancy
Lin Lin, Xin Zeng, Qianming Chen
Saudi Medical Journal Sep 2015, 36 (9) 1033-1038; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2015.9.12270
Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One
Bookmark this article

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Footnotes
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • eLetters
  • References
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • PubMed
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • Neonatal pemphigus vulgaris
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • Harnessing artificial intelligence for infection control and prevention in hospitals
  • Effects of antidiabetic drugs on the level of serum uric acid in patients who have type 2 diabetes
  • The future of personalized medicine in Saudi Arabia
Show more Review Article

Similar Articles

CONTENT

  • home

JOURNAL

  • home

AUTHORS

  • home
Saudi Medical Journal

© 2025 Saudi Medical Journal Saudi Medical Journal is copyright under the Berne Convention and the International Copyright Convention.  Saudi Medical Journal is an Open Access journal and articles published are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (CC BY-NC). Readers may copy, distribute, and display the work for non-commercial purposes with the proper citation of the original work. Electronic ISSN 1658-3175. Print ISSN 0379-5284.

Powered by HighWire