Depression and anxiety among hypertensive and diabetic primary health care patients: Could patients’ perception of their diseases control be used as a screening tool?

Abdullah D. AlKhathami; Mohamed A. Alamin; Areej M. Alqahtani; Wafaa Y. Alsaeed; Mohammed A. AlKhathami; Abdulazeez H. Al-Dhafeeri

doi:10.15537/smj.2017.6.17941

References

↵
1. World Health Organization World Organization of Family Doctors
Integrating mental health into primary care, a global perspective, Available from: http://www.who.int/mental_health/resources/mentalhealth_PHC_2008.pdf. Updated 2008; Accessed 2016 April 23.
↵
1. Al-Qadhi W,
2. Rahman S,
3. Ferwana M,
4. Abdulmajeed I
(2014) Adult depression screening in Saudi primary care: prevalence, instrument and cost. BMC Psychiatry 14:190.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed
↵
1. World Health Organization
(2016) Global report on Diabetes (World Health Organization, Geneva (SZ)) Available from; http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204871/1/9789241565257_eng.pdf. Updated 2016; Accessed 2017 February 20.
↵
1. Bahijri SM,
2. Jambi HA,
3. Al Raddadi RM,
4. Ferns G,
5. Tuomilehto J
(2016) The prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in the adult population of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A community-based survey. PLoS One 11:e0152559.
OpenUrl
↵
1. El Bcheraoui CE,
2. Memish ZA,
3. Tuffaha M,
4. Daoud F,
5. Robinson M,
6. Jaber S,
7. et al.
(2014) Hypertension and its associated risk factors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2013: A national survey. Int J Hypertens 2014:564679.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Neha T,
2. Mrinmoy A,
3. Susmita C,
4. Suresh Kumar K
(2015) Prevalence of common mental disorders among patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension in an urban east Delhi slum - A cross sectional study. J Physiol 1:27–31.
OpenUrl
↵
1. El Mahalli AA
(2015) Prevalence and predictors of depression among type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients in eastern province, Saudi Arabia. Int J Health Sci 9:119–126.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Al-Lugmani EB
(2014) Depression among hypertensive patients at Al-Hejrah PHC Center Makkah Al-Mukarramah. Int J Mater Sci 1:469–488.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Russ TC,
2. Stamatakis E,
3. Hamer M,
4. John M,
5. Kivimäki M,
6. Batty GD
(2012) Association between psychological distress and mortality: individual participant pooled analysis of 10 prospective cohort studies. BMJ 345:e4933.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text
↵
1. Adamis D,
2. Ball C
(2000) Physical morbidity in elderly psychiatric inpatients: prevalence and possible relations between the major mental disorders and physical illness. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 15:248–253.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed Web of Science
↵
1. Skinner Ellen A,
2. Wellborn J,
3. Connell J
(1990) “What it takes to do well in school and whether I’ve got it: A process model of perceived control and children’s engagement and achievement in school.” J Educ Psychol 82:22–32.
OpenUrl CrossRef Web of Science
↵
1. Zielazny P,
2. Krzysztof K,
3. Ewa J,
4. Iwona D,
5. Marzena Z,
6. Ewa B
Selected psychological aspects in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Polish studies: The degree of acceptance and the perception of the disease. Psychiatr Pol 24(2):76–85.
↵
1. Kroenke K,
2. Spitzer RL,
3. Williams JB
(2001) The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med 16:606–613.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed Web of Science
↵
1. Spitzer RL,
2. Kroenke K,
3. Williams JBW,
4. Lowe B
(2006) A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder. Arch Inern Med 166:1092–1097.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Grundy SM,
2. Brewer HB Jr.,
3. Cleeman JI,
4. Smith SC,
5. Lenfant C,
6. American Heart Association
(2004) “Definition of metabolic syndrome. Circulation 109:433–438.
OpenUrl FREE Full Text
↵
1. Chackrewarthy S
1. Suastika K,
2. Dwipayana P,
3. Semadi MS,
4. Kuswardhani RA
(2012) in Glucose Tolerance, Age is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, ed Chackrewarthy S (InTech, Croatia), pp 67–80.
↵
1. Milne BJ,
2. Caspi A,
3. Harrington H,
4. Poulton R,
5. Rutter M,
6. Moffitt TE
(2009) Predictive value of family history on severity of illness. The case for depression, anxiety, alcohol dependence, and drug dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 66:738–747.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed Web of Science
↵
1. Mokdad AH,
2. Tuffaha M,
3. Hanlon M,
4. El Bcheraoui C,
5. Daoud F,
6. Al Saeedi M,
7. et al.
(2015) Cost of diabetes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2014. J Diabetes Metab 6:1–6.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Bcheraoui C,
2. Memish Z,
3. Tuffaha M,
4. Daoud F,
5. Robinson M,
6. Jaberet M,
7. et al.
(2014) Hypertension and its associated risk factors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2013: A National Survey. Int J Hypertens 2014:564679.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Al-Hazzaa HM
(2004) Prevalence of physical inactivity in Saudi Arabia: a brief review. East Mediterr Health J 10:663–670.
OpenUrl PubMed
↵
1. Al-Nozha M,
2. Al-Khadra A,
3. Arafah MR,
4. Al-Maatouq MA,
5. Khalil MZ,
6. Khan NB,
7. et al.
(2005) Metabolic syndrome in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 26:1918–1925.
OpenUrl PubMed Web of Science
↵
1. Al-Khathami AD,
2. Al-Harbi LS,
3. AlSalehi SM,
4. Al-Turki KA,
5. AlZahrani MA,
6. Alotaibi NA,
7. et al.
(2013) A primary mental health program in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia 2003-2013. J Ment Health 10:203–210.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Zarate CT,
2. Rojop IJ,
3. Jimenez YP,
4. Jiménez MA,
5. Vázquez S,
6. Ocaña DB,
7. et al.
(2012) Prevalence of anxiety and depression among outpatients with type 2 diabetes in the Mexican population. PLoS ONE 7:e36887.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed
↵
1. Collins MM,
2. Corcorant P,
3. Perry IJ
(2009) Anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with diabetes. Diabet Med 26:153–161.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed
↵
1. Khuwaja AK,
2. Lalani S,
3. Dhanani R,
4. Azam IS,
5. Rafique G,
6. White F
(2010) Anxiety and depression among outpatients with type 2 diabetes: A multi-centre study of prevalence and associated factors. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2:72.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed
↵
1. Khuwaja AK,
2. Qureshi R,
3. Azam SI
(2004) Prevalence and factors associated with anxiety and depression among family practitioners in Karachi, Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc 54:45–49.
OpenUrl PubMed
↵
1. Keita GP
(2007) Psychosocial and cultural contributions to depression in women: considerations for women midlife and beyond. J Manag Care Pharm 13:S12–S15.
OpenUrl PubMed
↵
1. Zhao W,
2. Chen Y,
3. Lin M,
4. Sigal RJ
(2006) Association between diabetes and depression: Sex and age differences. Public Health 120:696–704.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed Web of Science
↵
1. Habtewold TD,
2. Mulugeta S,
3. Gebreegziabhere Y
(2015) Associated factors of depression among type 2 diabetic outpatients in Black Lion General Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Austin J Endocrinol Diabetes 2:id1032.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Roupa Z,
2. Koulouri A,
3. Sotiropoulou P,
4. Makrinika E,
5. Marneras X,
6. Lahana I,
7. et al.
(2009) Anxiety and depression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, depending on sex and body mass index. Health Science Journal 3:32–40.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Koyanagi A,
2. Garin N,
3. Olaya B,
4. Ayuso-Mateos JL,
5. Chatterji S,
6. Leonardi M,
7. et al.
(2015) Chronic conditions and sleep problems among adults aged 50 years or over in nine countries: A multi-country study. PLoS One 10:e0138261.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Ströhle A
(2009) Physical activity, exercise, depression and anxiety disorders. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 116:777.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Kaur G,
2. Tee GH,
3. Ariaratnam S,
4. Krishnapillai AS,
5. China K
(2013) Depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among diabetics in Malaysia: a cross sectional study in an urban primary care setting. BMC Fam Pract 14:69.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Zelman DC,
2. Brandenburg NA,
3. Gore M
(2006) Sleep impairment in patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Clin J Pain 22:681–685.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed Web of Science
↵
1. Dekker RL,
2. Peden AR,
3. Lennie TA,
4. Schooler MP,
5. Moser DK
(2009) Living with depressive symptoms: patients with heart failure. Am J Crit Care 18:310–318.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text
↵
1. DeJean D,
2. Giacomini M,
3. Vanstone M,
4. Brundisini F
(2013) Patient experiences of depression and anxiety with chronic disease: A systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis. Ont Health Technol Assess Ser 13:1–133.
OpenUrl PubMed

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An innovative 5-Step Patient Interview approach for integrating mental healthcare into primary care centre services: a validation study

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Show more Original Article

[1] ↵
World Health Organization World Organization of Family Doctors
Integrating mental health into primary care, a global perspective, Available from: http://www.who.int/mental_health/resources/mentalhealth_PHC_2008.pdf. Updated 2008; Accessed 2016 April 23.

[2] World Health Organization World Organization of Family Doctors

[3] ↵
Al-Qadhi W,
Rahman S,
Ferwana M,
Abdulmajeed I
(2014) Adult depression screening in Saudi primary care: prevalence, instrument and cost. BMC Psychiatry 14:190.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[4] Al-Qadhi W,

[5] Rahman S,

[6] Ferwana M,

[7] Abdulmajeed I

[8] ↵
World Health Organization
(2016) Global report on Diabetes (World Health Organization, Geneva (SZ)) Available from; http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204871/1/9789241565257_eng.pdf. Updated 2016; Accessed 2017 February 20.

[9] World Health Organization

[10] ↵
Bahijri SM,
Jambi HA,
Al Raddadi RM,
Ferns G,
Tuomilehto J
(2016) The prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in the adult population of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A community-based survey. PLoS One 11:e0152559.
OpenUrl

[11] Bahijri SM,

[12] Jambi HA,

[13] Al Raddadi RM,

[14] Ferns G,

[15] Tuomilehto J

[16] ↵
El Bcheraoui CE,
Memish ZA,
Tuffaha M,
Daoud F,
Robinson M,
Jaber S,
et al.
(2014) Hypertension and its associated risk factors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2013: A national survey. Int J Hypertens 2014:564679.
OpenUrl

[17] El Bcheraoui CE,

[18] Memish ZA,

[19] Tuffaha M,

[20] Daoud F,

[21] Robinson M,

[22] Jaber S,

[23] et al.

[24] ↵
Neha T,
Mrinmoy A,
Susmita C,
Suresh Kumar K
(2015) Prevalence of common mental disorders among patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension in an urban east Delhi slum - A cross sectional study. J Physiol 1:27–31.
OpenUrl

[25] Neha T,

[26] Mrinmoy A,

[27] Susmita C,

[28] Suresh Kumar K

[29] ↵
El Mahalli AA
(2015) Prevalence and predictors of depression among type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients in eastern province, Saudi Arabia. Int J Health Sci 9:119–126.
OpenUrl

[30] El Mahalli AA

[31] ↵
Al-Lugmani EB
(2014) Depression among hypertensive patients at Al-Hejrah PHC Center Makkah Al-Mukarramah. Int J Mater Sci 1:469–488.
OpenUrl

[32] Al-Lugmani EB

[33] ↵
Russ TC,
Stamatakis E,
Hamer M,
John M,
Kivimäki M,
Batty GD
(2012) Association between psychological distress and mortality: individual participant pooled analysis of 10 prospective cohort studies. BMJ 345:e4933.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[34] Russ TC,

[35] Stamatakis E,

[36] Hamer M,

[37] John M,

[38] Kivimäki M,

[39] Batty GD

[40] ↵
Adamis D,
Ball C
(2000) Physical morbidity in elderly psychiatric inpatients: prevalence and possible relations between the major mental disorders and physical illness. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 15:248–253.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed Web of Science

[41] Adamis D,

[42] Ball C

[43] ↵
Skinner Ellen A,
Wellborn J,
Connell J
(1990) “What it takes to do well in school and whether I’ve got it: A process model of perceived control and children’s engagement and achievement in school.” J Educ Psychol 82:22–32.
OpenUrl CrossRef Web of Science

[44] Skinner Ellen A,

[45] Wellborn J,

[46] Connell J

[47] ↵
Zielazny P,
Krzysztof K,
Ewa J,
Iwona D,
Marzena Z,
Ewa B
Selected psychological aspects in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Polish studies: The degree of acceptance and the perception of the disease. Psychiatr Pol 24(2):76–85.

[48] Zielazny P,

[49] Krzysztof K,

[50] Ewa J,

[51] Iwona D,

[52] Marzena Z,

[53] Ewa B

[54] ↵
Kroenke K,
Spitzer RL,
Williams JB
(2001) The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med 16:606–613.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed Web of Science

[55] Kroenke K,

[56] Spitzer RL,

[57] Williams JB

[58] ↵
Spitzer RL,
Kroenke K,
Williams JBW,
Lowe B
(2006) A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder. Arch Inern Med 166:1092–1097.
OpenUrl

[59] Spitzer RL,

[60] Kroenke K,

[61] Williams JBW,

[62] Lowe B

[63] ↵
Grundy SM,
Brewer HB Jr.,
Cleeman JI,
Smith SC,
Lenfant C,
American Heart Association
(2004) “Definition of metabolic syndrome. Circulation 109:433–438.
OpenUrl FREE Full Text

[64] Grundy SM,

[65] Brewer HB Jr.,

[66] Cleeman JI,

[67] Smith SC,

[68] Lenfant C,

[69] American Heart Association

[70] ↵
Chackrewarthy S
Suastika K,
Dwipayana P,
Semadi MS,
Kuswardhani RA
(2012) in Glucose Tolerance, Age is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, ed Chackrewarthy S (InTech, Croatia), pp 67–80.

[71] Chackrewarthy S

[72] Suastika K,

[73] Dwipayana P,

[74] Semadi MS,

[75] Kuswardhani RA

[76] ↵
Milne BJ,
Caspi A,
Harrington H,
Poulton R,
Rutter M,
Moffitt TE
(2009) Predictive value of family history on severity of illness. The case for depression, anxiety, alcohol dependence, and drug dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 66:738–747.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed Web of Science

[77] Milne BJ,

[78] Caspi A,

[79] Harrington H,

[80] Poulton R,

[81] Rutter M,

[82] Moffitt TE

[83] ↵
Mokdad AH,
Tuffaha M,
Hanlon M,
El Bcheraoui C,
Daoud F,
Al Saeedi M,
et al.
(2015) Cost of diabetes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2014. J Diabetes Metab 6:1–6.
OpenUrl

[84] Mokdad AH,

[85] Tuffaha M,

[86] Hanlon M,

[87] El Bcheraoui C,

[88] Daoud F,

[89] Al Saeedi M,

[90] et al.

[91] ↵
Bcheraoui C,
Memish Z,
Tuffaha M,
Daoud F,
Robinson M,
Jaberet M,
et al.
(2014) Hypertension and its associated risk factors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2013: A National Survey. Int J Hypertens 2014:564679.
OpenUrl

[92] Bcheraoui C,

[93] Memish Z,

[94] Tuffaha M,

[95] Daoud F,

[96] Robinson M,

[97] Jaberet M,

[98] et al.

[99] ↵
Al-Hazzaa HM
(2004) Prevalence of physical inactivity in Saudi Arabia: a brief review. East Mediterr Health J 10:663–670.
OpenUrl PubMed

[100] Al-Hazzaa HM

[101] ↵
Al-Nozha M,
Al-Khadra A,
Arafah MR,
Al-Maatouq MA,
Khalil MZ,
Khan NB,
et al.
(2005) Metabolic syndrome in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 26:1918–1925.
OpenUrl PubMed Web of Science

[102] Al-Nozha M,

[103] Al-Khadra A,

[104] Arafah MR,

[105] Al-Maatouq MA,

[106] Khalil MZ,

[107] Khan NB,

[108] et al.

[109] ↵
Al-Khathami AD,
Al-Harbi LS,
AlSalehi SM,
Al-Turki KA,
AlZahrani MA,
Alotaibi NA,
et al.
(2013) A primary mental health program in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia 2003-2013. J Ment Health 10:203–210.
OpenUrl

[110] Al-Khathami AD,

[111] Al-Harbi LS,

[112] AlSalehi SM,

[113] Al-Turki KA,

[114] AlZahrani MA,

[115] Alotaibi NA,

[116] et al.

[117] ↵
Zarate CT,
Rojop IJ,
Jimenez YP,
Jiménez MA,
Vázquez S,
Ocaña DB,
et al.
(2012) Prevalence of anxiety and depression among outpatients with type 2 diabetes in the Mexican population. PLoS ONE 7:e36887.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[118] Zarate CT,

[119] Rojop IJ,

[120] Jimenez YP,

[121] Jiménez MA,

[122] Vázquez S,

[123] Ocaña DB,

[124] et al.

[125] ↵
Collins MM,
Corcorant P,
Perry IJ
(2009) Anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with diabetes. Diabet Med 26:153–161.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[126] Collins MM,

[127] Corcorant P,

[128] Perry IJ

[129] ↵
Khuwaja AK,
Lalani S,
Dhanani R,
Azam IS,
Rafique G,
White F
(2010) Anxiety and depression among outpatients with type 2 diabetes: A multi-centre study of prevalence and associated factors. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2:72.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[130] Khuwaja AK,

[131] Lalani S,

[132] Dhanani R,

[133] Azam IS,

[134] Rafique G,

[135] White F

[136] ↵
Khuwaja AK,
Qureshi R,
Azam SI
(2004) Prevalence and factors associated with anxiety and depression among family practitioners in Karachi, Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc 54:45–49.
OpenUrl PubMed

[137] Khuwaja AK,

[138] Qureshi R,

[139] Azam SI

[140] ↵
Keita GP
(2007) Psychosocial and cultural contributions to depression in women: considerations for women midlife and beyond. J Manag Care Pharm 13:S12–S15.
OpenUrl PubMed

[141] Keita GP

[142] ↵
Zhao W,
Chen Y,
Lin M,
Sigal RJ
(2006) Association between diabetes and depression: Sex and age differences. Public Health 120:696–704.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed Web of Science

[143] Zhao W,

[144] Chen Y,

[145] Lin M,

[146] Sigal RJ

[147] ↵
Habtewold TD,
Mulugeta S,
Gebreegziabhere Y
(2015) Associated factors of depression among type 2 diabetic outpatients in Black Lion General Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Austin J Endocrinol Diabetes 2:id1032.
OpenUrl

[148] Habtewold TD,

[149] Mulugeta S,

[150] Gebreegziabhere Y

[151] ↵
Roupa Z,
Koulouri A,
Sotiropoulou P,
Makrinika E,
Marneras X,
Lahana I,
et al.
(2009) Anxiety and depression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, depending on sex and body mass index. Health Science Journal 3:32–40.
OpenUrl

[152] Roupa Z,

[153] Koulouri A,

[154] Sotiropoulou P,

[155] Makrinika E,

[156] Marneras X,

[157] Lahana I,

[158] et al.

[159] ↵
Koyanagi A,
Garin N,
Olaya B,
Ayuso-Mateos JL,
Chatterji S,
Leonardi M,
et al.
(2015) Chronic conditions and sleep problems among adults aged 50 years or over in nine countries: A multi-country study. PLoS One 10:e0138261.
OpenUrl

[160] Koyanagi A,

[161] Garin N,

[162] Olaya B,

[163] Ayuso-Mateos JL,

[164] Chatterji S,

[165] Leonardi M,

[166] et al.

[167] ↵
Ströhle A
(2009) Physical activity, exercise, depression and anxiety disorders. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 116:777.
OpenUrl

[168] Ströhle A

[169] ↵
Kaur G,
Tee GH,
Ariaratnam S,
Krishnapillai AS,
China K
(2013) Depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among diabetics in Malaysia: a cross sectional study in an urban primary care setting. BMC Fam Pract 14:69.
OpenUrl

[170] Kaur G,

[171] Tee GH,

[172] Ariaratnam S,

[173] Krishnapillai AS,

[174] China K

[175] ↵
Zelman DC,
Brandenburg NA,
Gore M
(2006) Sleep impairment in patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Clin J Pain 22:681–685.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed Web of Science

[176] Zelman DC,

[177] Brandenburg NA,

[178] Gore M

[179] ↵
Dekker RL,
Peden AR,
Lennie TA,
Schooler MP,
Moser DK
(2009) Living with depressive symptoms: patients with heart failure. Am J Crit Care 18:310–318.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[180] Dekker RL,

[181] Peden AR,

[182] Lennie TA,

[183] Schooler MP,

[184] Moser DK

[185] ↵
DeJean D,
Giacomini M,
Vanstone M,
Brundisini F
(2013) Patient experiences of depression and anxiety with chronic disease: A systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis. Ont Health Technol Assess Ser 13:1–133.
OpenUrl PubMed

[186] DeJean D,

[187] Giacomini M,

[188] Vanstone M,

[189] Brundisini F

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Depression and anxiety among hypertensive and diabetic primary health care patients

Could patients’ perception of their diseases control be used as a screening tool?

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Depression and anxiety among hypertensive and diabetic primary health care patients

Could patients’ perception of their diseases control be used as a screening tool?

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