Effect of natural honey on lowering lipid profile

Mohammed K. Alkhalifah; Khaled A. Alabduljabbar; Abdullah H. Alkhenizan

doi:10.15537/smj.2021.42.5.20200664

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Figure 1
- Characteristics of excluded studies.
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Figure 2
- Risk of bias graph showing the review of authors’ judgements regarding each risk-of-bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.
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Figure 3
- Risk of bias summary showing the review authors’ judgements about each risk-of-bias item for each included study.
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Figure 4
- Forest plot of comparison showing the experimental (honey) versus control groups (outcome 1: total cholesterol).
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Figure 5
- Forest plot of comparison showing the experimental (honey) versus control groups (outcome 2: HDL cholesterol).
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Figure 6
- Forest plot of comparison showing the experimental (honey) versus control groups (outcome 3: LDL cholesterol).
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Figure 7
- Forest plot of comparison showing the experimental (honey) versus control groups (outcome 4: triglycerides).

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Table 1

- Characteristics of excluded studies.

Study	Year	Reason for exclusion
Alemam et al²³	2019	No control group
Al-Waili²⁴	2004	No control group
Arani et al²⁵	2018	Inappropriate comparator intervention (honey in both arms)
Bekkaye et al²⁶	2016	No control group
Bhatti et al²⁷	2016	No control group
Derakhshandeh-Rishehri et al²⁸	2014	No pure honey
Despland et al²⁹	2017	Short-term trial (the follow-up period was eight days)
Erejuwa et al³⁰	2019	Still on-going study
Whitfield et al³¹	2016	Inappropriate comparator intervention (honey in all arms)

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Table 2

- Characteristics of Included Studies.

Study	Year	Duration	Participants	Interventions
Abdulrhman et al¹⁶	2013	Two 12 weeks (crossover)	20 pediatric patients of both sexes (F:M=1:1), aged 4–18 years, with insulin-dependent diabetes.	0.5 mL of honey per kg body weight daily compared with control group, who did not receive anything.
Bahrami et al³²	2009	8 weeks	48 patients (13 men and 35 women), with type II diabetes.	Natural honey with doses indetails (1^st 2 weeks, 1 g/kg/day; 2^nd 2 weeks, 1.5 g/kg/day; 3^rd 2 weeks, 2 g/kg/day; and the last 2 weeks, 2.5 g/kg/day) compared with no treatment for the control group.
Majid et al³³	2013	4 weeks	70 healthy young males. 7 participants dropped out because of lifestyle changes during the study.	70 g of honey taken daily for 4 weeks period; control group was kept on the same diet as that of experimental group except honey.
Münstedt et al³⁴	2019	4 weeks	60 male patients with hyperlipidemia.	75 g of honey compared with 75 g glucose and fructose solution with an identical content (honey-comparable sugar solution).
Rasad et al³⁵	2018	6 weeks	60 healthy males, aged 18-30 years, non-athletic and non-smoker.	70 g natural honey solved in 250 mL tap water compared with 70 g of sucrose solved in 250 mL tap water daily.
Wan Ghazali et al³⁶	2015	12 weeks	64 male smokers, aged 20-50 years.	20 g/day of Tualang honey compared with control group, who did not receive anything.
Yaghoobi et al¹⁷	2008	30 days	55 overweight or obese subjects, aged 20-60 years, 24 males and 31 females.	70 g of honey liquefied in 250 ml tap water compared with 70 g of sucrose dissolved in the same amount of water daily.