Clinical Practice Guidelines for Liver Transplantation in Saudi Arabia

References

1. 1.↵
   1. Shaheen FA,
   2. Al-Khader AA.

   Organ transplantation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 1996; 17: 684–692.

   OpenUrl
2. 2.↵
   1. Shaheen FA.

   Organ Transplantation in Saudi Arabia. Transplantation 2016; 100: 1387–1389.

   OpenUrl
3. 3.↵
   1. Al Sebayel M,
   2. Abaalkhail F,
   3. Al Abbad S,
   4. AlBahili H,
   5. Elsiesy H,
   6. Aleid M, et al.

   Liver transplantation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Liver Transplant 2017; 23: 1312–1317.

   OpenUrl
4. 4.↵
   Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation. Annual Report for Organ Transplantation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia [IUpdate 2017; cited 2020 June 17]. Available from: http://www.scot.gov.sa/webb/Reports/1039?lang=En
5. 5.↵
   1. Shaheen FA,
   2. Souqiyyeh MZ,
   3. Attar MB,
   4. al-Swailem AR.

   The Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation: An Ideal Model for Arabic Countries to Improve Treatment of End-Stage Organ Failure. Transplant Proc 1996; 28: 247–249.

   OpenUrlPubMed
6. 6.↵
   Saudi Center For Organ Transplantion. Criteria for establishment of a liver transplant center. [cited 2020 June 17]. Available from: https://www.scot.gov.sa/en/Article/Index?pageid=26
7. 7.↵
   IRODaT. International Registry on Organ Donation and Transplantation. [cited 2020 November 15]. Available from: https://www.irodat.org/?p=database&c=SA#data
8. 8.↵
   1. Al-Faleh FZ,
   2. Ayoola EA,
   3. Al-Jeffry M,
   4. Arif M,
   5. Al-Rashed RS,
   6. Ramia S.

   Integration of hepatitis B vaccine into the expanded program on immunization: The Saudi Arabian experience. Ann Saudi Med 1993; 13: 231–236.

   OpenUrlPubMed
9. 9.↵
   1. Al-Hamoudi W,
   2. Elsiesy H,
   3. Bendahmash A,
   4. Al-Masri N,
   5. Ali S,
   6. Allam N, et al.

   Liver transplantation for hepatitis B virus: Decreasing indication and changing trends. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21: 8140–8147.

   OpenUrl
10. 10.↵
    1. Alghamdi AS,
    2. Alghamdi M,
    3. Sanai FM,
    4. Alghamdi H,
    5. Aba-Alkhail F,
    6. Alswat K, et al.

    SASLT guidelines: Update in treatment of Hepatitis C virus infection. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2016; 22 (Suppl 2): S25–S57.

    OpenUrl
11. 11.↵
    1. Shagrani M,
    2. Burkholder J,
    3. Broering D,
    4. Abouelhoda M,
    5. Faquih T,
    6. El-Kalioby M, et al.

    Genetic profiling of children with advanced cholestatic liver disease. Clin Genet 2017; 92: 52–61.

    OpenUrl
12. 12.↵
    European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Liver transplantation. J Hepatol 2015; 64: 433–485.

    OpenUrl
13. 13.
    1. Dutkowski P,
    2. De Rougemont O,
    3. Müllhaupt B,
    4. Clavien PA.

    Current and Future Trends in Liver Transplantation in Europe. Gastroenterology 2010; 138: 802–809.e1-4.

    OpenUrl
14. 14.↵
    1. Dutkowski P,
    2. Linecker M,
    3. Deoliveira ML,
    4. Müllhaupt B,
    5. Clavien PA.

    Challenges to liver transplantation and strategies to improve outcomes. Gastroenterology 2015; 148: 307–323.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
15. 15.↵
    1. Guyatt GH,
    2. Oxman AD,
    3. Vist GE,
    4. Kunz R,
    5. Falck-Ytter Y,
    6. Alonso-Coello P, et al.

    GRADE: An emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2008; 336: 924–926.

    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
16. 16.↵
    1. Al Sebayel M,
    2. Elsiesy H.

    Organ donor allocation system for liver transplantation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Call for major revision. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2015; 21: 267–268.

    OpenUrl
17. 17.↵
    1. Alnasyan AY,
    2. Aldihan KA,
    3. Albassam AA,
    4. Alhusain FA,
    5. Al Tamimi AR.

    How informed are the Saudi public about the value of organ donation: A community-based cross-sectional study. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2019; 30: 1236–1244.

    OpenUrl
18. 18.↵
    SCOT. Organ transplantation in Saudi Arabia - 2017. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2018; 29: 1523–1536.

    OpenUrl
19. 19.↵
    1. Al-Sebayel M,
    2. Khalaf H,
    3. Al-Sofayan M,
    4. Al-Saghier M,
    5. Abdo A,
    6. Al-Bahili H, et al.

    Experience with 122 consecutive liver transplant procedures at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center. Ann Saudi Med 2007; 27: 333–338.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
20. 20.↵
    1. Aldawood A,
    2. Al Qahtani S,
    3. Dabbagh O,
    4. Al-Sayyari AA.

    Organ donation after brain-death: experience over five-years in a tertiary hospital. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2007; 18: 60–64.

    OpenUrlPubMed
21. 21.↵
    1. Nicholls PH.

    Cadaveric organ donation in Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med 1990; 10: 319–324.

    OpenUrl
22. 22.↵
    1. In:
    2. Aswad S,
    3. Taha S,
    4. Babiker M,
    5. Qayum A

    , editors. The role of the National Kidney Foundation in cadaveric transplantation in Saudi Arabia. Netherlands: Springer; 1991. p. 531–536.
23. 23.↵
    1. Shaheen FA,
    2. Souqiyyeh MZ,
    3. Al-Swailem AR.

    Saudi center for organ transplantation: activities and achievements. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 1995; 6: 41–52.

    OpenUrlPubMed
24. 24.↵
    1. Al-Sebayel MI.

    The status of cadaveric organ donation for liver transplantation in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2002; 23: 509–512.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
25. 25.↵
    1. Shaheen FAM,
    2. Souqiyyeh MZ.

    How to improve organ donation in the MESOT Countries. Ann Transpl 2004; 9: 19–24.

    OpenUrl
26. 26.↵
    Statista Research Department. Attitudes towards organ donation Saudi Arabia 2018. [cited 2020 Jun 20]. Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/917705/saudi-arabia-attitudes-towards-organ-donation/#statisticContainer
27. 27.↵
    Organ Donation and Transplantation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2016. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2017; 28: 1209–1214.

    OpenUrl
28. 28.↵
    1. Al-Hashim AH,
    2. Al-Busaidi M.

    Understanding the concept of brain death in the Middle East. Oman Med J 2015; 30: 75–76.

    OpenUrl
29. 29.↵
    1. Majeed F.

    Saudi nursing and medical student’s knowledge and attitude toward organ donation- A comparative cross-sectional study. Int J Heal Sci 2016; 10: 209–217.

    OpenUrl
30. 30.↵
    1. Volk ML,
    2. Hagan M.

    Organ quality and quality of life after liver transplantation. Liver Transplant 2011; 17: 1443–1447.

    OpenUrlPubMed
31. 31.↵
    1. Croome KP,
    2. Marotta P,
    3. Wall WJ,
    4. Dale C,
    5. Levstik MA,
    6. Chandok N, et al.

    Should a lower quality organ go to the least sick patient? Model for end-stage liver disease score and donor risk index as predictors of early allograft dysfunction. Transplant Proc 2012; 44: 1303–1306.

    OpenUrlPubMed
32. 32.↵
    1. Arredondo E,
    2. Barros M,
    3. Procaccio F,
    4. Escalante JL,
    5. Al-Attar B,
    6. Shaheen F, et al.

    Implementation of a quality management system on organ donation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Transplantation 2018; 102: S770.

    OpenUrl
33. 33.↵
    DTI-TPM Foundation. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and DTI Foundation keep cooperating in the framework of the implementation of a quality management system on organ donation [cited 2020 June 19]. Available from: https://tpm-dti.com/the-kingdom-of-saudi-arabia-and-dti-foundation-keep-cooperating-in-the-framework-of-the-implementation-of-a-quality-management-system-on-organ-donation/
34. 34.↵
    1. Briceño J,
    2. Ciria R.

    Limits for adult liver donation in Spain. Transplant Proc 2014; 46: 3079–3081.

    OpenUrl
35. 35.↵
    National Transplant Organization. Good practice guidelines in the process of organ donation. [cited 2020 June 17]. Available from: http://www.ont.es/publicaciones/Documents/VERSI%C3%93N%20INGLESA%20MAQUETADA_2.pdf
36. 36.↵
    Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation. Sequence of Procedures for Organ Donation after Death. [cited 2020 June 20]. Available from: http://www.scot.gov.sa/webb/Str/20?lang=En
37. 37.↵
    1. Al-Sebayel MI.

    The efficiency in the utilization of potential donors for organ transplantation in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2003; 24: 758–760.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
38. 38.↵
    Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation. Death documentation form by brain function criteria [cited 2020 Jun 20]. Available from: http://www.scot.gov.sa/webb/pdf/13?lang=En
39. 39.↵
    1. Szmalc FS,
    2. Kittur DS.

    Organ donor maintenance and procurement : Current opinion in organ transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2000; 5: 232–236.

    OpenUrl
40. 40.↵
    1. Wijdicks EFM,
    2. Varelas PN,
    3. Gronseth GS,
    4. Greer DM.

    Evidence-based guideline update: Determining brain death in adults: Report of the quality standards subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2010; 74: 1911–1918.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
41. 41.↵
    1. Kumar L.

    Brain death and care of the organ donor. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2016; 32: 146–152.

    OpenUrl
42. 42.↵
    1. Powner DJ,
    2. Darby JM,
    3. Kellum JA.

    Proposed Treatment Guidelines for Donor Care. Prog Transplant 2004; 14: 16–26.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
43. 43.↵
    1. Amin MG,
    2. Wolf MP,
    3. TenBrook JA,
    4. Freeman RB,
    5. Cheng SJ,
    6. Pratt DS, et al.

    Expanded criteria donor grafts for deceased donor liver transplantation under the MELD system: A decision analysis. Liver Transpl 2004; 10: 1468–1475.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
44. 44.↵
    1. Vodkin I,
    2. Kuo A.

    Extended criteria donors in liver transplantation. Clin Liver Dis 2017; 21: 289–301.

    OpenUrl
45. 45.↵
    Eurotransplant. Eurotransplant Manual. [cited 2020 June 20]. Available from: www.eurotransplant.org
46. 46.↵
    1. Rana A,
    2. Hardy MA,
    3. Halazun KJ,
    4. Woodland DC,
    5. Ratner LE,
    6. Samstein B, et al.

    Survival Outcomes Following Liver Transplantation (SOFT) score: A novel method to predict patient survival following liver transplantation. Am J Transplant 2008; 8: 2537–2546.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
47. 47.↵
    1. Halldorson JB,
    2. Bakthavatsalam R,
    3. Fix O,
    4. Reyes JD,
    5. Perkins JD.

    D-MELD, a simple predictor of post liver transplant mortality for optimization of donor/recipient matching. Am J Transplant 2009; 9: 318–326.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
48. 48.↵
    1. Dutkowski P,
    2. Oberkofler CE,
    3. Slankamenac K,
    4. Puhan MA,
    5. Schadde E,
    6. Müllhaupt B, et al.

    Are There Better Guidelines for Allocation in Liver Transplantation? Ann Surg 2011; 254: 745–754.

    OpenUrlPubMed
49. 49.↵
    1. Feng S,
    2. Goodrich NP,
    3. Bragg-Gresham JL,
    4. Dykstra DM,
    5. Punch JD,
    6. DebRoy MA, et al.

    Characteristics associated with liver graft failure: The concept of a donor risk index. Am J Transplant 2006; 6: 783–790.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
50. 50.↵
    1. Adam R,
    2. Karam V,
    3. Delvart V,
    4. O’Grady J,
    5. Mirza D,
    6. Klempnauer J, et al.

    Evolution of indications and results of liver transplantation in Europe. A report from the European Liver Transplant Registry (ELTR). J Hepatol 2012; 57: 675–688.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
51. 51.↵
    1. Asrani SK,
    2. Kim WR.

    Organ allocation for chronic liver disease: Model for end-stage liver disease and beyond. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2010; 26: 209–213.

    OpenUrlPubMed
52. 52.↵
    1. Akkina SK,
    2. Asrani SK,
    3. Peng Y,
    4. Stock P,
    5. Kim WR,
    6. Israni AK.

    Development of organ-specific donor risk indices. Liver Transpl 2012; 18: 395–404.

    OpenUrlPubMed
53. 53.
    1. Linares I,
    2. Hamar M,
    3. Selzner N,
    4. Selzner M.

    Steatosis in liver transplantation: Current limitations and future strategies. Transplantation 2019; 103: 78–90.

    OpenUrl
54. 54.↵
    1. Alswat K,
    2. Aljumah A,
    3. Sanai F,
    4. Abaalkhail F,
    5. Alghamdi M,
    6. Al Hamoudi W, et al.

    Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease burden - Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, 2017-2030. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2018; 24: 211–219.

    OpenUrl
55. 55.↵
    1. Gaglio P.

    Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, an issue of clinics in liver disease. Elsevier 2016; 20: i.
56. 56.↵
    1. Veteläinen R,
    2. Van Vliet AK,
    3. Van Gulik TM.

    Severe steatosis increases hepatocellular injury and impairs liver regeneration in a rat model of partial hepatectomy. Ann Surg 2007; 245: 44–50.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
57. 57.↵
    1. Chu MJJ,
    2. Dare AJ,
    3. Phillips ARJ,
    4. Bartlett ASJR.

    Donor hepatic steatosis and outcome after liver transplantation: A systematic review. J Gastrointest Surg 2015; 19: 1713–1724.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
58. 58.↵
    1. Deroose JP,
    2. Kazemier G,
    3. Zondervan P

    , IJzermans JNM, Metselaar HJ, Alwayn IPJ. Hepatic steatosis is not always a contraindication for cadaveric liver transplantation. HPB (Oxford) 2011; 13: 417–425.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
59. 59.↵
    1. Wu C,
    2. Lu C,
    3. Xu C.

    Short-term and long-term outcomes of liver transplantation using moderately and severely steatotic donor livers a systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97: e12026.

    OpenUrl
60. 60.↵
    1. Al-Hamoudi W,
    2. Abaalkhail F,
    3. Bendahmash A,
    4. Allam N,
    5. Hegab B,
    6. Elsheikh Y, et al.

    The impact of metabolic syndrome and prevalent liver disease on living donor liver transplantation: a pressing need to expand the pool. Hepatol Int 2016; 10: 347–354.

    OpenUrl
61. 61.↵
    1. Andert A,
    2. Ulmer TF,
    3. Schöning W,
    4. Kroy D,
    5. Hein M,
    6. Alizai PH, et al.

    Grade of donor liver microvesicular steatosis does not affect the postoperative outcome after liver transplantation. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2017; 16: 617–623.

    OpenUrl
62. 62.↵
    1. Dutkowski P,
    2. Schlegel A,
    3. Slankamenac K,
    4. Oberkofler CE,
    5. Adam R,
    6. Burroughs AK, et al.

    The use of fatty liver grafts in modern allocation systems: risk assessment by the balance of risk (BAR) score. Ann Surg 2012; 256: (5).
63. 63.↵
    1. Holt D,
    2. Thomas R,
    3. Van Thiel D,
    4. Brems JJ.

    Use of hepatitis B core antibody-positive donors in orthotopic liver transplantation. Arch Surg 2002; 137: 572–575.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
64. 64.↵
    1. Suehiro T,
    2. Shimada M,
    3. Kishikawa K,
    4. Shimura T,
    5. Soejima Y,
    6. Yoshizumi T, et al.

    Prevention of hepatitis B virus infection from hepatitis B core antibody-positive donor graft using hepatitis B immune globulin and lamivudine in living donor liver transplantation. Liver Int 2005; 25: 1169–1174.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
65. 65.↵
    Scholarly Editions. Hepatitis B Virus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional. 2011 ed. Atlanta (Georgia): ScholarlyEditions; 2012.
66. 66.↵
    1. Beckebaum S,
    2. Herzer K,
    3. Bauhofer A,
    4. Gelson W,
    5. De Simone P,
    6. de Man R, et al.

    Recurrence of Hepatitis B Infection in Liver Transplant Patients Receiving Long-Term Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin Prophylaxis. Ann Transplant 2018; 23: 789–801.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
67. 67.↵
    1. Chauhan R,
    2. Lingala S,
    3. Gadiparthi C,
    4. Lahiri N,
    5. Mohanty SR,
    6. Wu J, et al.

    Reactivation of hepatitis B after liver transplantation: Current knowledge, molecular mechanisms and implications in management. World J Hepatol 2018; 10: 352–370.

    OpenUrl
68. 68.↵
    1. Ballarin R,
    2. Cucchetti A,
    3. Russo FP,
    4. Magistri P,
    5. Cescon M,
    6. Cillo U,
    7. Burra P,
    8. Pinna AD,
    9. Di Benedetto F.,
    10. :

    Long term follow-up and outcome of liver transplantation from hepatitis B surface antigen positive donors. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23: 2095–2105.

    OpenUrl
69. 69.↵
    1. Crismale JF,
    2. Ahmad J.

    Expanding the donor pool: Hepatitis C, hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus-positive donors in liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25: 6799–6812.

    OpenUrl
70. 70.↵
    1. Selzner N,
    2. Berenguer M.

    Should organs from hepatitis C-positive donors be used in hepatitis C-negative recipients for liver transplantation? Liver Transplant 2018; 24: 831–840.

    OpenUrl
71. 71.↵
    Potential transmission of viral hepatitis through use of stored blood vessels as conduits in organ transplantation-Pennsylvania, 2009. Am J Transplant 2011; 11: 863–865.

    OpenUrlPubMed
72. 72.↵
    1. Ince V.

    Deceased donor liver transplantation from donors with central nervous system malignancy: Inonu Experience. North Clin Istanbul 2017; 4: 213.

    OpenUrl
73. 73.↵
    1. Orlic L,
    2. Sladoje-Martinovic B,
    3. Mikolasevic I,
    4. Zupan Z,
    5. Racki S.

    Patients with primary brain tumors as organ donors. Bantao Journal 2015; 13: 34–38.

    OpenUrl
74. 74.↵
    1. Benkö T,
    2. Hoyer DP,
    3. Saner FH,
    4. Treckmann JW,
    5. Paul A,
    6. Radunz S.

    Liver transplantation from donors with a history of malignancy. Transplant Direct 2017; 3(11): e224.

    OpenUrl
75. 75.↵
    1. Cotrau P,
    2. Hodosan V,
    3. Vladu A,
    4. Daina C,
    5. Daina LG,
    6. Pantis C. Ethical

    , socio-cultural and religious issues in organ donation. Maedica (Buchar) 2019; 14: 12–14.

    OpenUrl
76. 76.↵
    1. Beyar R.

    Challenges in organ transplantation. Rambam Maimonides Med J 2011; 2: e0049.

    OpenUrl
77. 77.↵
    1. Rudge CJ.

    Organ donation: Opting in or opting out? Br J Gen Pract 2018; 68: 62–63.

    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
78. 78.↵
    1. Lee KS,
    2. Kim DJ

    , (Guideline Committee of the Korean Association for the Study of the Liver). Management of Chronic Hepatitis B. Korean J Hepatol 2007; (4): 447–488. Korean.
79. 79.↵
    1. Liaw YF,
    2. Sheen IS,
    3. Lee CM,
    4. Akarca US,
    5. Papatheodoridis G V.,
    6. Suet-Hing Wong F, et al.

    Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), emtricitabine/TDF, and entecavir in patients with decompensated chronic hepatitis B liver disease. Hepatology 2011; 53: 62–72.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
80. 80.
    1. Liaw YF,
    2. Raptopoulou-Gigi M,
    3. Cheinquer H,
    4. Sarin SK,
    5. Tanwandee T,
    6. Leung N, et al.

    Efficacy and safety of entecavir versus adefovir in chronic hepatitis B patients with hepatic decompensation: A randomized, open-label study. Hepatology 2011; 54: 91–100.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
81. 81.↵
    1. Shim JH,
    2. Lee HC,
    3. Kim KM,
    4. Lim YS,
    5. Chung YH,
    6. Lee YS, et al.

    Efficacy of entecavir in treatment-naïve patients with hepatitis B virus-related decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2010; 52: 176–182.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
82. 82.↵
    1. Schiff E,
    2. Lai CL,
    3. Hadziyannis S,
    4. Nuehaus P,
    5. Terrault N,
    6. Colombo M, et al.

    Adefovir dipivoxil for wait-listed and post-liver transplantation patients with lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B: Final long-term results. Liver Transplant 2007; 13: 349–360.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
83. 83.↵
    1. Kapoor D,
    2. Guptan RC,
    3. Wakil SM,
    4. Kazim SN,
    5. Kaul R,
    6. Agarwal SR, et al.

    Beneficial effects of lamivudine in hepatitis b virus-related decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2000; 33: 308–312.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
84. 84.↵
    1. Messina JP,
    2. Humphreys I,
    3. Flaxman A,
    4. Brown A,
    5. Cooke GS,
    6. Pybus OG, et al.

    Global distribution and prevalence of hepatitis C virus genotypes. Hepatology 2015; 61: 77–87.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
85. 85.↵
    1. Al Traif I,
    2. Al Balwi MA,
    3. Abdulkarim I,
    4. Handoo FA,
    5. Alqhamdi HS,
    6. Alotaibi M, et al.

    HCV genotypes among 1013 Saudi nationals: A multicenter study. Ann Saudi Med 2013; 33: 10–12.

    OpenUrl
86. 86.↵
    1. Al-hamoudi W.

    Management of hepatitis c genotype 4 in the liver transplant setting. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2016; 22: 173–182.

    OpenUrl
87. 87.↵
    1. Berenguer M.

    Systematic review of the treatment of established recurrent hepatitis C with pegylated interferon in combination with ribavirin. J Hepatol 2008; 49: 274–287.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
88. 88.↵
    1. Crespo G,
    2. Mario Z,
    3. Navasa M,
    4. Forns X.

    Viral hepatitis in liver transplantation. Gastroenterology 2012; 142: 1373–1383.e1.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
89. 89.↵
    1. Charlton M,
    2. Everson GT,
    3. Flamm SL,
    4. Kumar P,
    5. Landis C,
    6. Brown RS, et al.

    Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for treatment of HCV infection in patients with advanced liver disease. Gastroenterology 2015; 149: 649–659.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
90. 90.↵
    1. Crespo G,
    2. Trota N,
    3. Londoño MC,
    4. Mauro E,
    5. Baliellas C,
    6. Castells L, et al.

    The efficacy of direct anti-HCV drugs improves early post-liver transplant survival and induces significant changes in waiting list composition. J Hepatol 2018; 69: 11–17.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
91. 91.↵
    1. Curry MP,
    2. Forns X,
    3. Chung RT,
    4. Terrault NA,
    5. Brown R,
    6. Fenkel JM, et al.

    Sofosbuvir and ribavirin prevent recurrence of hcv infection after liver transplantation: An open-label study. Gastroenterology 2015; 148: 100–107.e1.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
92. 92.↵
    1. Poordad F,
    2. Hezode C,
    3. Trinh R,
    4. Kowdley K V.,
    5. Zeuzem S,
    6. Agarwal K, et al.

    ABT-450/r-Ombitasvir and Dasabuvir with Ribavirin for Hepatitis C with Cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 2014; 370: 1973–1982.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
93. 93.↵
    1. Sulkowski MS,
    2. Gardiner DF,
    3. Rodriguez-Torres M,
    4. Reddy KR,
    5. Hassanein T,
    6. Jacobson I, et al.

    Daclatasvir plus Sofosbuvir for Previously Treated or Untreated Chronic HCV Infection. N Engl J Med 2014; 370: 211–221.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
94. 94.↵
    1. Abaalkhail F,
    2. Elsiesy H,
    3. Elbeshbeshy H,
    4. Shawkat M,
    5. Yousif S,
    6. Ullah W, et al.

    Treatment of patients with hepatitis C virus infection with ledipasvir-sofosbuvir in the liver transplant setting. Transplantation 2017; 101: 2739–2745.

    OpenUrl
95. 95.↵
    1. Burra P,
    2. Senzolo M,
    3. Adam R,
    4. Delvart V,
    5. Karam V,
    6. Germani G, et al.

    Liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease in Europe: A study from the ELTR (European liver transplant registry). Am J Transplant 2010; 10: 138–148.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
96. 96.↵
    1. Charlton M.

    Evolving aspects of liver transplantation for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2013; 18: 251–258.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
97. 97.↵
    1. Dare AJ,
    2. Plank LD,
    3. Phillips ARJ,
    4. Gane EJ,
    5. Harrison B,
    6. Orr D, et al.

    Additive effect of pretransplant obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors on outcomes after liver transplantation. Liver Transplant 2014; 20: 281–290.

    OpenUrl
98. 98.↵
    1. Akamatsu N,
    2. Akamatsu N,
    3. Sugawara Y.

    Primary biliary cirrhosis and liver transplantation. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2012; 1: 66–80.

    OpenUrl
99. 99.↵
    1. Christensen E,
    2. Gunson B,
    3. Neuberger J.

    Optimal timing of liver transplantation for patients with primary biliary cirrhosis: Use of prognostic modelling. J Hepatol 1999; 30: 285–292.

    OpenUrlPubMed
100. 100.↵
     1. Boberg KM,
     2. Lind GE.

     Primary sclerosing cholangitis and malignancy. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2011; 25:
101. 101.↵
     1. Aljumah AA,
     2. Jarallah B Al,
     3. Albenmousa A,
     4. Khathlan A Al,
     5. Zanbagi A Al,
     6. Quaiz M Al, et al.

     The saudi association for the study of liver diseases and transplantation clinical practice guidelines for management of autoimmune hepatitis. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2018; 24 (7 Suppl): S1–S20.

     OpenUrl
102. 102.↵
     1. Khalaf H,
     2. Mourad W,
     3. El-Sheikh Y,
     4. Abdo A,
     5. Helmy A,
     6. Medhat Y, et al.

     Liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis: a single-center experience. Transplant Proc 2007; 39: 1166–1170.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
103. 103.↵
     1. Ichai P,
     2. Duclos-Vallée JC,
     3. Guettier C,
     4. Hamida SB,
     5. Antonini T,
     6. Delvart V, et al.

     Usefulness of corticosteroids for the treatment of severe and fulminant forms of autoimmune hepatitis. Liver Transplant 2007; 13: 996–1003.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
104. 104.↵
     1. Ratziu V,
     2. Samuel D,
     3. Sebagh M,
     4. Farges O,
     5. Saliba F,
     6. Ichai P, et al.

     Long-term follow-up after liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis: Evidence of recurrence of primary disease. J Hepatol 1999; 30: 131–141.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
105. 105.↵
     1. Al Fadda M,
     2. Al Quaiz M,
     3. Al Ashgar H,
     4. Al Kahtani K,
     5. Helmy A,
     6. Al Benmousa A, et al.

     Wilson disease in 71 patients followed for over two decades in a tertiary center in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective review. Ann Saudi Med 2012; 32: 623–629.

     OpenUrl
106. 106.↵
     1. Alsmadi OA,
     2. Al-Kayal F,
     3. Al-Hamed M,
     4. Meyer BF.

     Frequency of common HFE variants in the Saudi population: A high throughput molecular beacon-based study. BMC Med Genet 2006; 7: 43.

     OpenUrlPubMed
107. 107.↵
     1. Niederau C,
     2. Fischer R,
     3. Sonnenberg A,
     4. Stremmel W,
     5. Trampisch HJ,
     6. Strohmeyer G.

     Survival and causes of death in cirrhotic and in noncirrhotic patients with primary hemochromatosis. N Engl J Med 1985; 313: 1256–1262.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
108. 108.↵
     1. Powell LW.

     Hemochromatosis: The impact of early diagnosis and therapy. Gastroenterology 1996; 110: 1304–1307.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
109. 109.↵
     1. Kowdley K V.,
     2. Brandhagen DJ,
     3. Gish RG,
     4. Bass NM,
     5. Weinstein J,
     6. Schilsky ML, et al.

     Survival After Liver Transplantation in Patients With Hepatic Iron Overload: The National Hemochromatosis Transplant Registry. Gastroenterology 2005; 129: 494–503.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
110. 110.↵
     1. Bobrowski AE,
     2. Langman CB.

     The primary hyperoxalurias. Semin Nephrol 2008; 28: 152–162.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
111. 111.↵
     1. Siegal D,
     2. Su WS,
     3. DaBreo D,
     4. Puglia M,
     5. Gregor L,
     6. Gangji AS.

     Liver-kidney transplantation in primary hyperoxaluria type-1: case report and literature review. Int J organ Transplant Med 2011; 2: 126–132.

     OpenUrl
112. 112.↵
     1. Abdo A,
     2. Al Abdul Karim H,
     3. Al Fuhaid T,
     4. Sanai F,
     5. Kabbani M,
     6. Al Jumah A, et al.

     Saudi gastroenterology association guidelines for the diagnosis and management of hepatocellular carcinoma: Summary of recommendations. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2007; 13: 45.

     OpenUrlPubMed
113. 113.↵
     1. Mazzaferro V,
     2. Regalia E,
     3. Doci R,
     4. Andreola S,
     5. Pulvirenti A,
     6. Bozzetti F, et al.

     Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 693–700.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
114. 114.↵
     1. Hussain F,
     2. Anjum S,
     3. Alrshoud N,
     4. Mehmood A,
     5. Bazarbashi S,
     6. Hussain AN, et al.

     Trends and patterns of primary hepatic carcinoma in Saudi Arabia. Gulf J Oncolog 2019; 1: 41–51.

     OpenUrl
115. 115.↵
     1. Bridgewater J,
     2. Galle PR,
     3. Khan SA,
     4. Llovet JM,
     5. Park JW,
     6. Patel T, et al.

     Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatol 2014; 60: 1268–1289.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
116. 116.↵
     1. Rosen CB,
     2. Heimbach JK,
     3. Gores GJ.

     Liver transplantation for cholangiocarcinoma. Transpl Int 2010; 23: 692–697.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
117. 117.↵
     1. Lerut JP,
     2. Orlando G,
     3. Adam R,
     4. Schiavo M,
     5. Klempnauer J,
     6. Mirza D, et al.

     The place of liver transplantation in the treatment of hepatic epitheloid hemangioendothelioma: Report of the European Liver Transplant Registry. Ann Surg 2007; 246: 949–957.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
118. 118.↵
     European Association for the Study of the Liver. Electronic address: [email protected]; European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of alcohol-related liver disease. J Hepatol 2018; 69: 154–181.

     OpenUrlPubMed
119. 119.↵
     1. Hakeem AR,
     2. Cockbain AJ,
     3. Raza SS,
     4. Pollard SG,
     5. Toogood GJ,
     6. Attia MA, et al.

     Increased morbidity in overweight and obese liver transplant recipients: A single-center experience of 1325 patients from the United Kingdom. Liver Transplant 2013; 19: 551–562.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
120. 120.↵
     1. Lowell JA.

     Nutritional assessment and therapy in patients requiring liver transplantation. Liver Transpl Surg 1996; 2 (5 Suppl 1): 79–88.

     OpenUrlPubMed
121. 121.↵
     1. Aduen JF,
     2. Sujay B,
     3. Dickson RC,
     4. Heckman MG,
     5. Hewitt WR,
     6. Stapelfeldt WH, et al.

     Outcomes after liver transplant in patients aged 70 years or older compared with those younger than 60 years. Mayo Clin Proc 2009; 84: 973–978.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
122. 122.↵
     1. Durand F,
     2. Levitsky J,
     3. Cauchy F,
     4. Gilgenkrantz H,
     5. Soubrane O,
     6. Francoz C.

     Age and liver transplantation. J Hepatol 2019; 70: 745–758.

     OpenUrlCrossRef
123. 123.↵
     1. An J,
     2. Shim JH,
     3. Kim SO,
     4. Lee D,
     5. Kim KM,
     6. Lim YS, et al.

     Prevalence and prediction of coronary artery disease in patients with liver cirrhosis: a registry-based matched case-control study. Circulation 2014; 130: 1353–1362.

     OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
124. 124.↵
     1. Wray C,
     2. Scovotti JC,
     3. Tobis J,
     4. Niemann CU,
     5. Planinsic R,
     6. Walia A, et al.

     Liver transplantation outcome in patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease: A multi-institutional study. Am J Transplant 2013; 13: 184–191.

     OpenUrl
125. 125.↵
     1. Koch DG,
     2. Fallon MB.

     Hepatopulmonary syndrome. Clin Liver Dis 2014; 18: 407–420.

     OpenUrl
126. 126.↵
     1. Arguedas MR,
     2. Abrams GA,
     3. Krowka MJ,
     4. Fallon MB.

     Prospective evaluation of outcomes and predictors of mortality in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome undergoing liver transplantation. Hepatology 2003; 37: 192–197.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
127. 127.↵
     1. Pastor CM,
     2. Schiffer E.

     Therapy insight: hepatopulmonary syndrome and orthotopic liver transplantation. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 4: 614–621.

     OpenUrlPubMed
128. 128.↵
     1. Ashfaq M,
     2. Chinnakotla S,
     3. Rogers L,
     4. Ausloos K,
     5. Saadeh S,
     6. Klintmalm GB, et al.

     The impact of treatment of portopulmonary hypertension on survival following liver transplantation. Am J Transplant 2007; 7: 1258–1264.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
129. 129.↵
     1. Swanson KL,
     2. Wiesner RH,
     3. Nyberg SL,
     4. Rosen CB,
     5. Krowka MJ.

     Survival in portopulmonary hypertension: Mayo Clinic experience categorized by treatment subgroups. Am J Transplant 2008; 8: 2445–2453.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
130. 130.↵
     1. Hoeper MM,
     2. Krowka MJ,
     3. Strassburg CP.

     Portopulmonary hypertension and hepatopulmonary syndrome. Lancet 2004; 636: 1461–1468.

     OpenUrl
131. 131.↵
     1. Fix OK,
     2. Bass NM,
     3. De Morco T,
     4. Merriman RB.

     Long-term follow-up of portopulmonary hypertension: Effect of treatment with epoprostenol. Liver Transplant 2007; 13: 875–885.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
132. 132.↵
     1. Fede G,
     2. D’Amico G,
     3. Arvaniti V,
     4. Tsochatzis E,
     5. Germani G,
     6. Georgiadis D, et al.

     Renal failure and cirrhosis: A systematic review of mortality and prognosis. J Hepatol 2012; 56: 810–818.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
133. 133.↵
     1. Wong F,
     2. Nadim MK,
     3. Kellum JA,
     4. Salerno F,
     5. Bellomo R,
     6. Gerbes A, et al.

     Working Party proposal for a revised classification system of renal dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis. Gut 2011; 60: 702–709.

     OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
134. 134.↵
     1. Eason JD,
     2. Gonwa TA,
     3. Davis CL,
     4. Sung RS,
     5. Gerber D,
     6. Bloom RD.

     Proceedings of Consensus Conference on Simultaneous Liver Kidney Transplantation (SLK). Am J Transplant 2008; 8: 2243–251.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
135. 135.↵
     1. Gustot T,
     2. Durand F,
     3. Lebrec D,
     4. Vincent JL,
     5. Moreau R.

     Severe sepsis in cirrhosis. Hepatology 2009; 50: 2022–2033.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
136. 136.↵
     1. Fagiuoli S,
     2. Colli A,
     3. Bruno R,
     4. Craxì A,
     5. Gaeta GB,
     6. Grossi P, et al.

     Management of infections pre- and post-liver transplantation: report of an AISF consensus conference. J Hepatol 2014; 60: 1075–1089.

     OpenUrl
137. 137.↵
     1. Liu BM,
     2. Chung KJ,
     3. Chen CH,
     4. Kung C Te,
     5. Ko SF,
     6. Liu PP, et al.

     Risk factors for the outcome of cirrhotic patients with soft tissue infections. J Clin Gastroenterol 2008; 42: 312–316.

     OpenUrlPubMed
138. 138.↵
     1. Lin MN,
     2. Tsai CC,
     3. Hung TH,
     4. Tsai CC.

     The risk of cellulitis in cirrhotic patients: A nationwide population-based study in Taiwan. Gut Liver 2012; 6: 482–485.

     OpenUrlPubMed
139. 139.↵
     1. Tandon P,
     2. Garcia-Tsao G.

     Bacterial infections, sepsis, and multiorgan failure in cirrhosis. Semin Liver Dis 2008; 28: 26–42.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
140. 140.↵
     1. Guggenheimer J,
     2. Eghtesad B,
     3. Close JM,
     4. Shay C,
     5. Fung JJ.

     Dental health status of liver transplant candidates. Liver Transpl 2007; 13: 280–286.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
141. 141.↵
     1. Caly WR,
     2. Strauss E.

     A prospective study of bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol 1993; 18: 353–358.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
142. 142.↵
     1. Niederman MS,
     2. Mandell LA,
     3. Anzueto A,
     4. Bass JB,
     5. Broughton WA,
     6. Campbell GD, et al.

     Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia diagnosis, assessment of severity, antimicrobial therapy, and prevention. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163: 1730–1754.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
143. 143.↵
     1. Samuel D,
     2. Weber R,
     3. Stock P,
     4. Duclos-Vallée JC,
     5. Terrault N.

     Are HIV-infected patients candidates for liver transplantation? J Hepatol 2008; 48: 697–707.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
144. 144.↵
     1. Terrault NA,
     2. Roland ME,
     3. Schiano T,
     4. Dove L,
     5. Wong MT,
     6. Poordad F, et al.

     Transplantation in HIV: Multi-Site Study Investigators. Outcomes of liver transplant recipients with hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection. Liver Transpl 2012; 18: 716–726.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
145. 145.↵
     1. Lenz P,
     2. Conrad B,
     3. Kucharzik T,
     4. Hilker E,
     5. Fegeler W,
     6. Ullerich H, et al.

     Prevalence, associations, and trends of biliary-tract candidiasis: a prospective observational study. Gastrointest Endosc 2009; 70: 480–487.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
146. 146.↵
     1. Kulaksiz H,
     2. Rudolph G,
     3. Kloeters-Plachky P,
     4. Sauer P,
     5. Geiss H,
     6. Stiehl A.

     Biliary candida infections in primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol 2006; 45: 711–716.

     OpenUrlPubMed
147. 147.↵
     1. Al-Adra DP,
     2. Hammel L,
     3. Roberts J,
     4. Woodle ES,
     5. Levine D,
     6. Mandelbrot D, et al.

     Pretransplant solid organ malignancy and organ transplant candidacy: A consensus expert opinion statement. Am J Transplant 2021; 21: 460–474.

     OpenUrl
148. 148.↵
     1. Asman Y,
     2. Evenson AR,
     3. Even-Sapir E,
     4. Shibolet O.

     [ 18 F]fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography as a prognostic tool before liver transplantation, resection, and loco-ablative therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Transplant 2015; 21: 572–580.

     OpenUrl
149. 149.↵
     1. Francoz C,
     2. Valla D,
     3. Durand F.

     Portal vein thrombosis, cirrhosis, and liver transplantation. Journal of Hepatology 2012; 57: 203–212.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
150. 150.↵
     1. Weinrieb RM,
     2. Lucey MR.

     Treatment of addictive behaviors in liver transplant patients. Treatment of addictive behaviors in liver transplant patients. Liver Transpl 2007; 13 (11 Suppl 2): S79–S82.

     OpenUrlPubMed
151. 151.↵
     1. Nickels M,
     2. Jain A,
     3. Sharma R,
     4. Orloff M,
     5. Tsoulfas G,
     6. Kashyap R,
     7. Bozorgzadeh A.

     Polysubstance abuse in liver transplant patients and its impact on survival outcome. Exp Clin Transplant 2007; 5: 680–685.

     OpenUrlPubMed
152. 152.↵
     1. Leithead JA,
     2. Ferguson JW,
     3. Hayes PC.

     Smoking-related morbidity and mortality following liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2008; 14: 1159–1164.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
153. 153.↵
     1. Pungpapong S,
     2. Manzarbeitia C,
     3. Ortiz J,
     4. Reich DJ,
     5. Araya V,
     6. Rothstein KD, et al.

     Cigarette smoking is associated with an increased incidence of vascular complications after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2002; 8: 582–587.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
154. 154.↵
     1. Starzl TE,
     2. Marchioro TL,
     3. Vonkaulla KN,
     4. Hermann G,
     5. Brittain RS,
     6. Waddell WR.

     Homotransplantation of the liver in humans. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1963; 117: 659–676.

     OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
155. 155.
     Organ Donation Statistics | Organ Donor [Internet]. [cited 2020 Jun 23]. Available from: https://www.organdonor.gov/statistics-stories/statistics.html
156. 156.↵
     1. Lucey M.

     Minimal criteria for placement of adults on the liver transplant waiting list: A report of a national conference organized by the American Society of Transplant Physicians and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Liver Transpl 1997; 3: 628–637.

     OpenUrl
157. 157.↵
     Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network; final rule revision of comment period and effective dates--HRSA. Extension of comment period and delay of effective date for the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. Fed Regist 1998; 63: 35847.

     OpenUrlPubMed
158. 158.↵
     1. Freeman RB,
     2. Wiesner RH,
     3. Edwards E,
     4. Harper A,
     5. Merion R,
     6. Wolfe R, et al.

     Results of the first year of the new liver allocation plan. Liver Transpl 2004; 10: 7–15. doi: 10.1002/lt.20024. PMID: 14755772.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
159. 159.↵
     1. Massie AB,
     2. Chow EKH,
     3. Wickliffe CE,
     4. Luo X,
     5. Gentry SE,
     6. Mulligan DC, et al.

     Early changes in liver distribution following implementation of Share 35. Am J Transplant 2015; 15: 659–667.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
160. 160.↵
     1. Jong HK,
     2. June SL,
     3. Seuk HL,
     4. Won KB,
     5. Kim NH,
     6. Kim KA, et al.

     The association between the serum sodium level and the severity of complications in liver cirrhosis. Korean J Intern Med 2009; 24: 106–112.

     OpenUrlPubMed
161. 161.↵
     1. Sharma P,
     2. Schaubel DE,
     3. Goodrich NP,
     4. Merion RM.

     Serum sodium and survival benefit of liver transplantation HHS public access. Liver Transpl 2015; 21: 308–313.

     OpenUrl
162. 162.↵
     1. de FREITAS ACT,
     2. Rampim AT,
     3. Nunes CP,
     4. Coelho JCU

     . Impact of meld sodium on liver transplantation waiting list. Arq Bras Cir Dig 2019; 32: e1460.

     OpenUrl
163. 163.↵
     1. Freeman RB,
     2. Gish RG,
     3. Harper A,
     4. Davis GL,
     5. Vierling J,
     6. Lieblein L, et al.

     Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) exception guidelines: results and recommendations from the MELD Exception Study Group and Conference (MESSAGE) for the approval of patients who need liver transplantation with diseases not considered by the standard MELD formula. Liver Transpl 2006; 12 (12 Suppl 3): S128–S136.

     OpenUrlPubMed
164. 164.↵
     1. Roayaie K,
     2. Feng S.

     Allocation policy for hepatocellular carcinoma in the MELD era: room for improvement? Liver Transpl 2007; 13 (11 Suppl 2): S36–S43.

     OpenUrlPubMed
165. 165.↵
     1. Pomfret EA,
     2. Washburn K,
     3. Wald C,
     4. Nalesnik MA,
     5. Douglas D,
     6. Russo M, et al.

     Report of a national conference on liver allocation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States. Report of a national conference on liver allocation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States. Liver Transpl 2010; 16: 262–278.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
166. 166.↵
     1. Kalra A,
     2. Wedd JP,
     3. Biggins SW.

     Changing prioritization for transplantation: MELD-Na, hepatocellular carcinoma exceptions, and more. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2016; 21: 120–126.

     OpenUrl
167. 167.↵
     HRSA. HCC policy changes affect applications for non-automatic exception requests. [cited 2015]. Available from: https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/news/hcc-policy-changes-affect-applications-for-non-automatic-exception-requests/
168. 168.↵
     1. Hameed B,
     2. Mehta N,
     3. Sapisochin G,
     4. Roberts JP,
     5. Yao FY.

     Alpha-fetoprotein level >1000 ng/mL as an exclusion criterion for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma meeting the Milan criteria. Liver Transpl 2014; 20: 945–951.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
169. 169.↵
     1. Yao FY,
     2. Mehta N,
     3. Flemming J,
     4. Dodge J,
     5. Hameed B,
     6. Fix O, et al.

     Downstaging of hepatocellular cancer before liver transplant: Long-term outcome compared to tumors within Milan criteria. Hepatology 2015; 61: 1968–1977.

     OpenUrl
170. 170.↵
     1. Than NN.

     Pulmonary complications of liver cirrhosis: A concise review. [Update 2017 March 17]. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/55444
171. 171.↵
     1. Voigt MD,
     2. Hunsicker LG,
     3. Snyder JJ,
     4. Israni AK,
     5. Kasiske BL.

     Regional variability in liver waiting list removals causes false ascertainment of waiting list deaths. Am J Transplant 2013; 13: 369–375.

     OpenUrl
172. 172.↵
     1. Umscheid CA,
     2. Mitchell MD,
     3. Doshi JA,
     4. Agarwal R,
     5. Williams K,
     6. Brennan PJ.

     Estimating the proportion of healthcare-associated infections that are reasonably preventable and the related mortality and costs. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2011; 32: 101–114.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
173. 173.
     1. Bunchorntavakul C,
     2. Chamroonkul N,
     3. Chavalitdhamrong D.

     Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: A critical review and practical guidance. World J Hepatol 2016; 8: 307–321.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
174. 174.
     1. Louie TJ,
     2. Miller MA,
     3. Mullane KM,
     4. Weiss K,
     5. Lentnek A,
     6. Golan Y, et al.

     Fidaxomicin versus Vancomycin for Clostridium difficile Infection. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 422–431.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
175. 175.
     1. Tripathi D,
     2. Stanley AJ,
     3. Hayes PC,
     4. Patch D,
     5. Millson C,
     6. Mehrzad H, et al.

     Clinical Services and Standards Committee of the British Society of Gastroenterology. U.K. guidelines on the management of variceal haemorrhage in cirrhotic patients. Gut 2015; 64: 1680–1704.

     OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
176. 176.
     1. Garcia-Tsao G,
     2. Sanyal AJ,
     3. Grace ND,
     4. Carey W,
     5. Shuhart MC,
     6. Davis GL, et al.

     Prevention and management of gastroesophageal varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis. Hepatology 2007; 46: 922–938.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
177. 177.
     1. Martnllah M,
     2. Guevara M,
     3. Torre A,
     4. Fagundes C,
     5. Restuccia T,
     6. Gilabert R, et al.

     Prognostic importance of the cause of renal failure in patients with cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2011; 140: 488.e4–496.e4.

     OpenUrl
178. 178.
     1. Runyon BA.

     Introduction to the revised American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Practice Guideline management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis 2012. Hepatology 2013; 57: 1651–1653.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
179. 179.
     1. Vilstrup H,
     2. Amodio P,
     3. Bajaj J,
     4. Cordoba J,
     5. Ferenci P,
     6. Mullen KD, et al.

     Hepatic Encephalopathy in Chronic Liver Disease: 2014 Practice Guideline by the European Association for the Study of the Liver and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. J Hepatol 2014; 61: 642–659.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
180. 180.
     1. Kim WR,
     2. Biggins SW,
     3. Kremers WK,
     4. Wiesner RH,
     5. Kamath PS,
     6. Benson JT, et al.

     Hyponatremia and mortality among patients on the liver-transplant waiting list. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 1018–1026.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
181. 181.↵
     1. Schrier RW,
     2. Gross P,
     3. Gheorghiade M,
     4. Berl T,
     5. Verbalis JG,
     6. Czerwiec FS, et al.

     Tolvaptan, a selective oral vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist, for hyponatremia. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 2099–2112.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
182. 182.↵
     1. Larosa C,
     2. Jorge Baluarte H,
     3. Meyers KEC.

     Outcomes in pediatric solid-organ transplantation. Pediatr Transplant 2011; 15: 128–141.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
183. 183.↵
     1. Karakayali H,
     2. Ozcay F,
     3. Sevmis S,
     4. Savas N,
     5. Haberal M.

     Liver transplantation for small babies. Transplant Proc 2007; 39: 1153–1156.

     OpenUrlPubMed
184. 184.↵
     1. Miller CM,
     2. Gondolesi GE,
     3. Florman S,
     4. Matsumoto C,
     5. Muñoz L,
     6. Yoshizumi T, et al.

     One hundred nine living donor liver transplants in adults and children: a single-center experience. Ann Surg 2001; 234: 301–311; discussion 311-2.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
185. 185.↵
     1. Raia S,
     2. Nery J,
     3. Mies S.

     Liver transplantation from live donors. Lancet 1989; 334: 497.

     OpenUrl
186. 186.↵
     1. Broelsch CE,
     2. Whitington PF,
     3. Emond JC,
     4. Heffron TG,
     5. Thistlethwaite JR,
     6. Stevens L, et al.

     Liver transplantation in children from living related donors: Surgical techniques and results. Ann Surg 1991; 214: 428–437

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
187. 187.↵
     1. Sindhi R,
     2. Rosendale J,
     3. Mundy D,
     4. Taranto S,
     5. Baliga P,
     6. Reuben A, et al.

     Impact of segmental grafts on pediatric liver transplantation--a review of the United Network for Organ Sharing Scientific Registry data (1990-1996). J Pediatr Surg 1999; 34: 107–110.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
188. 188.↵
     1. Broelsch C.

     Living donor for liver transplantation. Hepatology 1994; 20: S49–S55.

     OpenUrlPubMed
189. 189.↵
     1. Shagrani M,
     2. Burkholder J,
     3. Broering D,
     4. Abouelhoda M,
     5. Faquih T,
     6. El-Kalioby M, et al.

     Genetic profiling of children with advanced cholestatic liver disease. Clin Genet 2017; 92: 52–61.

     OpenUrl
190. 190.↵
     1. Rawal N,
     2. Yazigi N.

     Pediatric liver transplantation. Pediatr Clin North Am 2017; 64: 677–684.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
191. 191.↵
     1. Pham YH,
     2. Miloh T.

     Liver transplantation in children. Clin Liver Dis 2018; 22: 807–821.

     OpenUrl
192. 192.↵
     1. Clayton RJ,
     2. Iber FL,
     3. Ruebner BH,
     4. McKusick VA.

     Byler disease. Fatal familial intrahepatic cholestasis in an Amish kindred. Am J Dis Child 1969; 117: 112–124.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
193. 193.↵
     1. Fagiuoli S,
     2. Daina E,
     3. D’Antiga L,
     4. Colledan M,
     5. Remuzzi G.

     Monogenic diseases that can be cured by liver transplantation. J Hepatol 2013; 59: 595–612.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
194. 194.↵
     1. Sundaram SS,
     2. Sokol RJ.

     The Multiple Facets of ABCB4 (MDR3) Deficiency. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol 2007; 10: 495–503.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
195. 195.↵
     1. Yagi T,
     2. Takagi K,
     3. Umeda Y,
     4. Yoshida R,
     5. Nobuoka D,
     6. Kuise T, et al.

     Prognostic factors for pediatric living donor liver transplantation: Impact of zero-mortality transplant for cholestatic diseases. Acta Med Okayama 2018; 72: 567–576.

     OpenUrl
196. 196.↵
     1. Sambrotta M,
     2. Thompson RJ.

     Mutations in TJP2, encoding zona occludens 2, and liver disease. Tissue Barriers 2015; 3: e1026537.

     OpenUrl
197. 197.↵
     1. Clayton PT,
     2. Leonard J V.,
     3. Lawson AM,
     4. Setchell KD,
     5. Andersson S,
     6. Egestad B, et al.

     Familial giant cell hepatitis associated with synthesis of 3 beta, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-and 3 beta,7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5-cholenoic acids. J Clin Invest 1987; 79: 1031–1038.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
198. 198.↵
     1. Clayton PT.

     Disorders of bile acid synthesis. J Inherit Metab Dis 2011; 34: 593–604.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
199. 199.↵
     1. Kamath BM,
     2. Yin W,
     3. Miller H,
     4. Anand R,
     5. Rand EB,
     6. Alonso E, et al.

     Outcomes of liver transplantation for patients with Alagille syndrome: the studies of pediatric liver transplantation experience. Liver Transpl 2012; 18: 940–948.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
200. 200.↵
     1. Abouelhoda M,
     2. Sobahy T,
     3. El-Kalioby M,
     4. Patel N,
     5. Shamseldin H,
     6. Monies D, et al.

     Clinical genomics can facilitate countrywide estimation of autosomal recessive disease burden. Genet Med 2016; 18: 1244–1249.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
201. 201.↵
     1. Togawa T,
     2. Sugiura T,
     3. Ito K,
     4. Endo T,
     5. Aoyama K,
     6. Ohashi K, et al.

     Molecular genetic dissection and neonatal/infantile intrahepatic cholestasis using targeted next-generation sequencing. J Pediatr 2016; 171: 171–177.e4.

     OpenUrl
202. 202.↵
     1. Bezerra JA,
     2. Wells RG,
     3. Mack CL,
     4. Karpen SJ,
     5. Hoofnagle JH,
     6. Doo E, et al.

     Biliary atresia: Clinical and research challenges for the twenty-first century. Hepatology 2018; 68: 1163–1173.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
203. 203.↵
     1. Superina R.

     Biliary atresia and liver transplantation: results and thoughts for primary liver transplantation in select patients. Pediatr Surg Int 2017; 33: 1297–1304.

     OpenUrlCrossRef
204. 204.↵
     1. Sundaram SS,
     2. Mack CL,
     3. Feldman AG,
     4. Sokol RJ.

     Biliary atresia: Indications and timing of liver transplantation and optimization of pretransplant care. Liver Transpl 2017; 23: 96–109.

     OpenUrlCrossRef
205. 205.↵
     1. Kido J,
     2. Matsumoto S,
     3. Mitsubuchi H,
     4. Endo F,
     5. Nakamura K.

     Early liver transplantation in neonatal-onset and moderate urea cycle disorders may lead to normal neurodevelopment. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33: 1517–1523.

     OpenUrl
206. 206.↵
     1. Moses SW.

     Pathophysiology and dietary treatment of the glycogen storage diseases. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1990; 11: 155–174.

     OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
207. 207.↵
     1. Coire CI,
     2. Qizilbash AH,
     3. Castelli MF.

     Hepatic adenomata in type Ia glycogen storage disease. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1987; 111: 166–169.

     OpenUrlPubMed
208. 208.↵
     1. Matern D,
     2. Starzl TE,
     3. Arnaout W,
     4. Barnard J,
     5. Bynon JS,
     6. Dhawan A, et al.

     Liver transplantation for glycogen storage disease types I, III, and IV. Eur J Pediatr 1999; 158 (Suppl 2): S43–S48.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
209. 209.↵
     1. Bahador A,
     2. Dehghani SM,
     3. Geramizadeh B,
     4. Nikeghbalian S,
     5. Bahador M,
     6. Malekhosseini SA, et al.

     Liver transplant for children with hepatocellular carcinoma and hereditary tyrosinemia type 1. Exp Clin Transplant 2015; 13: 329–332.

     OpenUrl
210. 210.↵
     European Liver Transplant Registry - ELTR. [cited 2020 Jun 25]. Available from: http://www.eltr.org/
211. 211.↵
     HRSA. The Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. [cited 2020 Jun 25]. Available from: https://srtr.transplant.hrsa.gov/
212. 212.↵
     1. Emre S,
     2. Gondolesi GE,
     3. Muñoz-Abraham AS,
     4. Emre G,
     5. Rodriguez-Davalos MI.

     Pediatric liver transplantation: A surgical perspective and new concepts. Curr Transplant Reports 2014; 1: 224–231.

     OpenUrl
213. 213.↵
     1. Squires RH,
     2. Ng V,
     3. Romero R,
     4. Ekong U,
     5. Hardikar W,
     6. Emre S, et al.

     AASLD Practice Guideline: Evaluation of the Pediatric Patient for Liver Transplantation: 2014 Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American Society of Transplantation and the North American Society for Pediatric. Hepatology 2014; 60: 362–398.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
214. 214.
     1. Spada M,
     2. Riva S,
     3. Maggiore G,
     4. Cintorino D,
     5. Gridelli B.

     Pediatric liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15: 648–674.

     OpenUrlPubMed
215. 215.↵
     1. Schiano TD,
     2. Kim-Schluger L,
     3. Gondolesi G,
     4. Miller CM.

     Adult living donor liver transplantation: The hepatologist’s perspective. Hepatology 2001; 33: 3–9.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
216. 216.↵
     1. Ersoy Z,
     2. Kaplan S,
     3. Ozdemirkan A,
     4. Torgay A,
     5. Arslan G,
     6. Pirat A, et al.

     Effect of graft weight to recipient body weight ratio on hemodynamic and metabolic parameters in pediatric liver transplant: A retrospective analysis. Exp Clin Transplant 2017; 15 (Suppl 1): 53–56.

     OpenUrl
217. 217.↵
     1. Kiuchi T,
     2. Kasahara M,
     3. Uryuhara K,
     4. Inomata Y,
     5. Uemoto S,
     6. Asonuma K, et al.

     Impact of graft size mismatching on graft prognosis in liver transplantation from living donors. Transplantation 1999; 67: 321–327.

     OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
218. 218.↵
     1. Kasahara M,
     2. Sakamoto S,
     3. Umeshita K,
     4. Uemoto S.

     Effect of graft size matching on pediatric living-donor liver transplantation in Japan. Exp Clin Transplant 2014; 12 (Suppl 1): 1–4.

     OpenUrl
219. 219.↵
     1. Lo CM,
     2. Fan ST,
     3. Liu CL,
     4. Chan JK,
     5. Lam BK,
     6. Lau GK, et al.

     Minimum graft size for successful living donor liver transplantation. Transplantation 1999; 68: 1112–1116.

     OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
220. 220.↵
     1. Yamamoto S,
     2. Wilczek HE,
     3. Nowak G,
     4. Larsson M,
     5. Oksanen A,
     6. Iwata T, et al.

     Liver transplantation for familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP): A single-center experience over 16 years. Am J Transplant 2007; 7: 2597–2604.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
221. 221.↵
     1. Pacheco-Moreira LF,
     2. de Oliveira ME,
     3. Balbi E,
     4. da Silva AC,
     5. Miecznikowski R,
     6. Auler de Faria LJ, et al.

     A new technical option for domino liver transplantation. Liver Transplant 2003; 9: 632–633.

     OpenUrlPubMed
222. 222.↵
     1. Moon JI,
     2. Kwon CHD,
     3. Joh JW,
     4. Jung GO,
     5. Choi GS,
     6. Park JB, et al.

     Safety of small-for-size grafts in adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation using the right lobe. Liver Transplant 2010; 16: 864–869.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
223. 223.↵
     1. Lodge JPA,
     2. Dasgupta D,
     3. Prasad KR,
     4. Attia M,
     5. Toogood GJ,
     6. Davies M, et al.

     Emergency subtotal hepatectomy: A new concept for acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure: Temporary hepatic support by auxiliary orthotopic liver transplantation enables long-term success. Ann Surg 2008; 247: 238–249.

     OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
224. 224.↵
     1. Rela M,
     2. Muiesan P,
     3. Vilca-Melendez H,
     4. Dhawan A,
     5. Baker A,
     6. Mieli-Vergani G, et al.

     Auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation for Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 1. Ann Surg 1999; 229: 565–569.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
225. 225.↵
     1. Brandsœter B,
     2. Höckerstedt K,
     3. Friman S,
     4. Ericzon BG,
     5. Kirkegaard P,
     6. Isoniemi H, et al.

     Fulminant hepatic failure: Outcome after listing for highly urgent liver transplantation - 12 Years experience in the Nordic countries. Liver Transplant 2002; 8: 1055–1062.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
226. 226.↵
     1. Liou IW,
     2. Larson AM.

     Role of liver transplantation in acute liver failure. Semin Liver Dis 2008; 28: 201–209.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
227. 227.↵
     1. van Hoek B,
     2. de Boer J,
     3. Boudjema K,
     4. Williams R,
     5. Corsmit O,
     6. Terpstra OT.

     Auxiliary versus orthotopic liver transplantation for acute liver failure. EURALT Study Group. European Auxiliary Liver Transplant Registry. J Hepatol 1999; 30: 699–705.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
228. 228.↵
     1. Broering DC,
     2. Schulte am Esch J,
     3. Fischer L,
     4. Rogiers X.

     Split liver transplantation. HPB (Oxford) 2004; 6: 76–82.

     OpenUrlPubMed
229. 229.↵
     1. Pichlmayr R,
     2. Ringe B,
     3. Gubernatis G,
     4. Hauss J,
     5. Bunzendahl H.

     [Transplantation of a donor liver to 2 recipients (splitting transplantation)--a new method in the further development of segmental liver transplantation]. Langenbecks Arch Chir 1988; 373: 127–130. German.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
230. 230.↵
     1. Vagefi PA,
     2. Parekh J,
     3. Ascher NL,
     4. Roberts JP,
     5. Freise CE.

     Outcomes with split liver transplantation in 106 recipients: The University of California, San Francisco, experience from 1993 to 2010. Arch Surg 2011; 146: 1052–1059.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
231. 231.↵
     1. Lee WC,
     2. Chan KM,
     3. Chou HS,
     4. Wu TJ,
     5. Lee CF,
     6. Soong RS, et al.

     Feasibility of split liver transplantation for 2 adults in the model of end-stage liver disease era. Ann Surg 2013; 258: 306–311.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
232. 232.↵
     1. Hackl C,
     2. Schmidt KM,
     3. Süsal C,
     4. Döhler B,
     5. Zidek M,
     6. Schlitt HJ.

     Split liver transplantation: Current developments. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24: 5312–5321.

     OpenUrlCrossRef
233. 233.↵
     1. Singer PA,
     2. Siegler M,
     3. Whitington PF,
     4. Lantos JD,
     5. Emond JC,
     6. Thistlethwaite JR, et al.

     Ethics of Liver Transplantation with Living Donors. N Engl J Med 1989; 321: 620–622.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
234. 234.↵
     1. Tanaka K,
     2. Ogura Y,
     3. Kiuchi T,
     4. Inomata Y,
     5. Uemoto S,
     6. Furukawa H.

     Living donor liver transplantation: Eastern experiences. HPB (Oxford) 2004; 6: 88–94.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
235. 235.↵
     1. Yamaoka Y,
     2. Washida M,
     3. Honda K,
     4. Tanaka K,
     5. Mori K,
     6. Shimahara Y,
     7. Okamoto S,
     8. Ueda M,
     9. Hayashi M,
     10. Tanaka A, et al.

     Liver transplantation using a right lobe graft from a living related donor. Transplantation 1994; 57: 1127–1130.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
236. 236.↵
     1. Adam R,
     2. Karam V,
     3. Delvart V,
     4. O’Grady J,
     5. Mirza D,
     6. Klempnauer J, et al.

     Evolution of indications and results of liver transplantation in Europe. A report from the European Liver Transplant Registry (ELTR). J Hepatol 2012; 57: 675–688.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
237. 237.↵
     1. Dindo D,
     2. Demartines N,
     3. Clavien PA.

     Classification of surgical complications: A new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg 2004; 240: 205–213.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
238. 238.↵
     1. Hwang S,
     2. Lee SG,
     3. Lee YJ,
     4. Sung KB,
     5. Park KM,
     6. Kim KH, et al.

     Lessons learned from 1,000 living donor liver transplantations in a single center: How to make living donations safe. Liver Transplant 2006; 12: 920–927.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
239. 239.↵
     1. Abecassis MM,
     2. Fisher RA,
     3. Olthoff KM,
     4. Freise CE,
     5. Rodrigo DR,
     6. Samstein B, et al.

     Complications of living donor hepatic lobectomy-A comprehensive report. Am J Transplant 2012; 12: 1208–1217.

     OpenUrlPubMed
240. 240.↵
     1. Iwasaki J,
     2. Iida T,
     3. Mizumoto M,
     4. Uemura T,
     5. Yagi S,
     6. Hori T, et al.

     Donor morbidity in right and left hemiliver living donor liver transplantation: the impact of graft selection and surgical innovation on donor safety. Transpl Int 2014; 27: 1205–1213.

     OpenUrl
241. 241.↵
     1. Bekker J,
     2. Ploem S,
     3. De Jong KP.

     Early hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation: A systematic review of the incidence, outcome and risk factors. Am J Transplant 2009; 9: 746–757.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
242. 242.↵
     1. Mourad MM,
     2. Liossis C,
     3. Gunson BK,
     4. Mergental H,
     5. Isaac J,
     6. Muiesan P, et al.

     Etiology and management of hepatic artery thrombosis after adult liver transplantation. Liver Transplant 2014; 20: 713–723.

     OpenUrl
243. 243.↵
     1. Rull R,
     2. Garcia Valdecasas JC,
     3. Grande L,
     4. Fuster J,
     5. Lacy AM,
     6. Gonzalez FX, et al.

     Intrahepatic biliary lesions after orthotopic liver transplantation. Transpl Int 2001; 14: 129–134.

     OpenUrlPubMed
244. 244.↵
     1. Duffy JP,
     2. Hong JC,
     3. Farmer DG,
     4. Ghobrial RM,
     5. Yersiz H,
     6. Hiatt JR, et al.

     Vascular Complications of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation: Experience in More than 4,200 Patients. J Am Coll Surg 2009; 208: 896–903.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
245. 245.↵
     1. Babyn PS.

     Imaging of the transplant liver. Pediatr Radiol 2010; 40: 442–446.

     OpenUrlPubMed
246. 246.↵
     1. Voulgarelis S,
     2. Vitola B,
     3. Lerret SM,
     4. Hong JC,
     5. Scott JP.

     Perioperative anticoagulation practices for pediatric liver transplantation. Pediatr Transplant 2018; 22: e13193.

     OpenUrl
247. 247.↵
     1. Rodriguez-Davalos MI,
     2. Arvelakis A,
     3. Umman V,
     4. Tanjavur V,
     5. Yoo PS,
     6. Kulkarni S, et al.

     Segmental grafts in adult and pediatric liver transplantation: Improving outcomes by minimizing vascular complications. JAMA Surg 2014; 149: 63–70.

     OpenUrl
248. 248.↵
     1. Saad WEA,
     2. Davies MG,
     3. Sahler L,
     4. Lee DE,
     5. Patel NC,
     6. Kitanosono T, et al.

     Hepatic artery stenosis in liver transplant recipients: Primary treatment with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2005; 16: 795–805.

     OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
249. 249.↵
     1. Lee JM,
     2. Ko G-Y,
     3. Sung K-B,
     4. Gwon D Il,
     5. Yoon H-K,
     6. Lee S-G.

     Long-term efficacy of stent placement for treating inferior vena cava stenosis following liver transplantation. Liver Transplant 2010; 16: 513–59.

     OpenUrlPubMed
250. 250.↵
     1. Guimarães M,
     2. Uflacker R,
     3. Schönholz C,
     4. Hannegan C,
     5. Selby JB.

     Stent migration complicating treatment of inferior vena cava stenosis after orthotopic liver transplantation. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2005; 16: 1247–1252.

     OpenUrlPubMed
251. 251.↵
     1. Audet M,
     2. Piardi T,
     3. Panaro F,
     4. Cag M,
     5. Habibeh H,
     6. Gheza F, et al.

     Four hundred and twenty-three consecutive adults piggy-back liver transplantations with the three suprahepatic veins: Was the portal systemic shunt required? J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 25: 591–596.

     OpenUrlPubMed
252. 252.↵
     1. Uller W,
     2. Knoppke B,
     3. Schreyer AG,
     4. Heiss P,
     5. Schlitt HJ,
     6. Melter M, et al.

     Interventional radiological treatment of perihepatic vascular stenosis or occlusion in pediatric patients after liver transplantation. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2013; 36: 1562–1571.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
253. 253.↵
     1. Bhangui P,
     2. Lim C,
     3. Salloum C,
     4. Andreani P,
     5. Sebbagh M,
     6. Hoti E, et al.

     Caval inflow to the graft for liver transplantation in patients with diffuse portal vein thrombosis: A 12-Year experience. Ann Surg 2011; 254: 1008–1016.

     OpenUrlPubMed
254. 254.↵
     1. Moon JI,
     2. Jung GO,
     3. Choi GS,
     4. Kim JM,
     5. Shin M,
     6. Kim EY, et al.

     Risk factors for portal vein complications after pediatric living donor liver transplantation with left-sided grafts. In: Transplantation Proceedings. Transplant Proc 2010; 42: 871–875.

     OpenUrlPubMed
255. 255.↵
     1. Londoño MC,
     2. Balderramo D,
     3. Cárdenas A.

     Management of biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation: The role of endoscopy. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14: 493–497.

     OpenUrlPubMed
256. 256.↵
     1. Sánchez Cabús S,
     2. Calatayud D,
     3. García-Roca R,
     4. Ferrer J,
     5. Martí J,
     6. Navasa M, et al.

     Las complicaciones biliares en el trasplante hepático de donante vivo no afectan los resultados a largo plazo. Cir Esp 2013; 91: 17–24. Spanish.

     OpenUrl
257. 257.↵
     1. Selck FW,
     2. Grossman EB,
     3. Ratner LE,
     4. Renz JF.

     Utilization, outcomes, and retransplantation of liver allografts from donation after cardiac death: Implications for further expansion of the deceased-donor pool. Ann Surg 2008; 248: 599–607.

     OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
258. 258.↵
     1. Graziadei IW,
     2. Wiesner RH,
     3. Batts KP,
     4. Marotta PJ,
     5. Larusso NF,
     6. Porayko MK, et al.

     Recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis following liver transplantation. Hepatology 1999; 29: 1050–1056.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
259. 259.↵
     1. Fosby B,
     2. Karlsen TH,
     3. Melum E.

     Recurrence and rejection in liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18: 1–15.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
260. 260.↵
     1. Nishida S,
     2. Nakamura N,
     3. Kadono J,
     4. Komokata T,
     5. Sakata R,
     6. Madariaga JR, et al.

     Intrahepatic biliary strictures after liver transplantation. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2006; 13: 511–516.

     OpenUrlPubMed
261. 261.↵
     1. Sharma S,
     2. Gurakar A,
     3. Jabbour N.

     Biliary strictures following liver transplantation: Past, present and preventive strategies. Liver Transpl 2008; 14: 759–769.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
262. 262.↵
     1. Anderson CD,
     2. Turmelle YP,
     3. Darcy M,
     4. Shepherd RW,
     5. Weymann A,
     6. Nadler M, et al.

     Biliary strictures in pediatric liver transplant recipients - Early diagnosis and treatment results in excellent graft outcomes. Pediatr Transplant. 2010; 14: 358–363.

     OpenUrlPubMed
263. 263.↵
     1. Tanaka H,
     2. Fukuda A,
     3. Shigeta T,
     4. Kuroda T,
     5. Kimura T,
     6. Sakamoto S, et al.

     Biliary reconstruction in pediatric live donor liver transplantation: Duct-to-duct or Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. J Pediatr Surg 2010; 45: 1668–16675.

     OpenUrlPubMed
264. 264.↵
     1. Verdonk RC,
     2. Buis CI,
     3. Porte RJ,
     4. van der Jagt EJ,
     5. Limburg AJ,
     6. van den Berg AP, et al.

     Anastomotic biliary strictures after liver transplantation: Causes and consequences. Liver Transplant 2006; 12: 726–735.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
265. 265.↵
     1. Kelly DA,
     2. Bucuvalas JC,
     3. Alonso EM,
     4. Karpen SJ,
     5. Allen U,
     6. Green M, et al.

     Long-term medical management of the pediatric patient after liver transplantation: 2013 practice guideline by the American association for the study of liver diseases and the American society of transplantation. Liver Transplant 2013; 19: 798–825.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
266. 266.↵
     1. Linhares MM,
     2. Gonzalez AM,
     3. Goldman SM,
     4. Coelho RDS,
     5. Sato NY,
     6. Moura RMAM, et al.

     Magnetic resonance cholangiography in the diagnosis of biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2004; 36: 947–948.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
267. 267.↵
     1. Moreira AM,
     2. Carnevale FC,
     3. Tannuri U,
     4. Suzuki L,
     5. Gibelli N,
     6. Maksoud JG, et al.

     Long-term results of percutaneous bilioenteric anastomotic stricture treatment in liver-transplanted children. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2010; 33: 90–96.

     OpenUrlPubMed
268. 268.↵
     1. Sung RS,
     2. Campbell DA,
     3. Rudich SM,
     4. Punch JD,
     5. Shieck VL,
     6. Armstrong JM, et al.

     Long-term follow-up of percutaneous transhepatic balloon cholangioplasty in the management of biliary strictures after liver transplantation. Transplantation 2004; 77: 110–115.

     OpenUrlPubMed
269. 269.↵
     1. Shah SA,
     2. Grant DR,
     3. McGilvray ID,
     4. Greig PD,
     5. Selzner M,
     6. Lilly LB, et al.

     Biliary strictures in 130 consecutive right lobe living donor liver transplant recipients: Results of a western center. Am J Transplant 2007; 7: 161–167.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
270. 270.↵
     1. Hwang S,
     2. Lee SG,
     3. Sung KB,
     4. Park KM,
     5. Kim KH,
     6. Ahn CS, et al.

     Long-term incidence, risk factors, and management of biliary complications after adult living donor liver transplantation. Liver Transplant 2006; 12: 831–838.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
271. 271.↵
     1. Tashiro H,
     2. Itamoto T,
     3. Sasaki T,
     4. Ohdan H,
     5. Fudaba Y,
     6. Amano H, et al.

     Biliary complications after duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction in living-donor liver transplantation: Causes and treatment. World J Surg 2007; 31: 2222–2229.

     OpenUrlPubMed
272. 272.↵
     1. Soubrane O,
     2. Meteini M El,
     3. Devictor D,
     4. Bernard O,
     5. Houssin D.

     Risk and prognostic factors of gut perforation after orthotopic liver transplantation for biliary atresia. Vol. 1, Liver Transplantation and Surgery. Liver Transpl Surg 1995; 1: 2–9.

     OpenUrl
273. 273.↵
     1. Beierle EA,
     2. Nicolette LA,
     3. Billmire DF,
     4. Vinocur CD,
     5. Weintraub WH,
     6. Dunn SP.

     Gastrointestinal perforation after pediatric orthotopic liver transplantation. J Pediatr Surg 1998; 33: 240–242.

     OpenUrlPubMed
274. 274.↵
     1. Yoo PS,
     2. Umman V,
     3. Rodriguez-Davalos MI,
     4. Emre SH.

     Retransplantation of the liver: Review of current literature for decision making and technical considerations. Transplant Proc 2013; 45: 854–859.

     OpenUrl
275. 275.↵
     1. Pfitzmann R,
     2. Benscheidt B,
     3. Langrehr JM,
     4. Schumacher G,
     5. Neuhaus R,
     6. Neuhaus P.

     Trends and experiences in liver retransplantation over 15 years. Liver Transpl. 2007; 13: 248–257.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
276. 276.↵
     1. Abdelfattah MR,
     2. Al-Sebayel M,
     3. Broering D.

     An analysis of outcomes of liver retransplant in adults: 12-year’s single-center experience. Exp Clin Transplant 2015; 13: 95–99.

     OpenUrl
277. 277.↵
     1. Chen GH,
     2. Fu BS,
     3. Cai CJ,
     4. Lu MQ,
     5. Yang Y,
     6. Yi SH, et al.

     A Single-center experience of retransplantation for liver transplant recipients with a failing graft. Transplant Proc 2008; 40: 1485–1487.

     OpenUrlPubMed
278. 278.↵
     1. Watt KDS,
     2. Lyden ER,
     3. McCashland TM.

     Poor survival after liver retransplantation: Is hepatitis C to blame? Liver Transpl 2003; 9: 1019–1024.

     OpenUrlPubMed
279. 279.↵
     1. Ghabril M,
     2. Dickson R,
     3. Wiesner R.

     Improving Outcomes of Liver Retransplantation: An Analysis of Trends and the Impact of Hepatitis C Infection. Am J Transplant 2008; 8: 404–411.

     OpenUrlPubMed
280. 280.
     1. Yao FY,
     2. Saab S,
     3. Bass NM,
     4. Hirose R,
     5. Ly D,
     6. Terrault N, et al.

     Prediction of survival after liver retransplantation for late graft failure based on preoperative prognostic scores. Hepatology 2004; 39: 230–238.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
281. 281.↵
     1. Rosen HR,
     2. Madden JP,
     3. Martin P.

     A model to predict survival following liver retransplantation. Hepatology 1999; 29: 365–370.

     OpenUrl
282. 282.↵
     1. Bhat M,
     2. Al-Busafi SA,
     3. Deschênes M,
     4. Ghali P.

     Care of the liver transplant patient. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 28: 213.

     OpenUrl
283. 283.↵
     1. Lucey MR,
     2. Terrault N,
     3. Ojo L,
     4. Hay JE,
     5. Neuberger J,
     6. Blumberg E, et al.

     Long-term management of the successful adult liver transplant: 2012 practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the American Society of Transplantation. Liver Transpl 2013; 19: 3–26.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
284. 284.↵
     1. McAlister VC,
     2. Haddad E,
     3. Renouf E,
     4. Malthaner RA,
     5. Kjaer MS,
     6. Gluud LL.

     Cyclosporin versus tacrolimus as primary immunosuppressant after liver transplantation: A meta-analysis. Am J Transplant 2006; 6: 1578–1585.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
285. 285.↵
     1. O’Grady JG,
     2. Hardy P,
     3. Burroughs AK,
     4. Elbourne D,
     5. Gimson A,
     6. Jamieson N, et al.

     Randomized controlled trial of tacrolimus versus microemulsified cyclosporin (TMC) in liver transplantation: Poststudy surveillance to 3 years. Am J Transplant 2007; 7: 137–141.

     OpenUrlPubMed
286. 286.↵
     1. Cruz RJ,
     2. Dimartini A,
     3. Akhavanheidari M,
     4. Iacovoni N,
     5. Boardman JF,
     6. Donaldson J, et al.

     Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in liver transplant patients: Clinical presentation, risk factors and initial management. Am J Transplant 2012; 12: 2228–2236.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
287. 287.↵
     1. Dumortier J,
     2. Guillaud O,
     3. Boillot O.

     Conversion from twice daily tacrolimus to once daily tacrolimus in long-term stable liver transplant recipients: A single-center experience with 394 patients. Liver Transpl 2013; 19: 529–533.

     OpenUrl
288. 288.↵
     1. Trunečka P,
     2. Boillot O,
     3. Seehofer D,
     4. Pinna AD,
     5. Fischer L,
     6. Ericzon BG, et al.

     Once-daily prolonged-release tacrolimus (ADVAGRAF) versus twice-daily tacrolimus (PROGRAF) in liver transplantation. Am J Transplant 2010; 10: 2313–2323.

     OpenUrlPubMed
289. 289.↵
     1. Beckebaum S,
     2. Iacob S,
     3. Sweid D,
     4. Sotiropoulos GC,
     5. Saner F,
     6. Kaiser G, et al.

     Efficacy, safety, and immunosuppressant adherence in stable liver transplant patients converted from a twice-daily tacrolimus-based regimen to once-daily tacrolimus extended-release formulation. Transpl Int 2011; 24: 666–675.

     OpenUrlPubMed
290. 290.↵
     1. Wiesner R,
     2. Rabkin J,
     3. Klintmalm G,
     4. McDiarmid S,
     5. Langnas A,
     6. Punch J, et al.

     A randomized double-blind comparative study of mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine in combination with cyclosporine and corticosteroids in primary liver transplant recipients. Liver Transplant 2001; 7: 442–450.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
291. 291.↵
     1. Sterneck M,
     2. Settmacher U,
     3. Ganten T,
     4. Sarrazin C,
     5. Speidel N,
     6. Broering D, et al.

     Improvement in gastrointestinal and health-related quality of life outcomes after conversion from mycophenolate mofetil to enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in liver transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 2014; 46: 234–240.

     OpenUrl
292. 292.↵
     1. Cantisani GPC,
     2. Zanotelli ML,
     3. Gleisner ALM,
     4. de Mello Brandão A,
     5. Marroni CA.

     Enteric-Coated Mycophenolate Sodium Experience in Liver Transplant Patients. Transplant Proc 2006; 38: 932–933.

     OpenUrlPubMed
293. 293.↵
     1. Miras M,
     2. Carballo F,
     3. Egea J,
     4. Martínez C,
     5. Álvarez-López MR,
     6. Sánchez-Bueno F, et al.

     Clinical evolution in the first 3 months of patients after liver transplantation in maintenance phase converted from mycophenolate mofetil to mycophenolate sodium due to gastrointestinal complications. Transplant Proc 2007; 39: 2314–2317.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
294. 294.↵
     1. Angeli P,
     2. Bernardi M,
     3. Villanueva C,
     4. Francoz C,
     5. Mookerjee RP,
     6. Trebicka J, et al.

     EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2018; 69: 406–460.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
295. 295.↵
     1. Lin M,
     2. Mittal S,
     3. Sahebjam F,
     4. Rana A,
     5. Sood GK.

     Everolimus with early withdrawal or reduced-dose calcineurin inhibitors improves renal function in liver transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Transplant 2017; 31: (2).
296. 296.↵
     1. Jeng L Bin,
     2. Lee SG,
     3. Soin AS,
     4. Lee WC,
     5. Suh KS,
     6. Joo DJ, et al.

     Efficacy and safety of everolimus with reduced tacrolimus in living-donor liver transplant recipients: 12-month results of a randomized multicenter study. Am J Transplant 2018; 18: 1435–1446.

     OpenUrl
297. 297.↵
     1. Goralczyk AD,
     2. Hauke N,
     3. Bari N

     , Y. Tsui T, Lorf T, Obed A. Interleukin 2 receptor antagonists for liver transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies. Hepatology 2011; 54: 541–554.

     OpenUrlPubMed
298. 298.↵
     1. Angeli P,
     2. Bernardi M,
     3. Villanueva C,
     4. Francoz C,
     5. Mookerjee RP,
     6. Trebicka J, et al.

     EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2018; 69: 406–460.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
299. 299.↵
     1. Millson C,
     2. Considine A,
     3. Cramp ME,
     4. Holt A,
     5. Hubscher S,
     6. Hutchinson J, et al.

     Adult liver transplantation: UK clinical guideline-part 2: Surgery and post-operation. Frontline Gastroenterol 2020; 11: 385–396.

     OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
300. 300.↵
     1. Zhu JH,
     2. Hussaini T,
     3. Erb SR,
     4. Marquez V,
     5. Yoshida EM.

     Medical complications of liver transplantation. Hong Kong: AME Publishing Company; 2018. p. 11–11.
301. 301.↵
     1. Ferrarese A,
     2. Zanetto A,
     3. Gambato M,
     4. Bortoluzzi I,
     5. Nadal E,
     6. Germani G, et al.

     Liver transplantation for viral hepatitis in 2015. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22: 1570–1581.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
302. 302.↵
     1. Berenguer M,
     2. Ferrell L,
     3. Watson J,
     4. Prieto M,
     5. Kim M,
     6. Rayón M, et al.

     HCV-related fibrosis progression following liver transplantation: Increase in recent years. J Hepatol 2000; 32: 673–684.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
303. 303.
     1. Blasco A,
     2. Forns X,
     3. Carrión JA,
     4. García-Pagán JC,
     5. Gilabert R,
     6. Rimola A, et al.

     Hepatic venous pressure gradient identifies patients at risk of severe hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation. Hepatology 2006; 43: 492–499.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
304. 304.
     1. Carríon JA,
     2. Torres F,
     3. Crespo G,
     4. Miquel R,
     5. García-Valdecasas JC,
     6. Navasa M, et al.

     Liver stiffness identifies two different patterns of fibrosis progression in patients with hepatitis C virus recurrence after liver transplantation. Hepatology 2010; 51: 23–34.

     OpenUrlPubMed
305. 305.
     1. Crespo G,
     2. Lens S,
     3. Gambato M,
     4. Carriõn JA,
     5. Mariño Z,
     6. Londoño MC, et al.

     Liver stiffness 1 year after transplantation predicts clinical outcomes in patients with recurrent hepatitis C. Am J Transplant 2014; 14: 375–383.

     OpenUrl
306. 306.↵
     1. Crespo G,
     2. Mario Z,
     3. Navasa M,
     4. Forns X.

     Viral hepatitis in liver transplantation. Gastroenterology 2012; 142: (6).
307. 307.
     1. Dieterich D,
     2. Bacon B,
     3. Flamm S,
     4. Kowdley K,
     5. Milligan S,
     6. Tsai N, et al.

     Evaluation of sofosbuvir and simeprevir-based regimens in the TRIO network. Academic and community treatment of a real-world, heterogeneous population. [cited 2014]. Available from: https://www.natap.org/2014/AASLD/AASLD_09.htm
308. 308.
     1. Kwo PY,
     2. Mantry PS,
     3. Coakley E,
     4. Te HS,
     5. Vargas HE,
     6. Brown R, et al.

     An interferon-free antiviral regimen for HCV after liver transplantation. N Engl J Med 2014; 371: 2375–2382.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
309. 309.↵
     1. Maiwall R,
     2. Kumar M.

     Prevention and treatment of recurrent hepatitis B after liver transplantation. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2016; 4: 54–65.

     OpenUrl
310. 310.↵
     1. Samuel D,
     2. Muller R,
     3. Alexander G,
     4. Fassati L,
     5. Ducot B,
     6. Benhamou JP, et al.

     Liver transplantation in European patients with the Hepatitis B surface antigen. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 1842–187.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
311. 311.↵
     1. Samuel D.

     Liver transplantation and hepatitis B virus infection: The situation seems to be under control, but the virus is still there. Journal of Hepatology 2001; 34: 943–945.

     OpenUrlPubMed
312. 312.↵
     1. Burra P,
     2. Germani G,
     3. Adam R,
     4. Karam V,
     5. Marzano A,
     6. Lampertico P, et al.

     Liver transplantation for HBV-related cirrhosis in Europe: An ELTR study on evolution and outcomes. J Hepatol 2013; 58: 287–296.

     OpenUrl
313. 313.↵
     1. Gane EJ,
     2. Angus PW,
     3. Strasser S,
     4. Crawford DHG,
     5. Ring J,
     6. Jeffrey GP, et al.

     Lamivudine plus low-dose hepatitis B immunoglobulin to prevent recurrent hepatitis B following liver transplantation. Gastroenterology 2007; 132: 931–937.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
314. 314.↵
     1. Buti M,
     2. Mas A,
     3. Prieto M,
     4. Casafont F,
     5. González A,
     6. Miras M, et al.

     A randomized study comparing lamivudine monotherapy after a short course of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIg) and lamivudine with long-term lamivudine plus HBIg in the prevention of hepatitis B virus recurrence after liver transplantation. Journal of Hepatology 2003; 2020: 811–817.

     OpenUrl
315. 315.↵
     1. Terrault N.

     Editorial: Prophylaxis in hbv-infected liver transplant patients: End of the HBIG era? Am J Gastroenterol 2013; 108: 949–951.

     OpenUrl
316. 316.↵
     1. Wong TCL,
     2. Fung JYY,
     3. Cui TYS,
     4. Lam AHK,
     5. Dai JWC,
     6. Chan ACY, et al.

     Liver transplantation using hepatitis B core positive grafts with antiviral monotherapy prophylaxis. J Hepatol 2019; 70: 1114–1122.

     OpenUrl
317. 317.↵
     1. Cholongitas E,
     2. Papatheodoridis G V.,
     3. Burroughs AK.

     Liver grafts from anti-hepatitis B core positive donors: A systematic review. J Hepatol 2010; 52: 272–279.

     OpenUrl
318. 318.↵
     1. Lucey MR,
     2. Terrault N,
     3. Ojo L,
     4. Hay JE,
     5. Neuberger J,
     6. Blumberg E, et al.

     Long-term management of the successful adult liver transplant: 2012 practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the American Society of Transplantation. Liver Transpl 2013; 19: 3–26.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
319. 319.↵
     1. Taneja S,
     2. Roy A.

     Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis recurrence after liver transplant. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 5: 24.

     OpenUrl
320. 320.↵
     1. Ueda Y,
     2. Kaido T,
     3. Okajima H,
     4. Hata K,
     5. Anazawa T,
     6. Yoshizawa A, et al.

     Long-term prognosis and recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis after liver transplantation. Transplant Direct 2017; 3: e334.

     OpenUrl
321. 321.↵
     1. Duvoux C,
     2. Roudot-Thoraval F,
     3. Decaens T,
     4. Pessione F,
     5. Badran H,
     6. Piardi T, et al.

     Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: A model including α-fetoprotein improves the performance of milan criteria. Gastroenterology 2012; 143: 986–94.e3

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
322. 322.↵
     1. Clavien PA,
     2. Lesurtel M,
     3. Bossuyt PMM,
     4. Gores GJ,
     5. Langer B,
     6. Perrier A.

     Recommendations for liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: An international consensus conference report. The Lancet Oncology 2011; 13: E11–E22.

     OpenUrl
323. 323.↵
     1. Filgueira NA.

     Hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation: Risk factors, screening and clinical presentation. World J Hepatol 2019; 11: 261–272.

     OpenUrl
324. 324.↵
     1. Llovet JM,
     2. Ricci S,
     3. Mazzaferro V,
     4. Hilgard P,
     5. Gane E,
     6. Blanc JF, et al.

     Sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 378–390.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
325. 325.
     1. Sposito C,
     2. Mariani L,
     3. Germini A,
     4. Flores Reyes M,
     5. Bongini M,
     6. Grossi G, et al.

     Comparative efficacy of sorafenib versus best supportive care in recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation: A case-control study. J Hepatol 2013; 59: 59–66.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
326. 326.↵
     1. Kim BH,
     2. Park JW.

     Sorafenib for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation. J Korean Med Sci 2018; 33: e286.

     OpenUrl
327. 327.↵
     1. Ojo AO,
     2. Held PJ,
     3. Port FK,
     4. Wolfe RA,
     5. Leichtman AB,
     6. Young EW, et al.

     Chronic renal failure after transplantation of a nonrenal organ. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 931–940.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
328. 328.↵
     1. Safdar N,
     2. Said A,
     3. Lucey MR,
     4. Knechtle SJ,
     5. D’Alessandro A,
     6. Musat A, et al.

     Infected bilomas in liver transplant recipients: Clinical features, optimal management, and risk factors for mortality. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39: 517–525.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
329. 329.↵
     1. Kotton CN,
     2. Kumar D,
     3. Caliendo AM,
     4. Åsberg A,
     5. Chou S,
     6. Danziger-Isakov L, et al.

     Updated international consensus guidelines on the management of cytomegalovirus in solid-organ transplantation. Transplantation 2013; 96: 333–360.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
330. 330.↵
     1. Burra P,
     2. Buda A,
     3. Livi U,
     4. Rigotti P,
     5. Zanus G,
     6. Calabrese F, et al.

     Occurrence of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders among over thousand adult recipients: Any role for hepatitis C infection? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006; 18: 1065–1070.

     OpenUrlPubMed
331. 331.↵
     1. Singh N,
     2. Wagener MM,
     3. Marino IR,
     4. Gayowski T.

     Trends in invasive fungal infections in liver transplant recipients: Correlation with evolution in transplantation practices. Transplantation 2002; 73: 63–67.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
332. 332.
     1. Patel R,
     2. Portela D,
     3. Badley AD,
     4. Harmsen WS,
     5. Larson-Keller JJ,
     6. Ilstrup DM, et al.

     Risk factors of invasive Candida and non-Candida fungal infections after liver transplantation. Transplantation 1996; 62: 926–934.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
333. 333.↵
     1. Osawa M,
     2. Ito Y,
     3. Hirai T,
     4. Isozumi R,
     5. Takakura S,
     6. Fujimoto Y, et al.

     Risk factors for invasive aspergillosis in living donor liver transplant recipients. Liver Transplant 2007; 13: 566–570.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
334. 334.↵
     1. Martin SI,
     2. Fishman JA.

     Pneumocystis pneumonia in solid organ transplant recipients [Internet]. Vol. 9, American Journal of Transplantation. Am J Transplant 2009; 9 Suppl 4: S227–S233.

     OpenUrl
335. 335.↵
     1. Torre-Cisneros J,
     2. Doblas A,
     3. Aguado JM,
     4. San Juan R,
     5. Blanes M,
     6. Montejo M, et al.

     Tuberculosis after Solid-Organ Transplant: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Characteristics in the RESITRA (Spanish Network of Infection in Transplantation) Cohort. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 48: 1657–1665.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
336. 336.↵
     1. Munoz P,
     2. Rodriguez C,
     3. Bouza E.

     Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Recipients of Solid Organ Transplants. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40: 581–587.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
337. 337.↵
     1. Laish I,
     2. Braun M,
     3. Mor E,
     4. Sulkes J,
     5. Harif Y,
     6. Ari Z Ben

     . Metabolic syndrome in liver transplant recipients: Prevalence, risk factors, and association with cardiovascular events. Liver Transplant 2011; 17: 15–22.

     OpenUrlPubMed
338. 338.↵
     1. Watt KDS,
     2. Charlton MR.

     Metabolic syndrome and liver transplantation: A review and guide to management. J Hepatol 2010; 53: 199–206.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
339. 339.↵
     1. Desai S,
     2. Hong JC,
     3. Saab S.

     Cardiovascular risk factors following orthotopic liver transplantation: Predisposing factors, incidence and management. Liver Int 2010; 30: 948–957.

     OpenUrlPubMed
340. 340.↵
     1. Watt KDS,
     2. Pedersen RA,
     3. Kremers WK,
     4. Heimbach JK,
     5. Sanchez W,
     6. Gores GJ.

     Long-term probability of and mortality from de novo malignancy after liver transplantation. Gastroenterology 2009; 137: 2010–2017.

     OpenUrlPubMed
341. 341.↵
     1. Guichelaar MMJ,
     2. Schmoll J,
     3. Malinchoc M,
     4. Hay JE.

     Fractures and avascular necrosis before and after orthotopic liver transplantation: Long-term follow-up and predictive factors. Hepatology 2007; 46: 1198–1207.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
342. 342.↵
     1. Engels EA,
     2. Pfeiffer RM,
     3. Fraumeni JF,
     4. Kasiske BL,
     5. Israni AK,
     6. Snyder JJ, et al.

     Spectrum of cancer risk among US solid organ transplant recipients. JAMA 2011; 306: 1891–901.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
343. 343.↵
     1. Finkenstedt A,
     2. Graziadei IW,
     3. Oberaigner W,
     4. Hilbe W,
     5. Nachbaur K,
     6. Mark W, et al.

     Extensive surveillance promotes early diagnosis and improved survival of de novo malignancies in liver transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2009; 9: 2355–2361.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
344. 344.↵
     1. Penn I.

     Posttransplantation de novo tumors in liver allograft recipients. Liver Transplant Surg 1996; 2: 52–59.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
345. 345.↵
     1. Herrero JI,
     2. España A,
     3. Quiroga J,
     4. Sangro B,
     5. Pardo F,
     6. Alvárez-Cienfuegos J, et al.

     Nonmelanoma skin cancer after liver transplantation. Study of risk factors. Liver Transplant 2005; 11: 1100–1106.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
346. 346.↵
     1. Herrero JI,
     2. Pardo F,
     3. D’Avola D,
     4. Alegre F,
     5. Rotellar F,
     6. Iñarrairaegui M, et al.

     Risk factors of lung, head and neck, esophageal, and kidney and urinary tract carcinomas after liver transplantation: The effect of smoking withdrawal. Liver Transplant 2011; 17: 402–408.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
347. 347.↵
     1. Hegab B,
     2. Khalaf H,
     3. Allam N,
     4. Azzam A,
     5. Al Khail FA,
     6. Al-Hamoudi W, et al.

     De novo malignancies after liver transplantation: A single-center experience. Ann Saudi Med 2012; 32: 355–358.

     OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science