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Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Are women diagnosed with early pregnancy loss at risk for anxiety, depression, and perinatal grief?

Levent Ozgen, Gulten Ozgen, Deniz Simsek, Burcu Dıncgez, Feyza Bayram and Ayten N. Mıdıkhan
Saudi Medical Journal September 2022, 43 (9) 1046-1050; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2022.43.9.20220291
Levent Ozgen
From the Department of Gynecological Oncology Surgery (Ozgen), Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, and from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Ozgen, Simsek, Dıncgez, Bayram, Mıdıkhan), Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Bursa, Turkey.
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Gulten Ozgen
From the Department of Gynecological Oncology Surgery (Ozgen), Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, and from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Ozgen, Simsek, Dıncgez, Bayram, Mıdıkhan), Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Bursa, Turkey.
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Deniz Simsek
From the Department of Gynecological Oncology Surgery (Ozgen), Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, and from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Ozgen, Simsek, Dıncgez, Bayram, Mıdıkhan), Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Bursa, Turkey.
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Burcu Dıncgez
From the Department of Gynecological Oncology Surgery (Ozgen), Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, and from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Ozgen, Simsek, Dıncgez, Bayram, Mıdıkhan), Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Bursa, Turkey.
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Feyza Bayram
From the Department of Gynecological Oncology Surgery (Ozgen), Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, and from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Ozgen, Simsek, Dıncgez, Bayram, Mıdıkhan), Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Bursa, Turkey.
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Ayten N. Mıdıkhan
From the Department of Gynecological Oncology Surgery (Ozgen), Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, and from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Ozgen, Simsek, Dıncgez, Bayram, Mıdıkhan), Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Bursa, Turkey.
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    Table 1

    - Demographic characteristics of missed, spontaneous abortion, and anembryonic pregnancy groups.

    VariablesMissed abortion (n=46)Spontaneous abortion (n=46)Anembryonic pregnancy (n=24)P-values*
    Age (year)31.5 (20-44)30 (20-44)29.5 (19-42)0.442
    Gravida (n)3 (1-10)3 (1-10)3 (1-10)0.956
    Parity (n)1 (0-8)1 (0-8)1.5 (0-8)0.936
    Abortion (n)1 (0-4)1 (0-4)1 (0-4)0.960
    Gestational week9 (5-19)9 (5-19)9 (4-14)0.196
    Cytotec doz (qgr)800 (0-3200)800 (0-3200)800 (0-2400)0.841
    Hospital stay (day)2 (1-4)2 (1-4)2 (1-3)0.196

    Values are presented as median (minimum-maximum). *Kruskal-Wallis test

      • View popup
      Table 2

      - Statistical differences between missed, spontaneous abortion, and anembryonic pregnancy groups in terms of Spielberger state-anxiety inventory (STAI-I), Edinburgh postpartum depression scale (EPDS), and perinatal grief scale (PGS).

      ScalesMissed abortion (n=46)Spontaneous abortion (n=46)Anembryonic pregnancy (n=24)P-values
      STAI-141 (26-54)41 (26-54)41 (34-50)0.964*
      EPDS16 (0-26)16 (0-26)16 (0-26)0.829*
      PGS, mean±SD100±33.6395.34±31.7693.12±35.240.623†

      Values are presented as median (minimum-maximum). *Pearson Chi-Square, †ANOVA

        • View popup
        Table 3

        - Comparison between missed, spontaneous abortion, and anembryonic pregnancy groups degree of anxiety with STAI-1 scale and depression grades according to Edinburgh postpartum depression scale.

        GroupsAnxiety levelDepression
        None-less (20-37)Moderate (38-44)High (45-80)P-value(≤12 none)(>13 present)P-value
        n=22n=60n=34
        Missed abortion (n=46)9 (19.6)24 (52.2)13 (28.3)0.573*15 (36.1)31 (67.4)0.357*
        Spontaneous abortion (n=46)7 (15.2)27 (58.7)12 (26.1)12 (26.1)34 (73.9)
        Anembryonic pregnancy (n=24)6 (25.0)9 (37.5)9 (37.5)4 (16.7)20 (83.3)

        Values are presented as a number and precentage (%). *Pearson Chi-square test

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        Saudi Medical Journal: 43 (9)
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        Vol. 43, Issue 9
        1 Sep 2022
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        Are women diagnosed with early pregnancy loss at risk for anxiety, depression, and perinatal grief?
        Levent Ozgen, Gulten Ozgen, Deniz Simsek, Burcu Dıncgez, Feyza Bayram, Ayten N. Mıdıkhan
        Saudi Medical Journal Sep 2022, 43 (9) 1046-1050; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.9.20220291

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        Are women diagnosed with early pregnancy loss at risk for anxiety, depression, and perinatal grief?
        Levent Ozgen, Gulten Ozgen, Deniz Simsek, Burcu Dıncgez, Feyza Bayram, Ayten N. Mıdıkhan
        Saudi Medical Journal Sep 2022, 43 (9) 1046-1050; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.9.20220291
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        Keywords

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