Article Figures & Data
Tables
Characteristics Overall (N=468) COVID-19 (n=234) URTI (n=234) P-values Age, mean±SD 9.9±2.34 10.05±2.34 9.75±2.34 0.167 Age groups 6-10 years 259 (55.3) 119 (50.9) 140 (59.8) 0.051 11-14 years 209 (44.7) 115 (49.1) 94 (40.2) Gender Males 239 (51.1) 117 (50.0) 122 (52.1) 0.64 Females 229 (48.9) 117 (50.0) 112 (47.9) History of allergic rhinitis: itching and sneezing 78 (16.7) 12 (5.1) 66 (28.2) 0.000* History of asthma 82 (17.5) 28 (12.0) 54 (23.1) 0.002* Values are presented as numbers and precentages (%).
↵* P-value of <0.05 was considered significant. COVID-19: coronavirus disease-19, URTI: upper respiratory tract infection, SD: standard deviation
- Table 2
- Clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease-19 and upper respiratory tract infection in pediatric patients.
Symptoms Overall (N=468) COVID-19 (n=234) URTI (n=234) P-values* Fever 344 (73.5) 152 (65.0) 192 (82.1) 0.000 Sore throat 245 (52.4) 72 (30.8) 173 (73.9) 0.000 Cough 208 (44.4) 80 (34.2) 128 (54.7) 0.000 Rhinorrhea 171 (36.5) 65 (27.8) 106 (45.3) 0.000 Nasal obstruction 125 (26.7) 33 (14.1) 92 (39.3) 0.000 Headache 161 (34.4) 71 (30.3) 90 (38.5) 0.064 Dyspnea 107 (22.9) 29 (12.4) 78 (33.3) 0.000 Otalgia 52 (11.1) 11 (4.7) 41 (17.5) 0.000 Otorrhea 13 (2.8) 1 (0.4) 12 (5.1) 0.002 Change in taste 70 (15.0) 57 (24.4) 13 (5.6) 0.000 Change in smell 69 (14.7) 47 (20.1) 22 (9.4) 0.001 Values are presented as numbers and precentages (%).
↵* P-value of <0.05 was considered significant. COVID-19: coronavirus disease-19, URTI: upper respiratory tract infection
Symptoms P-values* Odds ratios 95% confidence interval Change in taste 0.000 21.983 7.455-64.826 Sore throat 0.000 0.185 0.113-0.302 Dyspnea 0.001 0.365 0.199-0.670 Nasal obstruction 0.000 0.273 0.140-0.533 Otalgia 0.005 0.252 0.096-0.664 ↵* P-value of <0.05 was considered significant. The reference category is: coronavirus group.
- Table 4
- Change in smell and taste in coronavirus disease-19 versus upper respiratory tract infection according to age.
Symptoms 6-10 years (n=259) 11-14 years (n=209) COVID-19 URTI P-values COVID-19 URTI P-values Change in taste 23 (19.3) 9 (6.4) 0.002* 34 (29.6) 4 (4.3) 0.000* Change in smell 20 (16.8) 13 (9.3) 0.152 27 (23.5) 9 (9.6) 0.007* Values are presented as numbers and precentages (%).
↵* P-value of <0.05 was considered significant. COVID-19: coronavirus disease-19, URTI: upper respiratory tract infection