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Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Socio-demographic determinants of influenza vaccination uptake behavior

A nationwide cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia

Nargis B. Javed and Mohammed AL-Mohaithef
Saudi Medical Journal November 2023, 44 (11) 1132-1138; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2023.44.11.20230399
Nargis B. Javed
From the Department of Public Health (Javed), College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Dammam, and from the Department of Public Health (AL-Mohaithef), College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MSc, PhD
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Mohammed AL-Mohaithef
From the Department of Public Health (Javed), College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Dammam, and from the Department of Public Health (AL-Mohaithef), College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MSc, PhD
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  • ORCID record for Mohammed AL-Mohaithef
  • For correspondence: [email protected]
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    Figure 1

    - Uptake of flu (influenza) vaccine among the study participants (N=1650).

Tables

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    Table 1

    - Socio-demographic characteristics of the study population (N=1650).

    Characteristicn (%)
    Age
    18-25415 (25.1)
    26-35424 (25.7)
    36-45504 (30.5)
    above 45 years307 (18.6)
    Gender
    Male970 (58.8)
    Female680 (41.2)
    Marital status
    Married715 (43.3)
    Single802 (48.6)
    Separated/divorced/widowed133 (08.1)
    Nationality
    Saudi938 (56.8)
    Non-Saudi712 (43.1)
    City of resident
    Riyadh620 (37.6)
    Dammam325 (19.7)
    Jeddah260 (15.8)
    Other445 (27.0)
    Education
    Postgraduate380 (23.0)
    Graduate572 (34.7)
    Diploma430 (26.1)
    High school268 (16.2)
    Occupation
    Private/self-employed765 (46.4)
    Government615 (37.3)
    Not-working270 (16.4)

    Values are presented as numbers and precentages (%).

      • View popup
      Table 2

      - Logistic regression analysis for socio-demographic determinants towards uptake of seasonal flu vaccine among respondents in Saudi Arabia.

      Variables“Received a seasonal flu vaccine for the 2019-2020 flu season”
      OR (95% CI)P-valuesAdjusted OR (95% CI)P-values
      Age
      18-25Ref Ref 
      26-351.13 (0.69-2.35)0.8031.11 (0.51-1.56)0.412
      36-450.89 (0.60-1.25)0.4530.95 (0.48-1.44)0.226
      above 452.41 (1.00-4.15)0.0492.20 (1.15-3.05)0.002
      Gender
      MaleRef Ref 
      Female0.73 (0.55-0.96)0.0290.80 (0.58-1.10)0.181
      Marital status
      SingleRef Ref 
      Separated/divorced/widowed1.36 (0.76-2.41)0.2931.71 (0.97-3.14)0.090
      Married2.13 (1.20-3.06)0.0011.75 (1.28-3.51)0.001
      Nationality
      SaudiRef Ref 
      Non-Saudi1.27 (0.89-2.90)0.1771.38 (0.81-2.84)0.425
      City of residence
      RiyadhRef Ref 
      Dammam0.94 (0.66-1.33)0.7330.96 (0.66-1.40)0.869
      Jeddah1.21 (0.79-1.85)0.3781.23 (0.79-1.92)0.350
      Others1.35 (0.96-1.90)0.0761.41 (0.99-2.00)0.055
      Highest education
      High schoolRef Ref 
      Diploma1.14 (0.71-1.83)0.5721.06 (0.63-1.78)0.801
      Under graduate1.11 (0.75-1.62)0.5931.17 (0.78-1.76)0.438
      Post graduate2.78 (0.87-4.31)0.2601.51 (1.05-2.23)0.044
      Current occupation
      Not workingRef Ref 
      Private/self-employed1.31 (0.70-2.57)0.9391.19 (0.73-2.68)0.630
      Government1.39 (1.04-1.85)0.0241.47 (0.97-2.23)0.063

      Values are presented as odds ratio (OR) and adjusted OR and 95% confidence interval (CI).

        • View popup
        Table 3

        - Logistic Regression analysis for factors potentially associated with the uptake of flu vaccine among respondents in Saudi Arabia (N=1650).

        Variables“Received a seasonal flu vaccine for the 2019-2020 flu season”
        OR (95% CI)P-valuesAdjusted OR (95% CI)P-values
        Have you ever refused a vaccine for yourself or a child because you considered it as ineffective or dangerous? (Perceived risk)
        NoRef Ref 
        Yes1.83 (1.32-4.21)0.0422.15 (1.30-5.72)0.001
        Do you know there is a vaccine available for flu, which should be taken yearly to protect yourself and your family from flu? (Knowledge regarding seasonal flu vaccine)
        NoRef Ref 
        Yes2.32 (1.03-5.37)0.0281.71 (1.08-4.22)0.001
        Have you ever received a flu vaccine? (Behavior towards vaccination)
        NoRef Ref 
        Yes2.85 (1.03-4.80)0.0312.25 (0.92-4.92)0.081
        Have you ever postponed a vaccine recommended by a physician? (History of hesitancy)
        YesRef Ref 
        No2.30 (0.61-4.80)0.0882.12 (0.85-4.90)0.078

        Values are presented as odds ratio (OR) and adjusted OR and 95% confidence interval (CI).

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        1 Nov 2023
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        Socio-demographic determinants of influenza vaccination uptake behavior
        Nargis B. Javed, Mohammed AL-Mohaithef
        Saudi Medical Journal Nov 2023, 44 (11) 1132-1138; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2023.44.11.20230399

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        Socio-demographic determinants of influenza vaccination uptake behavior
        Nargis B. Javed, Mohammed AL-Mohaithef
        Saudi Medical Journal Nov 2023, 44 (11) 1132-1138; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2023.44.11.20230399
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        Keywords

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