Factors and barriers influencing the decision to undergo body contouring surgery after bariatric surgery: A cross-sectional study

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Figure 1
- The proportions of reasons for not considering plastic surgeries among those who did not consider body contouring surgery (n=154).

Table 1

- Sociodemographic characteristics.

Parameters	Overall (N=445)	Underwent a body contouring surgery		P-values
Parameters	Overall (N=445)	No (n=383)	Yes (n=62)	P-values
Age (years)
18 to <30	68 (15.3)	57 (14.9)	11 (17.7)	0.788
30 to <45	241 (54.2)	210 (54.8)	31 (50.0)
45 to <60	125 (28.1)	107 (27.9)	18 (29.0)
60 or more	11 (2.5)	9 (2.3)	2 (3.2)
Gender
Male	156 (35.1)	145 (37.9)	11 (17.7)	0.002
Female	289 (64.9)	238 (62.1)	51 (82.3)	0.002
Nationality
Saudi	376 (84.5)	320 (83.6)	56 (90.3)	0.172
Non-Saudi	69 (15.5)	63 (16.4)	6 (9.7)
Relationship status
Single	106 (23.8)	88 (23.0)	18 (29.0)	0.700
Married	303 (68.1)	263 (68.7)	40 (64.5)
Divorced	31 (7.0)	27 (7.0)	4 (6.5)
Widowed	5 (1.1)	5 (1.3)	0 (0.0)
Level of educational
Below high school	18 (4.0)	16 (4.2)	2 (3.2)	0.926
High school	89 (20.0)	78 (20.4)	11 (17.7)
Bachelor degree	291 (65.4)	248 (64.8)	43 (69.4)
Master degree	42 (9.4)	37 (9.7)	5 (8.1)
Doctorate degree	5 (1.1)	4 (1.0)	1 (1.6)
Employment status
Student	21 (4.7)	20 (5.2)	1 (1.6)	0.381
Unemployed	123 (27.6)	109 (28.5)	14 (22.6)
Employee	247 (55.5)	210 (54.8)	37 (59.7)
Other	54 (12.1)	44 (11.5)	10 (16.1)
Household income per month
<5,000 SR	141 (31.7)	125 (32.6)	16 (25.8)	0.613
5000-10k SR	143 (32.1)	120 (31.3)	23 (37.1)
>10k-20k SR	102 (22.9)	86 (22.5)	16 (25.8)
>20k SR	59 (13.3)	52 (13.6)	7 (11.3)
Have any comorbidities?
Yes	75 (16.9)	64 (16.7)	11 (17.7)	0.840

Values are presented as numbers and precentages (%). SR: Saudi Riyals

Table 2

- Characteristics of body-contouring surgeries and participants’ attitudes towards these surgeries.

Parameters	n (%)
Type of the body-contouring surgery^*
Trunk aesthetic surgery	42 (67.7)
Breast aesthetic surgery	22 (35.5)
Extremity aesthetic surgery	20 (32.3)
Liposuction	0 (0.0)
Facial aesthetic surgery	5 (8.1)
Lower body lift	10 (16.1)
Others	7 (11.3)
Satisfaction with the result(s) of aesthetic surgery^*
Poor	12 (19.4)
Fair	24 (38.7)
Very good	24 (38.7)
Missing	2 (3.2)
How was body contouring surgery paid for?^*
Out of pocket	59 (95.2)
Insurance or government	3 (4.8)
Would consider plastic surgery in the future^{^†}
Yes	220 (57.4)
Desire for body-contouring surgery
Yes	231 (51.9)
Barriers to body-contouring surgery
Cost	229 (51.5)
Had no desire	72 (16.2)
Intent to lose more weight	33 (7.4)
Risks of additional surgery	64 (14.4)
Was not recommended by doctors	22 (4.7)
Underwent surgeries before	8 (25.0)
Male doctors	3 (9.4)
Marks after surgery	2 (6.3)
Health problems	1 (3.1)
Need more details	1 (3.1)
Pregnancy	1 (3.1)

Values are presented as numbers and precentages (%).

↵* Responses are based on 62 participants who underwent a body-contouring surgery.
↵^† Responses are based on 383 participants who did not undergo a body-contouring surgery.

Table 3

- Characteristics of bariatric surgeries.

Parameters	Overall (N=445)	Underwent a body contouring surgery		P-values
Parameters	Overall (N=445)	No (n=383)	Yes (n=62)	P-values
Time since bariatric surgery (year)
<1 year	4 (0.9)	4 (1.0)	0 (0.0)	0.735
1-2 years	49 (11.0)	44 (11.5)	5 (8.1)
>2 years	392 (88.1)	335 (87.5)	57 (91.9)
Type of bariatric surgery
Gastric sleeve	426 (95.7)	368 (96.1)	58 (93.5)	0.208
Roux-en-y gastric bypass	10 (2.2)	9 (2.3)	1 (1.6)
Other	9 (2.0)	6 (1.6)	3 (4.8)
Other types of bariatric surgery^*
Mini bypass	2 (22.2)	1 (16.7)		0.762
Re-sleeve	1 (11.1)	1 (16.7)	0 (0.0)
Re-sleeve then SASI	1 (11.1)	0 (0.0)	1 (33.3)
SASI	5 (55.6)	4 (66.7)	1 (33.3)
Change in BMI after bariatric surgery
Yes	-16.6 (-21.1, -13.0)	-17.0 (-21.1, -13.3)	-14.2 (-20.3, -11.6)	0.025
Time to achieve best weight after bariatric surgery
After one year or less	295 (66.3)	265 (69.2)	30 (48.4)	0.003
After 2 years	118 (26.5)	95 (24.8)	23 (37.1)
More than 2 years	32 (7.2)	23 (6.0)	9 (14.5)
Presence of excess skin fold post bariatric surgery
Yes	317 (71.2)	268 (70.0)	49 (79.0)	0.144

Values are presented as numbers and precentages (%).

↵* Data was described based on 9 participants who had other types of bariatric surgeries. SASI: stomach aspiration surgical intervention, BMI: body mass index

Table 4

- Results of the multivariate regression analysis for the predictors of undergoing body-contouring surgeries.

Parameters	OR	95% CI	P-values
Gender
Male	Ref	Ref
Female	2.62	1.34-5.56	0.008
Change in BMI after bariatric surgery
Kg/m²	1.02	0.99-1.07	0.327
Time to achieve best weight after bariatric surgery
After one year or less	Ref	Ref
After 2 years	2.23	1.21-4.07	0.009
More than 2 years	3.50	1.40-8.27	0.005