Research ArticleOriginal Article
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The histopathological effects of sleep disorders on striated muscle in rats

İlkay Çinar, Muhammed Bozoğlan, Kürşad Aytekin, Deniz Esenyel and Cem Zeki Esenyel
Saudi Medical Journal April 2023, 44 (4) 355-362; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2023.44.4.20220714

Article Figures & Data

Figures

  • Figure 1
    Figure 1

    - The histopathological findings of muscle fiber atrophy and degeneration. A) Atrophic muscle fibres (chronic absence of sleep group), (hematoxylin and eosin [HE] x20). B) Cells showing necrosis and hyalin degeneration within striated muscle tissue, (Absence of REM sleep group), (HE staining x20 magnification). C) Lymphocyte infiltration in striated muscle (Chronic absence of sleep group), (HE x20).

  • Figure 2
    Figure 2

    - The histopathological findings of muscle fiber regeneration. A) Split striated muscle fibre, (absence of REM sleep group), (HE x40). B) Cells with central nucleus in striated muscle, (chronic absence of sleep group), (HE x20).

  • Figure 3
    Figure 3

    - Immunohistochemical staining of IGF-1 in striated muscle in rats with insomnia. A) Control group IGF1 immunochemistry staining (x20). B) Absence of REM sleep group IGF1 immunochemistry staining (x20). C) Chronic absence of sleep group IGF1 immunochemistry staining (x20).

Tables

  • Table 1

    - Statistical comparisons between the groups of the degeneration findings in the histological evaluation.

    GroupGroup 2 NecrosisGroup 3 NecrosisGroup 2 LymphocyteGroup 3 LymphocyteGroup 2 Degenerated hyalinGroup 3 Degenerated hyalinGroup 2 Total degenerationGroup 3 Total degeneration
    Group 3 necrosis0.6425 (p>0.05)
    Group 1 Necrosis0.0455 (p<0.05)0.0432 (p<0.05)
    Group 3 Lymphocyte0.2408 (p>0.05)
    Control Lymphocyte0.1122 (p>0.05)0.0392 p<0.05
    Group 3 Degenerated hyalin0.2437 (p>0.05)
    Group 1 Degenerated hyalin0.1004 (p>0.05)0.2234 (p>0.05)
    Group 3 Total degeneration0.17264 (p>0.05)
    Group 1 Total degeneration0.01832 p<0.050.0268 p<0.05

    Group 1: Control group (n=10), Group 2: Absence of REM sleep group (n=10), Group 3: Chronic absence of sleep group (n=10), Kruskal-wallis (Mann-whitney u test), student t test.

    • Table 2

      - Statistical comparisons between the groups of the regeneration findings in the histological evaluation.

      GroupsGroup 2 RegeneratedbasophiliaGroup 3 RegeneratedbasophiliaGroup 2 Split and ring fibresGroup 3 Split and ring fibresGroup 2 Central nucleusGroup 3 Central nucleusGroup 2 Total regenerationGroup 3 Total regeneration
      Group 3 Regenerated basophilia0.473 (p>0.05)
      Group 1 Regenerated basophilia0.194 (p>0.05)0.104 (p>0.05)
      Group 3 Split and ring fibres0.0031 (p<0.05)
      Group 1 Split and ring fibres0.3768 (p>0.05)0.0347 (p<0.05)
      Group 3 Central nucleus0.03268 (p<0.05)
      Group 1 Central nucleus0.24632 (p>0.05)0.00948 (p<0.05)
      Group 3 Total regeneration0.0433 p<0.05
      Group 1 Total regeneration0.3137 p>0.050.0221 p<0.05

      Group 1: control group (n=10), Group 2: absence of REM sleep group (n=10), Group 3: chronic absence of sleep group (n=10), Kruskal-wallis (Mann-whitney u test), and student t test

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