Characteristics and one-year outcomes of patients with advanced atrioventricular block in Saudi Arabia: A single-center retrospective cohort study

Wael A. Alqarawi; Abdulrahman S. Alarifi

doi:10.15537/smj.2024.45.10.20240239

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Table 1

- Characteristics of patients with atrioventricular block (N=100).

Variables	Patients with advanced AVB
Age (years), median (IQR)	72 (58-79)
Young patients (≤60-year-old)	29 (29.0)
Male gender	51 (51.0)
Hypertension	81 (81.0)
Diabetes mellitus	76 (76.0)
Dyslipidemia	35 (35.0)
Any comorbidity (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or dyslipidemia)	88 (88.0)
Diagnosis
CHB	67 (67.0)
2^nd degree AVB	22 (22.0)
AF with slow ventricular response	7 (7.0)
Unknown	4 (4.0)
Cause of AVB (idiopathic)	79 (79.0)
Investigated for cardiac sarcoidosis	5 (5.0)
Type of pacemaker (single)	44 (44.0)
New-onset heart failure at one year	5/89 (9.1)
Death at one year	7/89 (4.5)

Values are presented as numbers and percentages (%).

IQR: interquartile range, CHB: complete heart block, AVB: atrioventricular block, AF: atrial fibrillation

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Table 2

- Characteristics of patients with atrioventricular block (idiopathic versus secondary).

Variables	Idiopathic AVB (n=79)	Secondary AVB (n=21)	P-values
Age (years), median (IQR)	72 (59-78)	72 (56-82)	0.969
Young patients (≤60 year-old)	21 (26.6)	8 (38.1)	0.301
Male gender	37 (46.8)	14 (66.7)	0.106
Hypertension	66 (83.5)	15 (71.4)	0.208
Diabetes mellitus	61 (76.9)	15 (71.4)	0.602
Dyslipidemia	29 (36.7)	6 (28.6)	0.487
Any comorbidity (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or dyslipidemia)	73 (92.3)	15 (71.4)	0.009
Diagnosis
CHB	52 (65.8)	15 (71.4)	0.389
2^nd degree AVB	19 (24.1)	3 (14.3)
AF with slow ventricular response	6 (7.6)	14 (4.8)
Unknown	2 (2.5)	6 (9.5)
Investigated for cardiac sarcoidosis	5 (6.3)	--	--
Cause of AVB
Post TAVI	NA	4 (19.1)	--
Post cardiac surgery		6 (28.6)
Other		1 (4.8)
Type of pacemaker (single)	35 (44.3)	9 (42.9)	0.906
New-onset heart failure at one year	0 (0.0)	5/13 (38.5)	<0.001
Death at one year	5/77 (5.7)	2/12 (16.7)	0.223

Values are presented as numbers and percentages (%). IQR: interquartile range, CHB: complete heart block, AVB: atrioventricular block, AF: atrial fibrillation, TAVI: transcatheter aortic valve implantation

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Table 3

- Characteristics of patients with atrioventricular block (young idiopathic vs. old idiopathic).

Variables	Young patients (n=21)	Older patients (n=58)	P-values
Age (years), median (IQR)	56 (53-58)	75 (67-79)	<0.001
Male gender	8 (38.1)	29 (50.0)	0.349
Hypertension	15 (71.4)	51 (87.9)	0.081
Diabetes mellitus	13 (61.9)	48 (82.5)	0.056
Dyslipidemia	4 (19.1)	25 (43.1)	0.05
Any comorbidity (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or dyslipidemia)	17 (80.1)	56 (96.5)	0.022
Diagnosis
CHB	11 (52.4)	41 (70.7)	0.473
2^nd degree AVB	7 (33.3)	12 (20.7)
AF with slow ventricular response	2 (9.5)	4 (6.9)
Unknown	1 (4.8)	1 (1.7)
Investigated for cardiac sarcoidosis	5 (23.8)	0 (0.0)	0.001
Type of pacemaker (single)	3 (14.3)	32 (55.2)	0.001
New-onset heart failure at one year	--	--	--
Death at one year	0 (0.0)	5/56 (8.9)	0.05