Silent reactivation of Varicella Zoster virus in hemodialysis patients.: A management dilemma

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Table 1

- Hemodialysis patients and healthy controls characteristics.

Variables	Hemodialysis patients (n=174)	Healthy controls (n=91)	Total (n=265)
Age group
18- 30 years	8 (4.60)	29 (31.9)	37 (14.0)
31- 40 years	16 (9.20)	27 (29.7)	43 (16.2)
41- 50 years	72 (41.4)	32 (35.2)	104 (39.2)
>50 years	78 (44.8)	3 (3.30)	81 (30.6)
Gender
Male	107 (61.5)	48 (52.7)	155 (58.5)
Female	67 (38.5)	43 (47.3)	110 (41.5)
Cause of renal failure^{^§}
Hypertension	144 (82.8)	-	144 (82.8)
Diabetes mellitus	60 (34.5)		60 (34.5)
Hypertension+ Diabetes mellitus	41 (23.6)		41 (23.6)
Others^{^†}	11 (6.32)		11 (6.32)

Numbers presented in table are frequencies (percentages).

↵^§ total number of observations is not equal to 174.
↵^† Other causes of renal failure include kidney stones, systemic lupus erythematosus, glomerulonephritis, renal hypoplasia.

Table 2

- Association between sample characteristics and biomarkers in relation to IgG status among hemodialysis patients (N=174).

Variables	Non-reactive IgG <1.6 mg/dl (n=14)	Reactive IgG ≥ 1.6 mg/dl (n=160)	P-value
Age group, n (%)
18- 30 years	1 (7.14)	7 (4.38)	0.070
31- 40 years	4 (28.6)	12 (7.50)
41- 50 years	4 (28.6)	68 (42.5)
>50 years	5 (35.7)	73 (45.6)
Gender, n (%)
Male	9 (64.3)	98 (61.3)	1.000
Female	5 (35.7)	62 (38.8)	1.000
Cause of renal failure, n (%)
Hypertension, yes	10 (71.4)	134 (83.8)	0.267
Hypertension, no	4 (28.6)	26 (16.3)	0.267
Diabetes mellitus, yes	2 (14.3)	58 (36.3)	0.142
Diabetes mellitus, no	12 (85.7)	101 (63.1)	0.142
Hypertension+ Diabetes mellitus, yes	0 (0.00)	41 (25.6)	0.042*
Hypertension+ Diabetes mellitus, no	14 (100)	119 (74.4)	0.042*
Others, yes^{^§}	2 (14.3)	9 (5.63)	0.217
Others, no	12 (85.7)	151 (94.4)	0.217
Biomarkers
Albumin, g/dl, mean ± SD	3.54 ± 0.29	3.58 ± 1.21	0.543
Median (IQR)	3.60 (3.20- 3.80)	3.50 (3.30- 3.73)	0.543
Hemoglobin, g/dl, mean ± SD	10.7 ± 1.55	11.0 ± 1.59	0.531
Median (IQR)	10.8 (0.05- 11.8)	11.0 (10.1- 11.8)	0.531
Random glucose, mg/dl, mean ± SD	134 ± 21.0	138 ± 27.4	0.604
Median (IQR)	132 (117- 148)	130 (119- 166)	0.604

↵^§ Other causes of renal failure include kidney stones, systemic lupus erythematosus, glomerulonephritis, renal hypoplasia. Fisher’s exact test and Mann-Whitney test were used to obtain data presented in table. SD: standard deviation, IQR: interquartile range, IG: immunoglobulin

Table 3

- Simple linear regression analysis of associations of IgG ratio in hemodialysis patients (N=174).

Variables	Beta	Standard error	P-value	95% Confidence Interval	R-square
Age	0.03	0.03	0.284	-0.02 to 0.08	0.01
Gender	-0.81	0.66	0.224	-2.12 to 0.50	0.01
Cause of renal failure
Hypertension	0.46	0.85	0.593	-1.23 to 2.14	0.00
Diabetes mellitus	0.76	0.68	0.262	-0.58 to 2.10	0.01
Hypertension+ Diabetes mellitus	1.34	0.75	0.077	-0.15 to 2.83	0.02
Others	0.19	1.33	0.887	-2.43 to 2.81	0.00
Biomarkers
Albumin, g/dl	-0.14	0.28	0.618	-0.69 to 0.41	0.00
Hemoglobin, g/dl	-0.13	0.20	0.54	-0.53 to 0.28	0.00
Random glucose, mg/dl	0.01	0.01	0.490	-0.02 to 0.03	0.00