Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

The epidemiological and clinicopathological features of breast cancer in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Ahmad AA. Omer, Salman A. Bin Dayel, Ali SA. Hummedi and Noura IA. Almuhaimed
Saudi Medical Journal March 2024, 45 (3) 288-294; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2024.45.3.20230656

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Tables

  • Table 1

    - Risk factors of breast cancer in the study population (N=419).

    Variablen (%)
    Parity (n=210) (missing=209)
    Parous/multiparous182 (86.7)
    Nulliparous28 (13.3)
    Breastfeeding (n=147) (missing=272)
    Breastfed111 (75.5)
    No breastfeeding36 (24.5)
    Menarche (n=63) (missing=356)
    Age in years12.95 (9-16)
    Family history (n=256) (missing=163)
    First degree consanguinity58 (22.7)
    Second degree consanguinity9 (3.5)
    None189 (73.8)
    Body mass index (n=389) (missing=30)
    Underweight9 (2.3)
    Normal49 (12.6)
    Pre-obesity111 (28.5)
    Class-I obesity119 (30.6)
    Class-II obesity67 (17.2)
    Class-III obesity34 (8.7)
    Oral contraceptive pills (OCP)(n=120) (missing=299)
    Used OCP31 (25.8)
    No use of OCP89 (74.2)
    History of breast biopsy (n=392) (missing=27)
    Yes103 (26.3)
    No289 (73.7)
  • Table 2

    - Comorbidities, complications and the site of metastasis (N=419).

    Variablen (%)
    Comorbidities (n=414) (missing=5)
    Hypertension118 (28.5)
    Diabetes mellitus100 (24.2)
    Thyroid disease77 (18.6)
    Musculoskeletal disease41 (9.9)
    Dyslipidemia30 (7.3)
    Bronchial asthma26 (6.3)
    Gynecological disease24 (5.8)
    Cardiovascular disease22 (5.3)
    Renal disease9 (2.2)
    Hepatitis5 (1.2)
    Complications (n=417) (missing=2)
    Progression to advanced stage33 (7.9)
    DVT/PE8 (1.9)
    Arm lymphedema5 (1.2)
    Recurrence (local)4 (1.0)
    Pathological fracture3 (0.7)
    Progression to invasive cancer3 (0.7)
    Obstructive jaundice1 (0.2)
    Spinal cord compression1 (0.2)
    Sepsis1 (0.2)
    None358 (85.6)
    Site of metastases (n=403) (missing-16)
    Lungs/pleurae (n=398)57 (14.3)
    Bone (n=397)67 (16.9)
    Liver (n=397)50 (12.6)
    Brain (n=397)27 (6.8)
    Mediastinal lymph nodes (n=396)3 (0.8)
    Supraclavicular lymph nodes (n=397)1 (0.3)
  • Table 3

    - Pathological features of breast cancer (N=419).

    Variablen (%)
    Type
    Ductal376 (89.7)
    Lobular33 (7.9)
    Adenocarcinoma5 (1.2)
    Angiosarcoma3 (0.7)
    Cystosarcoma Phyllodes1 (0.2)
    Mixed (ductal & lobular)1 (0.2)
    Subtype (n=13)
    Mucinous4 (30.8)
    Tubular3 (23.1)
    Medullary3 (23.1)
    Papillary2 (15.4)
    Cribriform1 (7.7)
    TNM stage (n=401) (missing=18)
    Stage I66 (16.3)
    Stage II125 (30.9)
    Stage III98 (24.3)
    Stage IV112 (27.7)
    Differentiation (n= 412) (missing=7)
    Poorly differentiated190 (46)
    Moderately differentiated198 (47.9)
    Well-differentiated20 (4.8)
    Undifferentiated4 (1.0)
    Receptor status (n=397) (missing=22)
    Hormone positive/her negative226 (56.9)
    Triple positive66 (16.5)
    Hormone negative/her positive39 (9.7)
    Triple negative66 (16.5)
    In-situ carcinoma (n=414) (missing=5)
    DCIS*14 (3.4)
    LCIS**2 (0.5)
    None/not known398 (96.1)
    BRCA***
    BRCA positive5 (1.2)
    BRCA negative/not known414 (98.8)
    Heterogenous breast cancer (n=419)
    Yes5 (1.2)
    No414 (98.8)

    • ↵* Ductal carcinoma in-situ,

    • ↵** Lobular carcinoma in-situ,

    • ↵*** Breast cancer gene (BRCA)

  • Table 4

    - Therapeutic intention and modalities for breast cancer (N=419).

    Variablen (%)
    Intention (n=410) (missing=9)
    Curative303 (73.9)
    Palliative107 (26.1)
    Type of Surgery (n=398) (missing=21)
    Modified radical mastectomy254 (63.8)
    Breast-conserving surgery79 (19.9)
    None65 (16.3)
    Lymph node dissection (n=242) (missing=177)
    Axillary lymph node dissection106 (43.8)
    Sentinel lymph node biopsy67 (27.7)
    None69 (28.5)
    Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (n=343) (missing=76)
    Yes207 (60.4)
    No136 (39.7)
    Chemotherapy (n=368) (missing=51)
    Adjuvant299 (81.3)
    Palliative65 (17.7)
    None4 (1.1)
    Radiotherapy (n=357) (missing=62)
    Adjuvant296 (82.9)
    Palliative57 (16.0)
    None4 (1.1)
    Hormonal therapy (n=274) (missing=145)
    Yes192 (70.1)
    No82 (29.9)
    Fate (n=415) (missing=4)
    Alive388 (93.5)
    Died27 (6.5)
  • Table 5

    - Site/type of synchronous/metachronous tumors (n=33).

    Site/Typen (%)
    Thyroid8 (1.9)
    Breast4 (1.0)
    Hematological3 (0.7)
    Endometrial3 (0.7)
    Stomach2 (0.5)
    Hepatocellular carcinoma1 (0.2)
    Pituitary adenoma1 (0.2)
    Meningioma1 (0.2)
    Appendicular adenocarcinoma1 (0.2)
    Colorectal1 (0.2)
    Renal cell carcinoma1 (0.2)
    Duodenal/bowel1 (0.2)
    Lung1 (0.2)
    Pleomorphic adenoma1 (0.2)
    Parathyroid adenoma1 (0.2)
    Osteosarcoma1 (0.2)
    Ewing sarcoma1 (0.2)
    Ovarian cancer1 (0.2)
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