Geriatric nutritional risk index predicts postoperative delirium in elderly: A meta-analysis

Siye Xie; Qi Wu

doi:10.15537/smj.2024.45.9.20240216

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The geriatric nutrition risk index versus the mini-nutritional assessment short form in predicting postoperative delirium and hospital length of stay among older non-cardiac surgical patients: a prospective cohort study. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20: 107.
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Malnutrition, nutritional interventions and clinical outcomes of patients with acute small bowel obstruction: results from a national, multicentre, prospective audit. BMJ open 2019; 9: e029235.
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The preoperative geriatric nutritional risk index predicts postoperative complications in elderly patients with gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy. In Vivo 2018; 32: 1667-1672.
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OpenUrl
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2. Yap P,
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The relationship between the modified frailty index score (mFI-5), malnutrition, body composition, systemic inflammation and short-term clinical outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. BMC geriatrics 2023; 23: 9.
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Postoperative delirium and changes in the blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, and cerebrospinal fluid lactate: a prospective cohort study. Br J Anaesth 2022; 129: 219-230.
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Keywords

[1] 1.↵
Hughes CG,
Boncyk CS,
Culley DJ,
Fleisher LA,
Leung JM,
McDonagh DL, et al.
American Society for enhanced recovery and perioperative quality initiative joint consensus statement on postoperative delirium prevention. Anesth Analg 2020; 130: 1572-1590.
OpenUrl PubMed

[2] Hughes CG,

[3] Boncyk CS,

[4] Culley DJ,

[5] Fleisher LA,

[6] Leung JM,

[7] McDonagh DL, et al.

[8] 2.↵
Jin Z,
Hu J,
Ma D
. Postoperative delirium: perioperative assessment, risk reduction, and management. Br J Anaesth 2020; 125: 492-504.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[9] Jin Z,

[10] Hu J,

[11] Ma D

[12] 3.↵
Ma X,
Chu H,
Han K,
Shao Q,
Yu Y,
Jia S, et al.
Postoperative delirium after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc 2023; 71: 646-660.
OpenUrl

[13] Ma X,

[14] Chu H,

[15] Han K,

[16] Shao Q,

[17] Yu Y,

[18] Jia S, et al.

[19] 4.↵
Huang H,
Li H,
Zhang X,
Shi G,
Xu M,
Ru X, et al.
Association of postoperative delirium with cognitive outcomes: A meta-analysis. J Clin Anesth 2021; 75: 110496.
OpenUrl

[20] Huang H,

[21] Li H,

[22] Zhang X,

[23] Shi G,

[24] Xu M,

[25] Ru X, et al.

[26] 5.
Evered LA,
Chan MTV,
Han R,
Chu MHM,
Cheng BP,
Scott DA, et al.
Anaesthetic depth and delirium after major surgery: a randomised clinical trial. Br J Anaesth 2021; 127: 704-712.
OpenUrl CrossRef

[27] Evered LA,

[28] Chan MTV,

[29] Han R,

[30] Chu MHM,

[31] Cheng BP,

[32] Scott DA, et al.

[33] 6.↵
Swarbrick CJ,
Partridge JSL
. Evidence-based strategies to reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium: a narrative review. Anaesthesia 2022; 77: 92-101.
OpenUrl CrossRef

[34] Swarbrick CJ,

[35] Partridge JSL

[36] 7.↵
Hawley S,
Inman D,
Gregson CL,
Whitehouse M,
Johansen A,
Judge A
. Risk factors and 120-day functional outcomes of delirium after hip fracture surgery: A prospective cohort study using the uk national hip fracture database (nhfd). J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24: 694-701.
OpenUrl

[37] Hawley S,

[38] Inman D,

[39] Gregson CL,

[40] Whitehouse M,

[41] Johansen A,

[42] Judge A

[43] 8.
Fuchita M,
Khan SH,
Perkins AJ,
Gao S,
Wang S,
Kesler KA, et al.
Perioperative risk factors for postoperative delirium in patients undergoing esophagectomy. Ann Thorac Surg 2019; 108: 190-195.
OpenUrl PubMed

[44] Fuchita M,

[45] Khan SH,

[46] Perkins AJ,

[47] Gao S,

[48] Wang S,

[49] Kesler KA, et al.

[50] 9.
Kim H,
Park H,
Kim EK
. Risk factors for postoperative delirium in patients with colorectal cancer. J Clin Nurs 2022; 31: 174-183.
OpenUrl

[51] Kim H,

[52] Park H,

[53] Kim EK

[54] 10.↵
Bramley P,
McArthur K,
Blayney A,
McCullagh I
. Risk factors for postoperative delirium: An umbrella review of systematic reviews. Int J Surg 2021; 93: 106063.
OpenUrl PubMed

[55] Bramley P,

[56] McArthur K,

[57] Blayney A,

[58] McCullagh I

[59] 11.↵
Bouillanne O,
Morineau G,
Dupont C,
Coulombel I,
Vincent JP,
Nicolis I, et al.
Geriatric nutritional risk index: A new index for evaluating at-risk elderly medical patients. TAm J Clin Nutr 2005; 82: 777-783.
OpenUrl

[60] Bouillanne O,

[61] Morineau G,

[62] Dupont C,

[63] Coulombel I,

[64] Vincent JP,

[65] Nicolis I, et al.

[66] 12.
Kregel HR,
Murphy PB,
Attia M,
Meyer DE,
Morris RS,
Onyema EC, et al.
The geriatric nutritional risk index as a predictor of complications in geriatric trauma patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2022; 93: 195-199.
OpenUrl

[67] Kregel HR,

[68] Murphy PB,

[69] Attia M,

[70] Meyer DE,

[71] Morris RS,

[72] Onyema EC, et al.

[73] 13.
Cederholm T,
Jensen GL,
Correia M,
Gonzalez MC,
Fukushima R,
Higashiguchi T, et al.
GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition - A consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community. Clin Nutr 2019; 38: 1-9.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[74] Cederholm T,

[75] Jensen GL,

[76] Correia M,

[77] Gonzalez MC,

[78] Fukushima R,

[79] Higashiguchi T, et al.

[80] 14.↵
Nakagawa N,
Maruyama K,
Hasebe N
. Utility of geriatric nutritional risk index in patients with chronic kidney disease: A mini-review. Nutrients 2021; 13: 3688.
OpenUrl

[81] Nakagawa N,

[82] Maruyama K,

[83] Hasebe N

[84] 15.↵
Wells GA,
Shea BJ,
O’Connell D
. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of non-randomized studies in Meta-analysis. Appl Eng Agric 2014; 18: 727-734.
OpenUrl

[85] Wells GA,

[86] Shea BJ,

[87] O’Connell D

[88] 16.↵
Geng J,
He ST,
Mu DL
. Association of malnutrition before non-cardiac surgery with emergence delirium and postoperative delirium in older patients. BMC Geriatr 2022; 57: 534-537.
OpenUrl

[89] Geng J,

[90] He ST,

[91] Mu DL

[92] 17.↵
Takahashi M,
Sowa T,
Tokumasu H,
Gomyoda T,
Okada H,
Ota S, et al.
Comparison of three nutritional scoring systems for outcomes after complete resection of non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 162: 1257-1268.
OpenUrl

[93] Takahashi M,

[94] Sowa T,

[95] Tokumasu H,

[96] Gomyoda T,

[97] Okada H,

[98] Ota S, et al.

[99] 18.↵
Zhao Y,
Ge N,
Xie D,
Gao L,
Wang Y,
Liao Y, et al.
The geriatric nutrition risk index versus the mini-nutritional assessment short form in predicting postoperative delirium and hospital length of stay among older non-cardiac surgical patients: a prospective cohort study. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20: 107.
OpenUrl

[100] Zhao Y,

[101] Ge N,

[102] Xie D,

[103] Gao L,

[104] Wang Y,

[105] Liao Y, et al.

[106] 19.↵
Lee MJ,
Sayers AE,
Drake TM,
Singh P,
Bradburn M,
Wilson TR, et al.
Malnutrition, nutritional interventions and clinical outcomes of patients with acute small bowel obstruction: results from a national, multicentre, prospective audit. BMJ open 2019; 9: e029235.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[107] Lee MJ,

[108] Sayers AE,

[109] Drake TM,

[110] Singh P,

[111] Bradburn M,

[112] Wilson TR, et al.

[113] 20.
Wang JH,
Wu GH
. Influence of preoperative nutritional risk index on the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing mechanical heart valve replacement. Hainan Medicine 2019; 30: 2761-2764.
OpenUrl

[114] Wang JH,

[115] Wu GH

[116] 21.↵
Kushiyama S,
Sakurai K,
Kubo N,
Tamamori Y,
Nishii T,
Tachimori A, et al.
The preoperative geriatric nutritional risk index predicts postoperative complications in elderly patients with gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy. In Vivo 2018; 32: 1667-1672.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[117] Kushiyama S,

[118] Sakurai K,

[119] Kubo N,

[120] Tamamori Y,

[121] Nishii T,

[122] Tachimori A, et al.

[123] 22.↵
Xiong CH,
Xiong SM,
Wang XY,
Li X,
Fang L
. Establishment of a Nomogram model of postoperative delirium in elderly patients with hip fracture combined with preoperative nutritional assessment results. Nursing Research 2020; 34: 2457-2462.
OpenUrl

[124] Xiong CH,

[125] Xiong SM,

[126] Wang XY,

[127] Li X,

[128] Fang L

[129] 23.↵
Schuetz P,
Seres D,
Lobo DN,
Gomes F,
Kaegi-Braun N,
Stanga Z
. Management of disease-related malnutrition for patients being treated in hospital. Lancet 2021; 398: 1927-1938.
OpenUrl

[130] Schuetz P,

[131] Seres D,

[132] Lobo DN,

[133] Gomes F,

[134] Kaegi-Braun N,

[135] Stanga Z

[136] 24.
Chan HCN,
Fei X,
Leung ELY,
Langston K,
Marshall S,
van der Meij BS
. Post-discharge consequences of protein-energy malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty in older adults admitted to rehabilitation: A systematic review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 54: 382-397.
OpenUrl

[137] Chan HCN,

[138] Fei X,

[139] Leung ELY,

[140] Langston K,

[141] Marshall S,

[142] van der Meij BS

[143] 25.
Cheong CY,
Yap P,
Yap KB,
Ng TP
. Associations of inflammatory, metabolic, malnutrition, and frailty indexes with multimorbidity incidence and progression, and mortality impact: Singapore longitudinal aging study. Gerontology 2023; 69: 416-427.
OpenUrl

[144] Cheong CY,

[145] Yap P,

[146] Yap KB,

[147] Ng TP

[148] 26.↵
McGovern J,
Grayston A,
Coates D,
Leadbitter S,
Hounat A,
Horgan PG, et al.
The relationship between the modified frailty index score (mFI-5), malnutrition, body composition, systemic inflammation and short-term clinical outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. BMC geriatrics 2023; 23: 9.
OpenUrl

[149] McGovern J,

[150] Grayston A,

[151] Coates D,

[152] Leadbitter S,

[153] Hounat A,

[154] Horgan PG, et al.

[155] 27.↵
Taylor J,
Parker M,
Casey CP,
Tanabe S,
Kunkel D,
Rivera C, et al.
Postoperative delirium and changes in the blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, and cerebrospinal fluid lactate: a prospective cohort study. Br J Anaesth 2022; 129: 219-230.
OpenUrl

[156] Taylor J,

[157] Parker M,

[158] Casey CP,

[159] Tanabe S,

[160] Kunkel D,

[161] Rivera C, et al.

[162] 28.↵
Devinney MJ,
Wong MK,
Wright MC,
Marcantonio ER,
Terrando N,
Browndyke JN, et al.
Role of Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Delirium following Non-cardiac Surgery in Older Adults. Ann Neurol 2023; 94: 1024-1035.
OpenUrl

[163] Devinney MJ,

[164] Wong MK,

[165] Wright MC,

[166] Marcantonio ER,

[167] Terrando N,

[168] Browndyke JN, et al.

[169] 29.↵
Jayanama K,
Theou O,
Blodgett JM,
Cahill L,
Rockwood K
. Correction to: Frailty, nutrition-related parameters, and mortality across the adult age spectrum. BMC Med 2018; 16: 235.
OpenUrl

[170] Jayanama K,

[171] Theou O,

[172] Blodgett JM,

[173] Cahill L,

[174] Rockwood K

[175] 30.↵
Sieber CC
. Malnutrition and sarcopenia. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31: 793-798.
OpenUrl PubMed

[176] Sieber CC

[177] 31.↵
Meza-Valderrama D,
Marco E,
Dávalos-Yerovi V,
Muns MD,
Tejero-Sánchez M,
Duarte E, et al.
Sarcopenia, malnutrition, and cachexia: Adapting definitions and terminology of nutritional disorders in older people with cancer. Nutrients 2021; 13: 761.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[178] Meza-Valderrama D,

[179] Marco E,

[180] Dávalos-Yerovi V,

[181] Muns MD,

[182] Tejero-Sánchez M,

[183] Duarte E, et al.

[184] 32.↵
Saeki C,
Kinoshita A,
Kanai T,
Ueda K,
Nakano M,
Oikawa T, et al.
The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index predicts sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13: 3888.
OpenUrl

[185] Saeki C,

[186] Kinoshita A,

[187] Kanai T,

[188] Ueda K,

[189] Nakano M,

[190] Oikawa T, et al.

[191] 33.↵
Ligthart-Melis GC,
Luiking YC,
Kakourou A,
Cederholm T,
Maier AB
, de van der Schueren MAE. Frailty, sarcopenia, and malnutrition frequently (Co-)occur in hospitalized older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 21: 1216-1228.
OpenUrl PubMed

[192] Ligthart-Melis GC,

[193] Luiking YC,

[194] Kakourou A,

[195] Cederholm T,

[196] Maier AB

[197] 34.↵
Roberts S,
Collins P,
Rattray M. Identifying and
Managing Malnutrition
, Frailty and Sarcopenia in the Community: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13: 2316.
OpenUrl

[198] Roberts S,

[199] Collins P,

[200] Rattray M. Identifying and

[201] Managing Malnutrition

[202] 35.↵
Cai S,
Li J,
Gao J,
Pan W,
Zhang Y
. Prediction models for postoperative delirium after cardiac surgery: Systematic review and critical appraisal. Int J Nurs Stud 2022; 136: 104340.
OpenUrl

[203] Cai S,

[204] Li J,

[205] Gao J,

[206] Pan W,

[207] Zhang Y

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