Is postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy necessary for patients with esophageal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy?

References

1. 1.↵
   1. Wang H,
   2. Tang H,
   3. Fang Y,
   4. Tan L,
   5. Yin J,
   6. Shen Y et al.

   Morbidity and mortality of patients who underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy vs neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg 2021; 156: 444-451.

   OpenUrl
2. 2.↵
   1. Ajani JA,
   2. D’Amico TA,
   3. Bentrem DJ,
   4. Cooke D,
   5. Corvera C,
   6. Das P et al.

   Esophageal and Esophagogastric Junction Cancers, Version 2.2023, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2023; 21: 393-422.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
3. 3.↵
   1. Liu S,
   2. Wen J,
   3. Yang H,
   4. Li Q,
   5. Chen Y,
   6. Zhu C et al.

   Recurrence patterns after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy compared with surgery alone in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: results from the multicenter phase III trial NEOCRTEC5010. Eur J Cancer 2020; 138: 113-121.

   OpenUrlPubMed
4. 4.↵
   1. Eyck BM,
   2. van Lanschot JJB,
   3. Hulshof MCCM,
   4. van der Wilk BJ,
   5. Shapiro J,
   6. van Hagen P et al.

   Ten-year outcome of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus surgery for esophageal cancer: The randomized controlled CROSS trial. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39: 1995-2004.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
5. 5.↵
   1. Liu G,
   2. Hu B,
   3. Chen T,
   4. Zhang X,
   5. Tang Y,
   6. Chen Q et al.

   Recurrence timing and patterns incorporating lymph node status after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14: 1310073.

   OpenUrl
6. 6.↵
   1. Lee Y,
   2. Samarasinghe Y,
   3. Lee MH,
   4. Thiru L,
   5. Shargall Y,
   6. Finley C et al.

   Role of adjuvant therapy in esophageal cancer patients after neoadjuvant therapy and esophagectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg 2022; 275: 91-98.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
7. 7.↵
   1. Yap WK,
   2. Shih MC,
   3. Chang YC,
   4. Lin CH,
   5. Huang SM,
   6. Tsai TY et al.

   Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy associated with improved overall survival in resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in intensity-modulated radiotherapy era. Biomedicines 2022; 10: 2989.

   OpenUrl
8. 8.↵
   1. Raja S,
   2. Rice TW,
   3. Lu M,
   4. Semple ME,
   5. Blackstone EH,
   6. Murthy SC et al.

   Adjuvant therapy after neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer: Who needs it? Ann Surg 2023; 278: e240-e249.

   OpenUrl
9. 9.↵
   1. Zhao K,
   2. Si Y,
   3. Sun L,
   4. Meng X,
   5. Yu J

   . Efficacy and toxicity of re-irradiation for esophageal cancer patients with locoregional recurrence: a retrospective analysis. Radiat Oncol 2020; 15: 243.

   OpenUrl
10. 10.
    1. Lan K,
    2. Chen J

    . Efficacy and safety of re-irradiation for locoregional esophageal squamous cell carcinoma recurrence after radiotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiat Oncol 2022; 17: 61.

    OpenUrl
11. 11.
    1. Gabrys D,
    2. Kulik R,
    3. Namysł-Kaletka A

    . Re-irradiation for intra-thoracic tumours and extra-thoracic breast cancer: dose accumulation, evaluation of efficacy and toxicity based on a literature review. Br J Radiol 2022; 95: 20201292.

    OpenUrl
12. 12.
    1. Lin JW,
    2. Li C,
    3. Yeh HL,
    4. Chuang CY,
    5. Chen CC

    . Adjuvant chemotherapy for pathological node-positive disease in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus surgery. J Pers Med 2022; 12: 1252.

    OpenUrl
13. 13.↵
    1. Park SY,
    2. Kim HK,
    3. Jeon YJ,
    4. Lee J,
    5. Cho JH,
    6. Choi YS et al.

    The role of adjuvant chemotherapy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res Treat 2023; 55: 1231-1239.

    OpenUrl
14. 14.↵
    1. Li X,
    2. Luan S,
    3. Yang Y,
    4. Zhou J,
    5. Shang Q,
    6. Fang P et al.

    Trimodal therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Role of adjuvant therapy following neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgery. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14: 3721.

    OpenUrl
15. 15.↵
    1. Drake J,
    2. Tauer K,
    3. Portnoy D,
    4. Weksler B

    . Adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with improved survival in patients with nodal metastases after neoadjuvant therapy and esophagectomy. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11: 2546-2554.

    OpenUrl
16. 16.↵
    1. La Mendola R,
    2. Bencivenga M,
    3. Torroni L,
    4. Alberti L,
    5. Sacco M,
    6. Casella F et al.

    Pretreatment primary tumor stage is a risk factor for recurrence in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who achieve pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28: 3034-3043.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
17. 17.↵
    1. Leng X,
    2. He W,
    3. Yang H,
    4. Chen Y,
    5. Zhu C,
    6. Fang W et al.

    Prognostic Impact of Postoperative Lymph Node Metastases After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Esophagus: From the Results of NEOCRTEC5010, a Randomized Multicenter Study. Ann Surg 2021; 274: e1022-e1029.

    OpenUrl
18. 18.↵
    1. Yang H,
    2. Liu H,
    3. Chen Y,
    4. Zhu C,
    5. Fang W,
    6. Yu Z et al.

    Long-term efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus surgery for the treatment of locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: The NEOCRTEC5010 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg 2021; 156: 721-729.

    OpenUrl
19. 19.↵
    1. Wu Z,
    2. Yu B

    . Tumor size as a critical prognostic factor in T1-2 stage esophageal cancer. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2020; 2020: 2796943.

    OpenUrl
20. 20.
    1. Koterazawa Y,
    2. Oshikiri T,
    3. Goto H,
    4. Kato T,
    5. Sawada R,
    6. Harada H et al.

    Impact of tumor size on survival outcome in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after esophagectomy following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31: 2482-2489.

    OpenUrl
21. 21.↵
    1. Zhang Y,
    2. Zhang Y,
    3. Peng L,
    4. Zhang L

    . Research progress on the predicting factors and coping strategies for postoperative recurrence of esophageal cancer. Cells 2022; 12:114.

    OpenUrl
22. 22.
    1. Kandilis A,
    2. Iniguez CB,
    3. Khalil H,
    4. Mazzola E,
    5. Jaklitsch MT,
    6. Swanson SJ et al.

    Residual lymph node disease and mortality following neoadjuvant chemoradiation and curative esophagectomy for distal esophageal adenocarcinoma. JTCVS Open 2021; 5: 135-147.

    OpenUrl
23. 23.↵
    1. Tian D,
    2. Li HX,
    3. Yang YS,
    4. Yan HJ,
    5. Jiang KY,
    6. Zheng YB et al.

    The minimum number of examined lymph nodes for accurate nodal staging and optimal survival of stage T1-2 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective multicenter cohort with SEER database validation. Int J Surg 2022; 104: 106764.

    OpenUrl
24. 24.
    1. Zheng YZ,
    2. Li XQ,
    3. Wang JY,
    4. Yang H,
    5. Wen J,
    6. Zhai WY et al.

    Impact of examined lymph node count for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in patients who underwent left transthoracic oesophagectomy. Eur J Surg Oncol 2020; 46: 1956-1962.

    OpenUrl
25. 25.↵
    1. Zheng YZ,
    2. Li XQ,
    3. Wang JY,
    4. Yang H,
    5. Wen J,
    6. Zhai WY et al.

    Impact of examined lymph node count for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in patients who underwent right transthoracic esophagectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28: 3025-3033.

    OpenUrl
26. 26.↵
    1. Yeung JC,
    2. Bains MS,
    3. Barbetta A,
    4. Nobel T,
    5. DeMeester SR,
    6. Louie BE et al.

    How many nodes need to be removed to make esophagectomy an adequate cancer operation, and does the number change when a patient has chemoradiotherapy before surgery? Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 27: 1227-1232.

    OpenUrl
27. 27.↵
    1. Liu X,
    2. Yang X,
    3. Wu Q,
    4. Zhang T,
    5. Jiang D,
    6. Wang Z

    . Can patients with good tumor regression grading after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy be exempted from lateral lymph node dissection? Discov Oncol 2022; 13: 144.

    OpenUrl
28. 28.↵
    1. Sihag S,
    2. Nobel T,
    3. Hsu M,
    4. Tan KS,
    5. Carr R,
    6. Janjigian YY et al.

    A more extensive lymphadenectomy enhances survival after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg 2022; 276: 312-317.

    OpenUrl
29. 29.↵
    1. Hagens ERC,
    2. Künzli HT,
    3. van Rijswijk AS,
    4. Meijer SL,
    5. Mijnals RCD,
    6. Weusten BLAM et al.

    Distribution of lymph node metastases in esophageal adenocarcinoma after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy: A prospective study. Surg Endosc 2020; 34: 4347-4357.

    OpenUrl
30. 30.↵
    1. Zhang Y,
    2. Cao Y,
    3. Zhang J,
    4. Huang M,
    5. Roy P,
    6. Huang B et al.

    Lymph node ratio improves prediction of overall survival in esophageal cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: A national cancer database analysis. Ann Surg 2022; 277: e1239-e1246

    OpenUrl
31. 31.↵
    1. Sun Z,
    2. Xu X,
    3. Zhao X,
    4. Ma X,
    5. Ye Q

    . Impact of postoperative lymph node status on the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after esophagectomy following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: a retrospective study. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12: 2685-2695.

    OpenUrl
32. 32.↵
    1. Xi M,
    2. Yang Y,
    3. Zhang L,
    4. Yang H,
    5. Merrell KW,
    6. Hallemeier CL et al.

    Multi-institutional analysis of recurrence and survival after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy of esophageal cancer: Impact of histology on recurrence patterns and outcomes. Ann Surg 2019; 269: 663-670.

    OpenUrl