Electronic device usage among preschool children and its association with mental health status in Saudi Arabian kindergartens

References

1. 1.↵
   1. McNeill J,
   2. Howard SJ,
   3. Vella SA,
   4. Cliff DP

   . Longitudinal Associations of Electronic Application use and media program viewing with cognitive and psychosocial development in preschoolers. Acad Pediatr 2019; 19: 520-528.

   OpenUrl
2. 2.↵
   1. Alqarni TA,
   2. Alshamrani MA,
   3. Alzahrani AS,
   4. Alrefaie AM,
   5. Balkhair OH,
   6. Alsaegh SZ

   . C. J Family Community Med 2022; 29: 24–33.

   OpenUrl
3. 3.↵
   1. Byrne R,
   2. Terranova CO,
   3. Trost SG

   . Measurement of screen time among young children aged 0-6 years: A systematic review. Obesity Reviews 2021; 22: e13260.

   OpenUrl
4. 4.↵
   1. McArthur BA,
   2. Volkova V,
   3. Tomopoulos S,
   4. Madigan S

   . Global prevalence of meeting screen time guidelines among children 5 years and younger: A Systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2022; 176: 373-383.

   OpenUrl
5. 5.↵
   World Health Organization. Guidelines on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children under 5 years of age. [updated 2019; cited 3 Jun 2024].
6. 6.↵
   1. MEDIA COCA,
   2. Strasburger VC,
   3. Hogan MJ,
   4. Mulligan DA,
   5. Ameenuddin N,
   6. Christakis DA, et al.

   Children, Adolescents, and the Media. Pediatrics 2013; 132: 958-961.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
7. 7.↵
   1. Schlack R,
   2. Peerenboom N,
   3. Neuperdt L,
   4. Junker S,
   5. Beyer AK

   . The effects of mental health problems in childhood and adolescence in young adults: Results of the KiGGS cohort. J Health Monit 2021; 6: 3.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
8. 8.↵
   1. Stiglic N,
   2. Viner RM

   . Effects of screentime on the health and well-being of children and adolescents: a systematic review of reviews. BMJ Open 2019; 9: e023191.

   OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
9. 9.↵
   1. Janssen X,
   2. Martin A,
   3. Hughes AR,
   4. Hill CM,
   5. Kotronoulas G,
   6. Hesketh KR

   . Associations of screen time, sedentary time and physical activity with sleep in under 5s: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2020; 49: 101226.

   OpenUrl
10. 10.↵
    1. Girela-Serrano BM,
    2. Spiers ADV,
    3. Ruotong L,
    4. Gangadia S,
    5. Toledano MB,
    6. Di Simplicio M

    . Impact of mobile phones and wireless devices use on children and adolescents’ mental health: a systematic review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 1: 1-31.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
11. 11.↵
    1. Al Jamaan MA,
    2. Al Mulhim M,
    3. Alkhateeb D,
    4. Al Jamaan M,
    5. Elmedany Y

    . Effects of electronic device usage on primary school children in Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study assessment of referrals by family physicians at King Abdulaziz View project Effect of Family Physician Qualification on Patient View project E. Int J Sci Res 2019; 8: 1770–1776.

    OpenUrl
12. 12.↵
    1. Nielsen LG,
    2. Rimvall MK,
    3. Clemmensen L,
    4. Munkholm A,
    5. Elberling H,
    6. Olsen EM, et al.

    The predictive validity of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in preschool age to identify mental disorders in preadolescence. PLoS One 2019; 14: e0217707.

    OpenUrlPubMed
13. 13.↵
    1. Al-Hendawi M

    . Validation of the Arabic Version of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in Early Childhood Education in Qatar. Children 2023; 10: 146.

    OpenUrl
14. 14.↵
    1. Goodman R

    . Psychometric properties of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001; 40: 1337-1345.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
15. 15.↵
    1. Nathan T,
    2. Muthupalaniappen L,
    3. Muhammad NA

    . Prevalence and description of digital device use among preschool children: A cross-sectional study in Kota Setar District, Kedah. Malays Fam Physician 2022; 17: 114.

    OpenUrl
16. 16.↵
    1. Tamana SK,
    2. Ezeugwu V,
    3. Chikuma J,
    4. Lefebvre DL,
    5. Azad MB,
    6. Moraes TJ, et al.

    Screen-time is associated with inattention problems in preschoolers: Results from the CHILD birth cohort study. PLoS One 2019;14: e0213995.

    OpenUrl
17. 17.↵
    1. Tang S,
    2. Werner-Seidler A,
    3. Torok M,
    4. Mackinnon AJ,
    5. Christensen H

    . The relationship between screen time and mental health in young people: A systematic review of longitudinal studies. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 86: 102021.

    OpenUrl
18. 18.↵
    1. Taylor MJ,
    2. Martin J,
    3. Lu Y,
    4. Brikell I,
    5. Lundström S,
    6. Larsson H, et al.

    Association of genetic risk factors for psychiatric disorders and traits of these disorders in a Swedish population twin sample. JAMA Psychiatry 2019; 76: 280-289.

    OpenUrl
19. 19.↵
    1. Cooper K,
    2. Stewart K

    . Does household income affect children’s outcomes? A systematic review of the evidence. Child Indic Res 2021; 14: 981–1005.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
20. 20.↵
    1. Nibras S,
    2. Kentor R,
    3. Masood Y,
    4. Price K,
    5. Schneider NM,
    6. Tenenbaum RB, et al.

    Psychological and psychiatric comorbidities in youth with serious physical illness. Children 2022;9: 1051.

    OpenUrl
21. 21.↵
    1. Reiss F,
    2. Meyrose AK,
    3. Otto C,
    4. Lampert T,
    5. Klasen F,
    6. Ravens-Sieberer U

    . Socioeconomic status, stressful life situations and mental health problems in children and adolescents: Results of the German BELLA cohort-study. PLoS One 2019; 14: e0213700.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
22. 22.↵
    1. Xiao SX,
    2. Hashi EC,
    3. Korous KM,
    4. Eisenberg N

    . Gender differences across multiple types of prosocial behavior in adolescence: A meta-analysis of the prosocial tendency measure-revised (PTM-R). J Adolesc 2019; 77: 41-58.

    OpenUrl
23. 23.↵
    1. Martínez-Gregorio S,
    2. Tomás JM,
    3. Oliver A

    . A psychometric study of the prosocial behavior scale: differential item functioning by gender. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13: 259.

    OpenUrl
24. 24.↵
    1. Park H,
    2. Lee KS

    . The association of family structure with health behavior, mental health, and perceived academic achievement among adolescents: A 2018 Korean nationally representative survey. BMC Public Health 2020; 2:1–10.

    OpenUrl
25. 25.↵
    1. Wen L,
    2. Yang K,
    3. Cao Y,
    4. Qu M,
    5. Xiu M

    . Parental marital status and anxiety symptoms in adolescents: the mediating effect of childhood maltreatment. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 1–9.