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Successful management of human parainfluenza virus-3 outbreak in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit

Nabiha A. Bouafia, Mohammed F. Qureshi, Reham Q. Alwetishi, Naoufel M. Kaabia, Dalal Bukhari, Maechel Joy L. Santiago, Mohammed A. Althomali, Souad M. Alateah, Fawaz T. Kashlan, Hania M. Farhan, Ziyad H. Alhaje and Abdurahman N. Al Odayani
Saudi Medical Journal May 2025, 46 (5) 571-575; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2025.46.5.20240864

Article Figures & Data

Figures

  • Figure 1
    Figure 1

    - Neonatal intensive care unit setting and geographic distribution of human immunodeficiency virus type 3 cases. HDU: high dependency unit, NICU: neonatal intensive care unit, HPIV-3: human parainfluenza virus type 3

  • Figure 2
    Figure 2

    - Epidemic curve of human parainfluenza virus type 3 outbreak in neonatal intensive care unit. HDU: high dependency unit, NICU: neonatal intensive care unit, HPIV-3: human parainfluenza virus type 3, HCW: healthcare worker

Tables

  • Table 1

    - Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with human parainfluenza virus type 3.

    Variablesn (%)
    Gender, male11 (50.0)
    Gestational age (weeks)
    Preterm (<37 weeks)11 (50.0)
    Full term (>37 weeks)11 (50.0)
    Birth weight categories
    751-1000 gr3 (13.6)
    1001-1500 gr5 (22.8)
    1500-2500 gr4 (18.2)
    >2500 gr9 (40.9)
    Age groups at time of HPIV-3 infection
    less than one month1 (4.5)
    1-6 months6 (27.0)
    6-12 months4 (18.0)
    >12 months11 (50.0)
    Underlining medical condition
    Patient with one or more underlining diseases18 (81.8)
    Neurologic disease9 (41.0)
    Cardiac disease2 (9.0)
    Preterm babies with CLD4 (18.2)
    Gastrointestinal disease2 (9.0)
    Other genetic syndromes5 (22.8)
    Main symptoms
    Fever and cough with or without increased secretions10 (45.5)
    Cough with or without runny nose7 (31.8)
    Desaturation with or without cough or fever3 (13.7)
    Feed intolerance + cough or fever2 (9.0)
    Clinical presentation
    LRTI18 (81.8)
    URTI4 (18.2)
    Oxygen therapy support
    Yes with invasive ventilation (intubation/tracheostomy)4 (18.2)
    Yes with non-invasive ventilation (CPAP, HFNC, NC)12 (54.5)
    Room air6 (27.3)
    Duration of illness, mean (median [range])17.5 days (17 days [8-39])
    7-10 days4 (18.0)
    11-17 days7 (31.0)
    >17 days11 (50.0)
    Outcomes
    Death1 (4.5)
    Well recovery21 (95.0)

    Variables are presented as numbers and percentages (%).

    HPIV-3: human parainfluenza viruse type 3, CLD: chronic lung disease, LRTI: lower respiratory tract infection,

    URTI: upper respiratory tract infection,

    CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure,

    HFNC: high flow nasal cannula, NC: nasal cannula

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