Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Latest
    • Archive
    • home
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Reviewers
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Office
    • Editorial Board
  • More
    • Advertising
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Folders
    • Help
  • Other Publications
    • NeuroSciences Journal

User menu

  • My alerts
  • Log in

Search

  • Advanced search
Saudi Medical Journal
  • Other Publications
    • NeuroSciences Journal
  • My alerts
  • Log in
Saudi Medical Journal

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Latest
    • Archive
    • home
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Reviewers
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Office
    • Editorial Board
  • More
    • Advertising
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Folders
    • Help
  • Follow psmmc on Twitter
  • Visit psmmc on Facebook
  • RSS
Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Infectious and inflammatory disorders of the circulatory system as risk factors for stroke in Saudi children

Mustafa A. Salih, AbdelGalil M. Abdel-Gader, Ahmed A. Al-Jarallah, Amal Y. Kentab, Mohamed O. Gadelrab, Ibrahim A. Alorainy, Hamdy H. Hassan and Jihad N. Zahraa
Saudi Medical Journal March 2006, 27 (3 Supplement) S41-S52;
Mustafa A. Salih
Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, PO Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Fax. +966 (1) 4679463. E-mail: [email protected]
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: [email protected]
AbdelGalil M. Abdel-Gader
Department of Pediatrics, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Ahmed A. Al-Jarallah
Division of Pediatric Neurology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Amal Y. Kentab
Division of Pediatric Neurology
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Mohamed O. Gadelrab
Unit of Immunology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Ibrahim A. Alorainy
Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Hamdy H. Hassan
Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Jihad N. Zahraa
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • eLetters
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF
Loading

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To report on the role of infectious and inflammatory disorders as risk factors for stroke in a prospective and retrospective cohort of Saudi children.

METHODS: Children, who presented with stroke, were evaluated at the Division of Pediatric Neurology or admitted to King Khalid University Hospital, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the periods July 1992 to February 2001 (retrospective study) and February 2001 to March 2003 (prospective study). Investigations for suspected cases included hemostatic assays, microbiological and serological tests. Neuroimaging included cranial CT, MRI, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), magnetic resonance venography (MRV) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) brain scan.

RESULTS: Of the 104 Saudi children with stroke, seen during the combined study periods of 10 years and 7 months, infectious and inflammatory disorders of the circulatory system were the identified risk factor in 18 (17.3%). Five children had stroke following acute bacterial meningitis at ages ranging between 5-21 months. The causative organism was identified in 3 of them and consisted of Haemophilus influenzae (in a 5-month-old girl), Streptococcus pneumoniae (in a 21-month-old girl complicated by subdural empyema and sinovenous thrombosis), and Staphylococcus aureus in a 6-month-old boy who had an underlying chronic granulomatous disease. Unspecified meningitis/meningoencephalitis affected 4 patients, whereas 3 children had an underlying congenital infection as a cause for their stroke. Two of the latter 3 children were diagnosed to have congenital toxoplasmosis, and the third had congenital rubella syndrome. Two girls had stroke following septicemia at ages of one and 2 months. Neurobrucellosis caused stroke in 2 boys at the ages of 4 1/2 and 4 years. In both patients, neuroimaging revealed lacunar and other infarcts involving mainly the deep cerebral nuclei, secondary to occlusion of small penetrating end arteries. Two patients presented with cerebrovascular disease following systemic lupus erythematosus. These were a 12-year-old girl and a 5-year-old boy.

CONCLUSION: Several of the infectious diseases that caused stroke in this cohort of Saudi children are potentially preventable through childhood immunization programs or other maternity health programs. In particular, immunogenic conjugate vaccines against the 3 most common organisms causing acute bacterial meningitis (Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis and defined serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae) are needed to protect the young (<2 years) who are mostly affected.

  • Copyright: © Saudi Medical Journal

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial License (CC BY-NC), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

Saudi Medical Journal: 27 (3 Supplement)
Saudi Medical Journal
Vol. 27, Issue 3 Supplement
1 Mar 2006
  • Table of Contents
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
  • Cover (PDF)
  • Index by author
Download PDF
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Saudi Medical Journal.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Infectious and inflammatory disorders of the circulatory system as risk factors for stroke in Saudi children
(Your Name) has sent you a message from Saudi Medical Journal
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the Saudi Medical Journal web site.
Citation Tools
Infectious and inflammatory disorders of the circulatory system as risk factors for stroke in Saudi children
Mustafa A. Salih, AbdelGalil M. Abdel-Gader, Ahmed A. Al-Jarallah, Amal Y. Kentab, Mohamed O. Gadelrab, Ibrahim A. Alorainy, Hamdy H. Hassan, Jihad N. Zahraa
Saudi Medical Journal Mar 2006, 27 (3 Supplement) S41-S52;

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
Infectious and inflammatory disorders of the circulatory system as risk factors for stroke in Saudi children
Mustafa A. Salih, AbdelGalil M. Abdel-Gader, Ahmed A. Al-Jarallah, Amal Y. Kentab, Mohamed O. Gadelrab, Ibrahim A. Alorainy, Hamdy H. Hassan, Jihad N. Zahraa
Saudi Medical Journal Mar 2006, 27 (3 Supplement) S41-S52;
Reddit logo Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One
Bookmark this article

Jump to section

  • Article
  • eLetters
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • No citing articles found.
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • The interaction between no folic acid supplementation during early pregnancy and preeclampsia increased the risk of preterm birth
  • The characteristics of Grave’s disease in children and adolescent patients in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah
  • Patellar height changes after treatment of tibia plateau fractures
Show more Original Article

Similar Articles

CONTENT

  • home

JOURNAL

  • home

AUTHORS

  • home
Saudi Medical Journal

© 2023 Saudi Medical Journal Saudi Medical Journal is copyright under the Berne Convention and the International Copyright Convention.  Saudi Medical Journal is an Open Access journal and articles published are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (CC BY-NC). Readers may copy, distribute, and display the work for non-commercial purposes with the proper citation of the original work. Electronic ISSN 1658-3175. Print ISSN 0379-5284.

Powered by HighWire