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Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Primary Sjogren's syndrome with central nervous system involvement

Iftetah A. Alhomoud, Saeed A. Bohlega, Mohammed Z. Alkawi, Abdulaziz M. Alsemari, Saleh M. Omer and Fahmi M. Alsenani
Saudi Medical Journal August 2009, 30 (8) 1067-1072;
Iftetah A. Alhomoud
Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, MBC 76, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Tel. +966 (1) 4647272 Ext. 32772. Fax. +966 (1) 4424763. E-mail: [email protected]
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Saeed A. Bohlega
Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, MBC 76, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Tel. +966 (1) 4647272 Ext. 32772. Fax. +966 (1) 4424763. E-mail: [email protected]
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Mohammed Z. Alkawi
Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, MBC 76, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Tel. +966 (1) 4647272 Ext. 32772. Fax. +966 (1) 4424763. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abdulaziz M. Alsemari
Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, MBC 76, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Tel. +966 (1) 4647272 Ext. 32772. Fax. +966 (1) 4424763. E-mail: [email protected]
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Saleh M. Omer
Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, MBC 76, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Tel. +966 (1) 4647272 Ext. 32772. Fax. +966 (1) 4424763. E-mail: [email protected]
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Fahmi M. Alsenani
Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, MBC 76, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Tel. +966 (1) 4647272 Ext. 32772. Fax. +966 (1) 4424763. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical, laboratory, and radiological features of Primary Sjogren's syndrome (PSS) with central nervous system (CNS) involvement.

METHODS: A retrospective case series of 12 female patients with PSS and CNS involvement at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from 1991-2009. The diagnosis of PSS is defined by the American-European Diagnostic Criteria. We analyzed the clinical, radiological, and immunological features.

RESULTS: The mean age was 40 years (range 16-58 years); all patient were females and presented with active neurological symptoms. The neurological involvement preceded the classic sicca symptoms (33%). Eight patients (66%) presented with myelopathy, 9 patients (75%) had optic neuritis, and the rest had variable neurological signs. Immunological tests (anti-Sjogren's syndrome A and anti-Sjogren's syndrome B) were high in 7 patients (58%). Minor salivary gland biopsy revealed inflammatory cell infiltrate in 11 patients (92%). Brain MRI showed scattered white matter changes in 7 patients (58%). Spine MRI showed multiple foci of hyperintensity in T2-weighted image in 6 patients (50%), and long segment of hyperintensity at the cervical spinal cord in 2 patients (16%).

CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that CNS involvements in PSS have great clinical variability and could precede the classic sicca symptoms by years. Primary Sjogren's syndrome can mimic multiple sclerosis (primary progressive multiple sclerosis or relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis), therefore a screening test for PSS should be considered in suspected cases. A well-defined management protocol awaits studies with larger case numbers.

  • Copyright: © Saudi Medical Journal

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Saudi Medical Journal: 30 (8)
Saudi Medical Journal
Vol. 30, Issue 8
1 Aug 2009
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Primary Sjogren's syndrome with central nervous system involvement
Iftetah A. Alhomoud, Saeed A. Bohlega, Mohammed Z. Alkawi, Abdulaziz M. Alsemari, Saleh M. Omer, Fahmi M. Alsenani
Saudi Medical Journal Aug 2009, 30 (8) 1067-1072;

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Primary Sjogren's syndrome with central nervous system involvement
Iftetah A. Alhomoud, Saeed A. Bohlega, Mohammed Z. Alkawi, Abdulaziz M. Alsemari, Saleh M. Omer, Fahmi M. Alsenani
Saudi Medical Journal Aug 2009, 30 (8) 1067-1072;
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© 2025 Saudi Medical Journal Saudi Medical Journal is copyright under the Berne Convention and the International Copyright Convention.  Saudi Medical Journal is an Open Access journal and articles published are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (CC BY-NC). Readers may copy, distribute, and display the work for non-commercial purposes with the proper citation of the original work. Electronic ISSN 1658-3175. Print ISSN 0379-5284.

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