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Review ArticleReview Article
Open Access

Adipokines and etiopathology of metabolic disorders

Laila M. Al-Dokhi
Saudi Medical Journal September 2009, 30 (9) 1123-1132;
Laila M. Al-Dokhi
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, PO Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Tel. +966 (1) 4786798. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

White adipose tissue is an endocrine organ producing numerous proteins known as adipokines, which include leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin, and other factors, which are involved in most metabolic disorders. In obesity, plasma leptin concentrations are high due to leptin resistance that may result from the attenuation of leptin signaling in the hypothalamus. Leptin acts to inhibit appetite, stimulate thermogenesis, enhance fatty acid oxidation, decrease glucose, and reduce body weight, and fat. A reduced adiponectin level has been associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis, and its low level is a predictor of later development of type 2 diabetes. Resistin expression is low in adipose tissue and high in bone marrow and lungs, its role in glucose homeostasis remains controversial, it has been associated with insulin resistance and obesity. Visfatin is a secretory protein highly enriched in visceral adipocytes, liver, muscle, and lymphocytes. An increase of visfatin levels in obesity was related to preservation of insulin sensitivity, it enhances glucose uptake by adipocytes and inhibits hepatocyte glucose release, it induces tyrosine phosphorylation, and interacts with insulin receptors. Many studies are still being conducted to highlight the role of adipokines in metabolic disorders.

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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Saudi Medical Journal: 30 (9)
Saudi Medical Journal
Vol. 30, Issue 9
1 Sep 2009
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Adipokines and etiopathology of metabolic disorders
Laila M. Al-Dokhi
Saudi Medical Journal Sep 2009, 30 (9) 1123-1132;

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Adipokines and etiopathology of metabolic disorders
Laila M. Al-Dokhi
Saudi Medical Journal Sep 2009, 30 (9) 1123-1132;
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© 2023 Saudi Medical Journal Saudi Medical Journal is copyright under the Berne Convention and the International Copyright Convention.  Saudi Medical Journal is an Open Access journal and articles published are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (CC BY-NC). Readers may copy, distribute, and display the work for non-commercial purposes with the proper citation of the original work. Electronic ISSN 1658-3175. Print ISSN 0379-5284.

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