Do statins really cause diabetes?

References

1. ↵
   1. McKenney JM

   (2003) Pharmacologic characteristics of statins. Clin Cardiol 26(4 Suppl 3):III32–III38.

   OpenUrlPubMed
2. ↵
   1. Kavalipati N,
   2. Shah J,
   3. Ramakrishan A,
   4. Vasnawala H

   (2015) Pleiotropic effects of statins. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 19:554–562.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
3. ↵
   1. Jingru Z,
   2. Xiangjian Z,
   3. Lipeng D,
   4. Ya W,
   5. Lili C

   (2014) The many roles of statins in ischemic stroke. Current Neuropharmacology 12:564–574.

   OpenUrl
4. ↵
   1. Corsini A,
   2. Maggi FM,
   3. Catapano AL

   (1995) Pharmacology of competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase. Pharmacol Res 31:9–27.

   OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
5. ↵
   1. Corsini A,
   2. Bellosta S,
   3. Baetta R,
   4. Fumagalli R,
   5. Paoletti R,
   6. Bernini F

   (1999) New insights into the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of statins. Pharmacol Ther 84:413–428.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
6. 1. McTaggart F,
   2. Buckett L,
   3. Davidson R,
   4. Holdgate G,
   5. McCormick A,
   6. Schneck D,
   7. et al.

   (2001) Preclinical and clinical pharmacology of Rosuvastatin, a new 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor. Am J Cardiol 87:28B–32B.

   OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
7. ↵
   1. Kajinami K,
   2. Mabuchi H,
   3. Saito Y

   (2000) NK-104: a novel synthetic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Expert OpinInvestig Drugs 9:2653–2661.

   OpenUrl
8. ↵
   1. Schachter M

   (2005) Chemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties of statins: an update. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 19:117–125.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
9. ↵
   1. Kashani A,
   2. Phillips CO,
   3. Foody JM,
   4. Wang Y,
   5. Mangalmurti S,
   6. Ko DT,
   7. et al.

   (2006) Risks associated with statin therapy: A systematic overview ofrandomized clinical trials. Circulation 114:2788–2797.

   OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
10. ↵
    1. Newman CB,
    2. Palmer G,
    3. Silbershatz H,
    4. Szarek M

    (2003) Safety of atorvastatin derived from analysis of 44 completed trials in 9,416 patients. Am J Cardiol 92:670–676.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
11. ↵
    1. Desai CS,
    2. Martin SS,
    3. Blumenthal RS

    (2014) Non-cardiovascular effects associated with statins. BMJ 349:3743.

    OpenUrl
12. ↵
    1. Stone NJ,
    2. Robinson JG,
    3. Lichtenstein AH,
    4. Bairey Merz CN,
    5. Blum CB,
    6. Eckel RH,
    7. et al.

    (2014) 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 129(25 Suppl 2):S1–S45.

    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
13. ↵
    1. Freeman DJ,
    2. Norrie J,
    3. Sattar N,
    4. Neely RD,
    5. Cobbe SM,
    6. Ford I,
    7. et al.

    (2001) Pravastatin and the development of diabetes mellitus: evidence for a protective treatment effect in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study. Circulation 103:357–362.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
14. ↵
    1. Ridker PM,
    2. Danielson E,
    3. Fonseca FA,
    4. Genest J,
    5. Gotto AM Jr.,
    6. Kastelein JJ,
    7. et al.

    (2008) Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. N Engl J Med 359:2195–2207.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
15. ↵
    1. Collins R,
    2. Armitage J,
    3. Parish S,
    4. Sleigh P,
    5. Peto R

    (2003) MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 361:2005–2016.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
16. 1. Keech A,
    2. Colquhoun D,
    3. Best J,
    4. Kirby A,
    5. Simes RJ,
    6. Hunt D,
    7. et al.

    (2003) Secondary prevention of cardiovascular events with long-term pravastatin in patients with diabetes or impaired fasting glucose: results from the LIPID trial. Diabetes Care 26:2713–2721.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
17. ↵
    1. Sever PS,
    2. Dahlöf B,
    3. Poulter NR,
    4. Wedel H,
    5. Beevers G,
    6. Caulfield M,
    7. et al.

    (2003) Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 361:1149–1158.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
18. 1. Sattar N,
    2. Preiss D,
    3. Murray HM,
    4. Welsh P,
    5. Buckley BM,
    6. de Craen AJ,
    7. et al.

    (2010) Statins and risk of incident diabetes: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomised statin trials. Lancet 375:735–742.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
19. ↵
    1. Preiss D,
    2. Seshasai SR,
    3. Welsh P,
    4. Murphy SA,
    5. Ho JE,
    6. Waters DD,
    7. et al.

    (2011) Risk of incident diabetes with intensive-dose compared with moderate-dose statin therapy: a meta-analysis. JAMA 305:2556–2564.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
20. 1. Coleman CI,
    2. Reinhart K,
    3. Kluger J,
    4. White CM

    (2008) The effect of statins on the development of new-onset type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Curr Med Res Opin 24:1359–1362.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
21. ↵
    1. Rajpathak SN,
    2. Kumbhani DJ,
    3. Crandall J,
    4. Barzilai N,
    5. Alderman M,
    6. Ridker PM

    (2009) Statin therapy and risk of developing type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 32:1924–1929.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
22. ↵
    1. Zaharan NL,
    2. Williams D,
    3. Bennett K

    (2013) Statins and risk of treated incident diabetes in a primary care population. Br J Clin Pharmacol 75:1118–1124.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
23. ↵
    1. Danaei G,
    2. Garcia Rodriguez LA,
    3. Fernandez Cantero O,
    4. Hernan MA

    (2013) Statins and risk of diabetes: an analysis of electronic medical records to evaluate possible bias due to differential survival. Diabetes Care 36:1236–1240.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
24. ↵
    1. Culver AL,
    2. Ockene IS,
    3. Balasubramanian R,
    4. Olendzki BC,
    5. Sepavich DM,
    6. Wactawski-Wende J,
    7. et al.

    (2012) Statin use and risk of diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative. Arch Intern Med 172:144–152.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
25. ↵
    1. Moher D,
    2. Liberati A,
    3. Tetzlaff J,
    4. Altman DG

    (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Ann Intern Med 151:264–269.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
26. ↵
    1. Waters DD,
    2. Ho JE,
    3. DeMicco DA,
    4. Breazna A,
    5. Arsenault BJ,
    6. Wun CC,
    7. et al.

    (2011) Predictors of new-onset diabetes in patients treated with atorvastatin: results from 3 large randomized clinical trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 57:1535–1545.

    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
27. (1994) Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 344:1383–1389.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
28. (2002) Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients randomized to pravastatin vs usual care: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT-LLT). JAMA 288:2998–3007.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
29. 1. Downs JR,
    2. Clearfield M,
    3. Weis S,
    4. Whitney E,
    5. Shapiro DR,
    6. Beere PA,
    7. et al.

    (1998) Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study. JAMA 279:1615–1622.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
30. ↵
    1. Kjekshus J,
    2. Apetrei E,
    3. Barrios V,
    4. Böhm M,
    5. Cleland JG,
    6. Cornel JH,
    7. et al.

    (2007) Rosuvastatin in older patients with systolic heart failure. N Engl J Med 357:2248–2261.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
31. 1. Nakamura H,
    2. Arakawa K,
    3. Itakura H,
    4. Kitabatake A,
    5. Goto Y,
    6. Toyota T,
    7. et al.

    (2006) Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with pravastatin in Japan (MEGA Study): a prospective randomised controlled trial. Lancet 368:1155–1163.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
32. ↵
    1. Shepherd J,
    2. Blauw GJ,
    3. Murphy MB,
    4. Bollen EL,
    5. Buckley BM,
    6. Cobbe SM,
    7. et al.

    (2002) Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 360:1623–1630.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
33. ↵
    1. Tavazzi L,
    2. Maggioni AP,
    3. Marchioli R,
    4. Barlera S,
    5. Franzosi MG,
    6. Latini R,
    7. et al.

    (2008) Effect of rosuvastatin in patients with chronic heart failure (the GISSI-HF trial): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 372:1231–1239.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
34. ↵
    1. Nakata M,
    2. Nagasaka S,
    3. Kusaka I,
    4. Matsuoka H,
    5. Ishibashi S,
    6. Yada T

    (2006) Effects of statins on the adipocyte maturation and expression of glucose transporter 4 (SLC2A4): implications in glycaemic control. Diabetologia 49:1881–1892.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
35. ↵
    1. Baker WL,
    2. Talati R,
    3. White CM,
    4. Coleman CI

    (2010) Differing effect of statins on insulin sensitivity in non-diabetics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 87:98–107.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
36. ↵
    1. Brault M,
    2. Ray J,
    3. Gomez YH,
    4. Mantzoros CS,
    5. Daskalopoulou SS

    (2014) Statin treatment and new-onset diabetes: a review of proposed mechanisms. Metabolism 63:735–745.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
37. ↵
    1. Takaguri A,
    2. Satoh K,
    3. Itagaki M,
    4. Tokumitsu Y,
    5. Ichihara K

    (2008) Effects of atorvastatin and pravastatin on signal transduction related to glucose uptake in 3T3L1 adipocytes. J Pharmacol Sci 107:80–89.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
38. ↵
    1. Chetboun M,
    2. Abitbol G,
    3. Rozenberg K,
    4. Rozenfeld H,
    5. Deutsch A,
    6. Sampson SR,
    7. et al.

    (2012) Maintenance of redox state and pancreatic beta-cell function: role of leptin and adiponectin. J Cell Biochem 113:1966–1976.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
39. ↵
    1. Maeda T,
    2. Horiuchi N

    (2009) Simvastatin suppresses leptin expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via activation of the cyclic AMP-PKA pathway induced by inhibition of protein prenylation. J Biochem 145:771–781.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
40. ↵
    1. Yada T,
    2. Nakata M,
    3. Shiraishi T,
    4. Kakei M

    (1999) Inhibition by simvastatin, but not pravastatin, of glucose-induced cytosolic Ca2+signalling and insulin secretion due to blockade of L-type Ca2+channels in rat islet beta-cells. Br J Pharmacol 126:1205–1213.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
41. ↵
    1. Xia F,
    2. Xie L,
    3. Mihic A,
    4. Gao X,
    5. Chen Y,
    6. Gaisano HY,
    7. et al.

    (2008) Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis impairs insulin secretion and voltage-gated calcium channel function in pancreatic beta-cells. Endocrinology 149:5136–5145.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
42. ↵
    1. Unit ES

    (2005) Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet 366:1267–1278.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
43. ↵
    1. Goldstein MR,
    2. Mascitelli L

    (2013) Do statins cause diabetes? Curr Diab Rep 13:381–390.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed