A matched case-control study to assess the carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections among hospitalized children at King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Omar A. Alzomor; Tariq S. Alfawaz; Amani Abu-Shaheen; Mohammed A. Alshehri; Dayel Al Shahrani

doi:10.15537/smj.2019.11.24586

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5. Huang J,
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1. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. ECDC
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1. Jean SS,
2. Lee NY,
3. Tang HJ,
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5. Ko WC,
6. Hsueh PR
(2018) Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae infections:Taiwan aspects. Front Microbiol 9:2888.
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1. van Loon K,
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3. Vos MC
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1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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1. Nicolas-Chanoine MH,
2. Vigan M,
3. Laouénan C,
4. Robert J
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1. Chiotos K,
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(2019) Enterobacterial infection in Saudi Arabia:First record of Klebsiella pneumoniae with triple carbapenemase genes resistance. JIDC 13:334–341.
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(2014) Molecular surveillance and clinical outcomes of carbapenem-resistant escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae infections. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 47:187–196.
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1. Díaz A,
2. Ortiz DC,
3. Trujillo M,
4. Garcés C,
5. Jaimes F,
6. Restrepo AV
(2016) Clinical characteristics of carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae infections in Ill and colonized children in Colombia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 35:237–241.
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1. Montagnani C,
2. Prato M,
3. Scolfaro C,
4. Colombo S,
5. Esposito S,
6. Tagliabue C,
7. et al.
(2016) Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae infections in children:An Italian retrospective multicenter study. Pediatr Infect Dis J 35:862–868.
OpenUrl CrossRef
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1. Chang YY,
2. Chuang YC,
3. Siu LK,
4. Wu TL,
5. Lin JC,
6. Lu PL,
7. et al.
(2015) Clinical features of patients with carbapenem nonsusceptible klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli in intensive care units:a nationwide multicenter study in Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 48:219–225.
OpenUrl CrossRef
↵
1. Wu PF,
2. Chuang C,
3. Su CF,
4. Lin YT,
5. Chan YJ,
6. Wang FD,
7. et al.
(2016) High minimum inhibitory concentration of imipenem as a predictor of fatal outcome in patients with carbapenem non-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae. Sci Rep 6:32665.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Memish ZA,
2. Assiri A,
3. Almasri M,
4. Roshdy H,
5. Hathout H,
6. Kaase M,
7. et al.
(2015) Molecular characterization of carbapenemase production among gram-negative bacteria in saudi arabia. Microb Drug Resist 21:307–314.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

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[1] ↵
Codjoe FS,
Donkor ES
(2017) Carbapenem resistance:a review. Med Sci (Basel) 6:pii:E1, doi:10.3390/medsci6010001.
OpenUrl

[2] Codjoe FS,

[3] Donkor ES

[4] Bedenić B,
Plečko V,
Sardelić S,
Uzunović S,
GodičTorkar K
(2014) Carbapenemases in gram-negative bacteria:laboratory detection and clinical significance. Biomed Res Int 2014:841951.
OpenUrl

[5] Bedenić B,

[6] Plečko V,

[7] Sardelić S,

[8] Uzunović S,

[9] GodičTorkar K

[10] ↵
Thapa P,
Bhandari D,
Shrestha D,
Parajuli H,
Chaudhary P,
Amatya J,
et al.
(2017) A hospital based surveillance of metallo-beta-lactamase producing gram negative bacteria in Nepal by imipenem-EDTA disk method. BMC Res Notes 10:322.
OpenUrl

[11] Thapa P,

[12] Bhandari D,

[13] Shrestha D,

[14] Parajuli H,

[15] Chaudhary P,

[16] Amatya J,

[17] et al.

[18] ↵
Lutgring JD,
Limbago BM
(2016) The problem of carbapenemase-producing-carbapenem-resistant-enterobacteriaceae detection. J Clin Microbiol 54:529–534.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[19] Lutgring JD,

[20] Limbago BM

[21] ↵
CDC. Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae in healthcare settings [Internet]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Updated 2015, Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/hai/organisms/cre/index.html. Accessed 2019 July 4.

[22] CDC. Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae in healthcare settings [Internet]

[23] ↵
Ding B,
Hu F,
Yang Y,
Guo Q,
Huang J,
Wang M
(2015) Four carbapenem-resistant gram-negative species carrying distinct carbapenemases in a single patient. J Clin Microbiol 53:1031–1033.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[24] Ding B,

[25] Hu F,

[26] Yang Y,

[27] Guo Q,

[28] Huang J,

[29] Wang M

[30] ↵
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. ECDC
Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Europe 2014 [Internet], Updated 2015, Available from: https://ecdc.europa.eu/sites/portal/files/media/en/publications/Publications/antimicrobial-resistance-europe-2014.pdf. Accessed 2019 July 4.

[31] European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. ECDC

[32] ↵
Jean SS,
Lee NY,
Tang HJ,
Lu MC,
Ko WC,
Hsueh PR
(2018) Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae infections:Taiwan aspects. Front Microbiol 9:2888.
OpenUrl

[33] Jean SS,

[34] Lee NY,

[35] Tang HJ,

[36] Lu MC,

[37] Ko WC,

[38] Hsueh PR

[39] ↵
van Loon K,
Voor In't Holt AF,
Vos MC
(2017) A systematic review and meta-analyses of the clinical epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 62.

[40] van Loon K,

[41] Voor In't Holt AF,

[42] Vos MC

[43] ↵
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infection:Clinician FAQs, Updated 2015, Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/hai/organisms/cre/cre-clinicianfaq.html. Accessed 2019 July 4.

[44] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

[45] Nicolas-Chanoine MH,
Vigan M,
Laouénan C,
Robert J
(2019) Risk factors for carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae infections:a French case-control-control study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 38:383–393.
OpenUrl

[46] Nicolas-Chanoine MH,

[47] Vigan M,

[48] Laouénan C,

[49] Robert J

[50] ↵
Ling ML,
Tee YM,
Tan SG,
Amin IM,
How KB,
Tan KY,
et al.
(2015) Risk factors for acquisition of carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae in an acute tertiary care hospital in Singapore. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 4:26.
OpenUrl

[51] Ling ML,

[52] Tee YM,

[53] Tan SG,

[54] Amin IM,

[55] How KB,

[56] Tan KY,

[57] et al.

[58] ↵
Chiotos K,
Han JH,
Tamma PD
(2016) Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae infections in children. Curr Infect Dis Rep 18:2.
OpenUrl

[59] Chiotos K,

[60] Han JH,

[61] Tamma PD

[62] ↵
Chiotos K,
Tamma PD,
Flett KB,
Naumann M,
Karandikar MV,
Bilker WB,
et al.
(2017) Multicenter study of the risk factors for colonization or infection with carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae in children. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 61:e140.
OpenUrl

[63] Chiotos K,

[64] Tamma PD,

[65] Flett KB,

[66] Naumann M,

[67] Karandikar MV,

[68] Bilker WB,

[69] et al.

[70] ↵
Yezli S,
Shibl AM,
Memish ZA
(2015) The molecular basis of β-lactamase production in gram-negative bacteria from Saudi Arabia. J Med Microbiol 64:127–136.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[71] Yezli S,

[72] Shibl AM,

[73] Memish ZA

[74] ↵
Khan MA,
Mohamed AM,
Faiz A,
Ahmad J
(2019) Enterobacterial infection in Saudi Arabia:First record of Klebsiella pneumoniae with triple carbapenemase genes resistance. JIDC 13:334–341.
OpenUrl

[75] Khan MA,

[76] Mohamed AM,

[77] Faiz A,

[78] Ahmad J

[79] ↵
Garbati MA,
Sakkijha H,
Abushaheen A
(2016) Infections due to carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae among Saudi Arabian hospitalized patients:A matched case-control study. Biomed Res Int 2016:3961684.
OpenUrl

[80] Garbati MA,

[81] Sakkijha H,

[82] Abushaheen A

[83] ↵
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
FAQs about choosing and implementing a CRE definition, Updated 2015, Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/hai/organisms/cre/definition.html. Accessed 2019 July 3.

[84] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

[85] ↵
Huang SR,
Liu MF,
Lin CF,
Shi ZY
(2014) Molecular surveillance and clinical outcomes of carbapenem-resistant escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae infections. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 47:187–196.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[86] Huang SR,

[87] Liu MF,

[88] Lin CF,

[89] Shi ZY

[90] ↵
Díaz A,
Ortiz DC,
Trujillo M,
Garcés C,
Jaimes F,
Restrepo AV
(2016) Clinical characteristics of carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae infections in Ill and colonized children in Colombia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 35:237–241.
OpenUrl CrossRef

[91] Díaz A,

[92] Ortiz DC,

[93] Trujillo M,

[94] Garcés C,

[95] Jaimes F,

[96] Restrepo AV

[97] ↵
Montagnani C,
Prato M,
Scolfaro C,
Colombo S,
Esposito S,
Tagliabue C,
et al.
(2016) Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae infections in children:An Italian retrospective multicenter study. Pediatr Infect Dis J 35:862–868.
OpenUrl CrossRef

[98] Montagnani C,

[99] Prato M,

[100] Scolfaro C,

[101] Colombo S,

[102] Esposito S,

[103] Tagliabue C,

[104] et al.

[105] ↵
Chang YY,
Chuang YC,
Siu LK,
Wu TL,
Lin JC,
Lu PL,
et al.
(2015) Clinical features of patients with carbapenem nonsusceptible klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli in intensive care units:a nationwide multicenter study in Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 48:219–225.
OpenUrl CrossRef

[106] Chang YY,

[107] Chuang YC,

[108] Siu LK,

[109] Wu TL,

[110] Lin JC,

[111] Lu PL,

[112] et al.

[113] ↵
Wu PF,
Chuang C,
Su CF,
Lin YT,
Chan YJ,
Wang FD,
et al.
(2016) High minimum inhibitory concentration of imipenem as a predictor of fatal outcome in patients with carbapenem non-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae. Sci Rep 6:32665.
OpenUrl

[114] Wu PF,

[115] Chuang C,

[116] Su CF,

[117] Lin YT,

[118] Chan YJ,

[119] Wang FD,

[120] et al.

[121] ↵
Memish ZA,
Assiri A,
Almasri M,
Roshdy H,
Hathout H,
Kaase M,
et al.
(2015) Molecular characterization of carbapenemase production among gram-negative bacteria in saudi arabia. Microb Drug Resist 21:307–314.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[122] Memish ZA,

[123] Assiri A,

[124] Almasri M,

[125] Roshdy H,

[126] Hathout H,

[127] Kaase M,

[128] et al.

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