Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Effects of seasonal changes in temperature and humidity on incidence of necrotizing soft tissue infections in Halifax, Canada, 2001-2015

Zahir T. Fadel, Emily Burke, Nadim Joukhadar, Osama A. Samargandi and Michael Bezuhly
Saudi Medical Journal May 2019, 40 (5) 469-474; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2019.5.24096

References

  1. ↵
    1. O'Loughlin RE,
    2. Roberson A,
    3. Cieslak PR,
    4. Lynfield R,
    5. Gershman K,
    6. Craig A,
    7. et al.
    (2007) The epidemiology of invasive group A streptococcal infection and potential vaccine implications:United States, 2000-2004. Clin Infect Dis 45:853–862.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  2. ↵
    1. Mulla ZD,
    2. Gibbs SG,
    3. Aronoff DM
    (2007) Correlates of length of stay, cost of care, and mortality among patients hospitalized for necrotizing fasciitis. Epidemiol Infect 135:868–876.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  3. ↵
    1. Gozal D,
    2. Ziser A,
    3. Shupak A,
    4. Ariel A,
    5. Melamed Y
    (1986) Necrotizing fasciitis. Arch Surg 12:233–235.
    OpenUrl
  4. ↵
    1. Hakkarainen TW,
    2. Kopari NM,
    3. Pham TN,
    4. Evans HL
    (2014) Necrotizing soft tissue infections:review and current concepts in treatment, systems of care, and outcomes. Curr Probl Surg 51:344–362.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  5. ↵
    1. Bonne SL,
    2. Kadri SS
    (2017) Evaluation and management of necrotizing soft tissue infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am 3:497–511.
    OpenUrl
  6. ↵
    1. Giuliano A,
    2. Lewis FJ,
    3. Hadley K,
    4. Blaisdell FW
    (1977) Bacteriology of necrotizing fasciitis. Am J Surg 134:52–57.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  7. ↵
    1. Davoudian P,
    2. Flint NJ
    (2012) Necrotizing fasciitis. Cont Edu Anaesth Crit Care Pain 12:245–250.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  8. ↵
    (2009) The Natural History of Nova Scotia, Museum of Natural History staff. Nova Scotia climate In:Museum of Natural History staff, eds (Museum of Natural History, Halifax, Nova Scotia), 1st ed, 1, pp 94–103.
    OpenUrl
  9. ↵
    1. Gkrania-Klotsas E,
    2. Chew RC,
    3. Vrotsou K
    (2008) Seasonal variation of group a Streptococcus (GAS) –-related necrotising fasciitis cases in a UK Teaching Hospital. Open Infect Dis J 2:1–7.
    OpenUrl
  10. ↵
    1. Luca-Harari B,
    2. Ekelund K,
    3. van der Linden M,
    4. Staum-Kaltoft M,
    5. Hammerum AM,
    6. Jasir A
    (2008) Clinical and epidemiological aspects of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes;infections in Denmark during 2003 and 2004. J Clin Microbiol 46:79–86.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  11. ↵
    Environment Canada Agency, Government of Canada. Weather information, Available from URL: http://www.weather.gc.ca/canada_e.html.
  12. ↵
    Statistics Canada, Government of Canada. Census data sets, Available from URL: https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/datasets.
  13. ↵
    1. Fujisawa N,
    2. Yamada H,
    3. Kohda H,
    4. Tadano J,
    5. Hayashi S
    (1998) Necrotizing fasciitis caused by Vibrio vulnificus differs from that caused by streptococcal infection. J Infect 36:313–316.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Joynt GM,
    2. Gomersall CD,
    3. Lyon DJ
    (1999) Severe necrotising fasciitis of the extremities caused by vibrionaceae:experience of a Hong Kong tertiary hospital. Hong Kong Med J 5:63–68.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  15. ↵
    1. Tsai YH,
    2. Huang TJ,
    3. Hsu RW,
    4. Weng YJ,
    5. Hsu WH,
    6. Huang KC,
    7. et al.
    (2009) Necrotizing soft-tissue infections and primary sepsis caused by vibrio vulnificus and vibrio cholerae non-O1. J Trauma 66:899–905.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  16. ↵
    1. Ullah S,
    2. Khan M,
    3. Asad Ullah Jan M
    (2009) Fournier's gangrene:a dreadful disease. Surgeon 7:138–142.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  17. ↵
    1. Lamagni TL,
    2. Darenberg J,
    3. Luca-Harari B,
    4. Siljander T,
    5. Efstratiou A,
    6. Henriques-Normark B,
    7. et al.
    (2008) Epidemiology of severe Streptococcus pyogenes disease in Europe. J Clin Microbiol 46:2359–2367.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  18. ↵
    1. Haydock SF,
    2. Bornshin S,
    3. Wall EC,
    4. Connick RM
    (2007) Admissions to a U.K. teaching hospital with nonnecrotizing lower limb cellulitis show a marked seasonal variation. Br J Dermatol 157:1047–1048.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  19. ↵
    1. Dowell SF
    (2001) Seasonal variation in host susceptibility and cycles of certain infectious diseases. Emerg Infect Dis 7:369–374.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  20. ↵
    1. Altizer S,
    2. Dobson A,
    3. Hosseini P,
    4. Hudson P,
    5. Pascual M,
    6. Rohani P
    (2006) Seasonality and the dynamics of infectious diseases. Ecol Lett 9:467–484.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  21. ↵
    1. Moreno-Banda GL,
    2. Riojas-Rodríguez H,
    3. Hurtado-Díaz M,
    4. Danis-Lozano R,
    5. Rothenberg SJ
    (2017) Effects of climatic and social factors on dengue incidence in Mexican municipalities in the state of Veracruz. Salud Publica Mex 59:41–52.
    OpenUrl
    1. Escobar LE,
    2. Romero-Alvarez D,
    3. Leon R,
    4. Lepe-Lopez MA,
    5. Craft ME,
    6. Borbor-Cordova MJ,
    7. et al.
    (2016) Declining prevalence of disease vectors under climate change. Sci Rep 6:39150.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  23. ↵
    1. Hemmer CJ,
    2. Frimmel S,
    3. Kinzelbach R,
    4. Gürtler L,
    5. Reisinger EC
    (2007) Global warming:trailblazer for tropical infections in Germany? Dtsch Med Wochenschr 132:2583–2589.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  24. ↵
    1. Ehelepola NDB,
    2. Ariyaratne K,
    3. Dissanayake WP
    (2019) The correlation between local weather and leptospirosis incidence in Kandy district, Sri Lanka from 2006 to 2015. Glob Health Action 12:1553283.
    OpenUrl
  25. ↵
    1. Chong AH,
    2. Burrows NP
    (2002) Fatal group A streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis and toxic shock syndrome in a patient with psoriasis and chronic renal impairment. Australas J Dermatol 43:194–198.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  26. ↵
    1. Elliott DC,
    2. Kufera JA,
    3. Myers RA
    (1996) Necrotizing soft tissue infections. Risk factors for mortality and strategies for management. Ann Surg 224:672–683.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  27. ↵
    1. Hua C,
    2. Sbidian E,
    3. Hemery F,
    4. Decousser JW,
    5. Bosc R,
    6. Amathieu R,
    7. et al.
    (2015) Prognostic factors in necrotizing soft-tissue infections (NSTI):a cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol 73:1006–1012.
    OpenUrl
  28. ↵
    1. Padwal R,
    2. Leslie WD,
    3. Lix LM,
    4. Majumdar SR
    (2016) Relationship among body fat percentage, body mass index, and all-cause mortality:a cohort study. Ann Intern Med 164:532–541.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Hutagalung R,
    2. Marques J,
    3. Kobylka K,
    4. Zeidan M,
    5. Kabisch B,
    6. Brunkhorst F,
    7. et al.
    (2011) The obesity paradox in surgical intensive care unit patients. Intensive Care Med 37:1793–1799.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  30. ↵
    1. Lainscak M,
    2. von Haehling S,
    3. Doehner W,
    4. Anker SD
    (2012) The obesity paradox in chronic disease:facts and numbers. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 3:1–4.
    OpenUrl
  31. ↵
    1. Rios-Diaz AJ,
    2. Lin E,
    3. Williams K,
    4. Jiang W,
    5. Patel V,
    6. Shimizu N,
    7. et al.
    (2017) The obesity paradox in patients with severe soft tissue infections. Am J Surg 214:385–389.
    OpenUrl
Back to top

In this issue

Print
Download PDF
Email Article
Citation Tools
Bookmark this article

Jump to section