The impact of an Education-Based Intervention Program (EBIP) on dyspnea and chronic self-care management among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: A randomized controlled study

Ayşe Çevirme; Gönül Gökçay

doi:10.15537/smj.2020.12.25570

References

↵
1. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Pocket Guide to COPD Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention, A Guide for Health Care Professionals
, Updated 2020, Available from URL: https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/GOLD-2020-FINAL-ver1.2-03Dec19_WMV.pdf. Accessed 2019 November 25.
↵
1. Kantatong T,
2. Panpanich R,
3. Deesomchok A,
4. Sungkarat S,
5. Siviroj P
(2020) Effects of the tai chi qigong programme on functional capacity, and lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: A ramdomised controlled trial. J Tradit Complement Med 10:345–359.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Marciniuk DD,
2. Goodridge D,
3. Hernandez P,
4. Rocker G,
5. Balter M,
6. Bailey P,
7. et al.
(2011) Managing dyspnea in patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A Canadian thoracic society clinical practice guideline. Can Respir J 18:69–78.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed
↵
1. Nabais A,
2. Céu Sá M
(2019) The patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: how rehabilitation nurses promote self-care. Millenium-Journal of Education, Technologies, and Health 2:93–101.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Turkish Thoracic Society Pulmonary Rehabilitation Pocket Book
Turkish Thoracic Society. Istanbul, Updated 2019, Available from URL: https://toraks.org.tr/site/downloads/73nlRwTyhPD9Fkc8. Accessed 2019 November 25.
↵
1. McCarthy B,
2. Casey D,
3. Devane D,
4. Murphy K,
5. Murphy E,
6. Lacasse Y
(2015) Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2:1–186.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Lenferink A,
2. Brusse-Keizer M,
3. van der Valk PD,
4. Frith PA,
5. Zwerink M,
6. Monninkhof EM,
7. et al.
(2017) Self-management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 8:CD011682.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed
↵
1. Helvaci A,
2. Gok MZ,
3. Ozdemir L,
4. Ergun P
(2019) The effects of a nurse-led education and counseling program on dyspnea, health status, and care dependency in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A feasibility study. SAGE 31:249–256.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Mahler DA,
2. Weinberg DH,
3. Wells CK,
4. Feinstein AR
(1984) The measurement of dyspnea: contents, interobserver agreement, and physiologic correlates of two new clinical indexes. Chest 85:751–758.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed Web of Science
↵
1. Demir G,
2. Akkoca Ö,
3. Doğan R,
4. Saryal S,
5. Karabiyikoğlu G
(2003) The evaluation of dyspnea and quality of life in COPD. Tüberküloz ve Toraks Dergisi 51:365–372.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Özalevli S,
2. Uçan ES
(2004) Comparison of the different dyspnea scales in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Toraks Dergisi 5:90–94.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Jones LC,
2. Hill K,
3. Honer K,
4. McDaniels S
(1986) Self-care management process used by individuals with chronic illness. Unpublished manuscript.
↵
1. Hançerlioğlu S,
2. Aykar FŞ
(2018) Validity and Reliability of Turkish Version of the Self Care Management Process in Chronic Illness. GUSBD 7:175–183.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Research Randomizer
Generate Numbers, Updated 2020, Available from URL: http://www.randomizer.org. Accessed 2019 November 24.
↵
1. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Updated 2020, Available from URL: http://www.goldcopd.org/. Accessed 2019 January 25.
↵
1. World Health Organization
Body mass index-BMI, Updated 2020, Available from URL: http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/nutrition/a-healthy-lifestyle/body-mass-index-bmi. Accessed 2019 January 25.
↵
1. Baker E,
2. Fatoye F
(2019) Patient perceived impact of nurse-led self-management interventions for COPD: A systematıc review of qualitative research. Int J Nurs Stud 91:22–34.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Aytac SO,
2. Kilic SP,
3. Ovayolu N
(2020) Effect of inhaler drug education on fatigue, dyspnea severity, and respiratory function tests in patients with COPD. Patient Educ Couns 103:709–716.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Dehkordi AH,
2. Ebrahimi-Dehkordi S,
3. Banitalebi-Dehkordi F,
4. Tali SS,
5. Kheiri S,
6. Babadi AS
(2020) The effect of teach-back training intervention of breathing exercise on the level of dyspnea, six-minutes walking test and FEV1/FVC ratio in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;a randomized controlled trial. Expert Rev Respir Med 29:1–9.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Dainty KN,
2. Seaton MB,
3. Drennan IR,
4. Morrison LJ
(2018) Home visit-based community paramedicine and its potential role in improving patient-centered primary care: a grounded theory study and framework. Health Serv Res 53:3455–3470.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Thom DH,
2. Grace RW,
3. Tsao S,
4. Hessler D,
5. Huang B,
6. DeVore D,
7. et al.
(2018) Randomized controlled trial of health coaching for vulnerable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc 15:1159–1168.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Sunde S,
2. Walstad RA,
3. Bentsen SB,
4. Lunde SJ,
5. Wangen EM,
6. Rustøen T,
7. et al.
(2014) The development of an integrated care model for patients with severe or very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD: the COPD-Home model. Scand J Caring Sci 28:469–477.
OpenUrl
1. Kim YM,
2. Yu M,
3. Moon HR,
4. Ju SY,
5. Lee GA,
6. Kim MJ
(2020) Effects of a tailored inhaler use education program for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Patient Educ Couns 103:717–723.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Moriyama M,
2. Takeshita Y,
3. Haruta Y,
4. Hattori N,
5. Ezenwaka CE
(2015) Effects of a 6 month nurse-led self- management program on comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with COPD receiving home oxygen therapy. Rehabil Nurs 40:40–51.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Kara D,
2. Yıldız H
(2013) Effectıveness and frequencıes of dyspnea scales ın evaluatıng symptom of dyspnea. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2:137–49.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Almagro P,
2. Martinez PC,
3. Soriano JB,
4. Marin JM,
5. Alfageme I,
6. Casanova C,
7. et al.
(2014) Finding the best thresholds of FEV1 and dyspnea to predict 5-year survival in COPD patients: the Cocomıcs study. PLoS One 9:e89866.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Diago CAA,
2. Maestu LP,
3. Bolado BA,
4. Calvo JA,
5. Hernando MH,
6. Bats IP,
7. et al.
(2018) Translation and validation of the multidimensional dyspnea-12 questionnaire. Archivos de Bronconeumología (English Edition) 54:74–78.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Clari M,
2. Matarese M,
3. Ivziku D,
4. Marinis MG
(2017) Self-care of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta-synthesis. Patient 10:407–427.
OpenUrl
1. Park SK
(2017) Factors affecting self-care behavior in Koreans with COPD. Appl Nurs Res 38:29–37.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Baker E,
2. Fatoye F
(2017) Clinical and cost-effectiveness of nurse-led self-management interventions for patients with COPD in primary care: A systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud 71:125–138.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Özkaptan BB,
2. Kapucu S
(2016) Home nursing care with the self-care model improves self-efficacy of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Jpn J Nurs Sci 13:365–377.
OpenUrl
1. Wang LH,
2. Zhao Y,
3. Chen LY,
4. Zhang L,
5. Zhang YM
(2020) The effect of a nurse-led self-management program on outcomes of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Respir J 14:148–157.
OpenUrl PubMed
↵
1. Folch-Ayora A,
2. Orts-Cortés MI,
3. Macia-Soler L,
4. Andreu-Guillamon MV,
5. Moncho J
(2019) Patient education during hospital admission due to exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: effects on quality of life-controlled and randomized experimental study. Patient Educ Couns 102:511–519.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Broderick J,
2. Mc Grath C,
3. Cullen K,
4. Talbot D,
5. Gilmor J,
6. Scanlan BM,
7. et al.
(2018) Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on exercise capacity and disease impact in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obesity. Physiotherapy 104:248–250.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Katz P,
2. Iribarren C,
3. Sanchez G,
4. Blanc PD
(2016) Obesity and functioning among ındividuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). COPD 13:352–359.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Zewari S,
2. Hadi L,
3. van den Elshout F,
4. Dekhuijzen R,
5. Heijdra Y,
6. Vos P
(2018) Obesity in COPD: comorbidities with practical consequences? COPD 15:464–471.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Wu Z,
2. Yang D,
3. Ge Z,
4. Yan M,
5. Wu N,
6. Liu Y
(2018) Body mass index of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with pulmonary function and exacerbations: a retrospective real world research. J Thorac Dis 10:5086.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Pierobon A,
2. Bottelli ES,
3. Ranzini L,
4. Bruschi C,
5. Maestri R,
6. Bertolotti G,
7. et al.
(2017) COPD patients'self-reported adherence, psychosocial factors and mild cognitive impairment in pulmonary rehabilitation. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 12:2059–2067.
OpenUrl
↵
1. Broderick J,
2. Mc Grath C,
3. Cullen K,
4. Talbot D,
5. Gilmor J,
6. Baily-Scanlan M,
7. et al.
(2018) Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on exercise capacity and disease impact in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obesity. Physiother 104:248–250.
OpenUrl

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Keywords

[1] ↵
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Pocket Guide to COPD Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention, A Guide for Health Care Professionals
, Updated 2020, Available from URL: https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/GOLD-2020-FINAL-ver1.2-03Dec19_WMV.pdf. Accessed 2019 November 25.

[2] Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Pocket Guide to COPD Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention, A Guide for Health Care Professionals

[3] ↵
Kantatong T,
Panpanich R,
Deesomchok A,
Sungkarat S,
Siviroj P
(2020) Effects of the tai chi qigong programme on functional capacity, and lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: A ramdomised controlled trial. J Tradit Complement Med 10:345–359.
OpenUrl

[4] Kantatong T,

[5] Panpanich R,

[6] Deesomchok A,

[7] Sungkarat S,

[8] Siviroj P

[9] ↵
Marciniuk DD,
Goodridge D,
Hernandez P,
Rocker G,
Balter M,
Bailey P,
et al.
(2011) Managing dyspnea in patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A Canadian thoracic society clinical practice guideline. Can Respir J 18:69–78.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[10] Marciniuk DD,

[11] Goodridge D,

[12] Hernandez P,

[13] Rocker G,

[14] Balter M,

[15] Bailey P,

[16] et al.

[17] ↵
Nabais A,
Céu Sá M
(2019) The patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: how rehabilitation nurses promote self-care. Millenium-Journal of Education, Technologies, and Health 2:93–101.
OpenUrl

[18] Nabais A,

[19] Céu Sá M

[20] ↵
Turkish Thoracic Society Pulmonary Rehabilitation Pocket Book
Turkish Thoracic Society. Istanbul, Updated 2019, Available from URL: https://toraks.org.tr/site/downloads/73nlRwTyhPD9Fkc8. Accessed 2019 November 25.

[21] Turkish Thoracic Society Pulmonary Rehabilitation Pocket Book

[22] ↵
McCarthy B,
Casey D,
Devane D,
Murphy K,
Murphy E,
Lacasse Y
(2015) Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2:1–186.
OpenUrl

[23] McCarthy B,

[24] Casey D,

[25] Devane D,

[26] Murphy K,

[27] Murphy E,

[28] Lacasse Y

[29] ↵
Lenferink A,
Brusse-Keizer M,
van der Valk PD,
Frith PA,
Zwerink M,
Monninkhof EM,
et al.
(2017) Self-management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 8:CD011682.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[30] Lenferink A,

[31] Brusse-Keizer M,

[32] van der Valk PD,

[33] Frith PA,

[34] Zwerink M,

[35] Monninkhof EM,

[36] et al.

[37] ↵
Helvaci A,
Gok MZ,
Ozdemir L,
Ergun P
(2019) The effects of a nurse-led education and counseling program on dyspnea, health status, and care dependency in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A feasibility study. SAGE 31:249–256.
OpenUrl

[38] Helvaci A,

[39] Gok MZ,

[40] Ozdemir L,

[41] Ergun P

[42] ↵
Mahler DA,
Weinberg DH,
Wells CK,
Feinstein AR
(1984) The measurement of dyspnea: contents, interobserver agreement, and physiologic correlates of two new clinical indexes. Chest 85:751–758.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed Web of Science

[43] Mahler DA,

[44] Weinberg DH,

[45] Wells CK,

[46] Feinstein AR

[47] ↵
Demir G,
Akkoca Ö,
Doğan R,
Saryal S,
Karabiyikoğlu G
(2003) The evaluation of dyspnea and quality of life in COPD. Tüberküloz ve Toraks Dergisi 51:365–372.
OpenUrl

[48] Demir G,

[49] Akkoca Ö,

[50] Doğan R,

[51] Saryal S,

[52] Karabiyikoğlu G

[53] ↵
Özalevli S,
Uçan ES
(2004) Comparison of the different dyspnea scales in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Toraks Dergisi 5:90–94.
OpenUrl

[54] Özalevli S,

[55] Uçan ES

[56] ↵
Jones LC,
Hill K,
Honer K,
McDaniels S
(1986) Self-care management process used by individuals with chronic illness. Unpublished manuscript.

[57] Jones LC,

[58] Hill K,

[59] Honer K,

[60] McDaniels S

[61] ↵
Hançerlioğlu S,
Aykar FŞ
(2018) Validity and Reliability of Turkish Version of the Self Care Management Process in Chronic Illness. GUSBD 7:175–183.
OpenUrl

[62] Hançerlioğlu S,

[63] Aykar FŞ

[64] ↵
Research Randomizer
Generate Numbers, Updated 2020, Available from URL: http://www.randomizer.org. Accessed 2019 November 24.

[65] Research Randomizer

[66] ↵
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Updated 2020, Available from URL: http://www.goldcopd.org/. Accessed 2019 January 25.

[67] Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease

[68] ↵
World Health Organization
Body mass index-BMI, Updated 2020, Available from URL: http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/nutrition/a-healthy-lifestyle/body-mass-index-bmi. Accessed 2019 January 25.

[69] World Health Organization

[70] ↵
Baker E,
Fatoye F
(2019) Patient perceived impact of nurse-led self-management interventions for COPD: A systematıc review of qualitative research. Int J Nurs Stud 91:22–34.
OpenUrl

[71] Baker E,

[72] Fatoye F

[73] ↵
Aytac SO,
Kilic SP,
Ovayolu N
(2020) Effect of inhaler drug education on fatigue, dyspnea severity, and respiratory function tests in patients with COPD. Patient Educ Couns 103:709–716.
OpenUrl

[74] Aytac SO,

[75] Kilic SP,

[76] Ovayolu N

[77] ↵
Dehkordi AH,
Ebrahimi-Dehkordi S,
Banitalebi-Dehkordi F,
Tali SS,
Kheiri S,
Babadi AS
(2020) The effect of teach-back training intervention of breathing exercise on the level of dyspnea, six-minutes walking test and FEV1/FVC ratio in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;a randomized controlled trial. Expert Rev Respir Med 29:1–9.
OpenUrl

[78] Dehkordi AH,

[79] Ebrahimi-Dehkordi S,

[80] Banitalebi-Dehkordi F,

[81] Tali SS,

[82] Kheiri S,

[83] Babadi AS

[84] ↵
Dainty KN,
Seaton MB,
Drennan IR,
Morrison LJ
(2018) Home visit-based community paramedicine and its potential role in improving patient-centered primary care: a grounded theory study and framework. Health Serv Res 53:3455–3470.
OpenUrl

[85] Dainty KN,

[86] Seaton MB,

[87] Drennan IR,

[88] Morrison LJ

[89] ↵
Thom DH,
Grace RW,
Tsao S,
Hessler D,
Huang B,
DeVore D,
et al.
(2018) Randomized controlled trial of health coaching for vulnerable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc 15:1159–1168.
OpenUrl

[90] Thom DH,

[91] Grace RW,

[92] Tsao S,

[93] Hessler D,

[94] Huang B,

[95] DeVore D,

[96] et al.

[97] ↵
Sunde S,
Walstad RA,
Bentsen SB,
Lunde SJ,
Wangen EM,
Rustøen T,
et al.
(2014) The development of an integrated care model for patients with severe or very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD: the COPD-Home model. Scand J Caring Sci 28:469–477.
OpenUrl

[98] Sunde S,

[99] Walstad RA,

[100] Bentsen SB,

[101] Lunde SJ,

[102] Wangen EM,

[103] Rustøen T,

[104] et al.

[105] Kim YM,
Yu M,
Moon HR,
Ju SY,
Lee GA,
Kim MJ
(2020) Effects of a tailored inhaler use education program for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Patient Educ Couns 103:717–723.
OpenUrl

[106] Kim YM,

[107] Yu M,

[108] Moon HR,

[109] Ju SY,

[110] Lee GA,

[111] Kim MJ

[112] ↵
Moriyama M,
Takeshita Y,
Haruta Y,
Hattori N,
Ezenwaka CE
(2015) Effects of a 6 month nurse-led self- management program on comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with COPD receiving home oxygen therapy. Rehabil Nurs 40:40–51.
OpenUrl

[113] Moriyama M,

[114] Takeshita Y,

[115] Haruta Y,

[116] Hattori N,

[117] Ezenwaka CE

[118] ↵
Kara D,
Yıldız H
(2013) Effectıveness and frequencıes of dyspnea scales ın evaluatıng symptom of dyspnea. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2:137–49.
OpenUrl

[119] Kara D,

[120] Yıldız H

[121] ↵
Almagro P,
Martinez PC,
Soriano JB,
Marin JM,
Alfageme I,
Casanova C,
et al.
(2014) Finding the best thresholds of FEV1 and dyspnea to predict 5-year survival in COPD patients: the Cocomıcs study. PLoS One 9:e89866.
OpenUrl

[122] Almagro P,

[123] Martinez PC,

[124] Soriano JB,

[125] Marin JM,

[126] Alfageme I,

[127] Casanova C,

[128] et al.

[129] ↵
Diago CAA,
Maestu LP,
Bolado BA,
Calvo JA,
Hernando MH,
Bats IP,
et al.
(2018) Translation and validation of the multidimensional dyspnea-12 questionnaire. Archivos de Bronconeumología (English Edition) 54:74–78.
OpenUrl

[130] Diago CAA,

[131] Maestu LP,

[132] Bolado BA,

[133] Calvo JA,

[134] Hernando MH,

[135] Bats IP,

[136] et al.

[137] ↵
Clari M,
Matarese M,
Ivziku D,
Marinis MG
(2017) Self-care of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta-synthesis. Patient 10:407–427.
OpenUrl

[138] Clari M,

[139] Matarese M,

[140] Ivziku D,

[141] Marinis MG

[142] Park SK
(2017) Factors affecting self-care behavior in Koreans with COPD. Appl Nurs Res 38:29–37.
OpenUrl

[143] Park SK

[144] ↵
Baker E,
Fatoye F
(2017) Clinical and cost-effectiveness of nurse-led self-management interventions for patients with COPD in primary care: A systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud 71:125–138.
OpenUrl

[145] Baker E,

[146] Fatoye F

[147] ↵
Özkaptan BB,
Kapucu S
(2016) Home nursing care with the self-care model improves self-efficacy of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Jpn J Nurs Sci 13:365–377.
OpenUrl

[148] Özkaptan BB,

[149] Kapucu S

[150] Wang LH,
Zhao Y,
Chen LY,
Zhang L,
Zhang YM
(2020) The effect of a nurse-led self-management program on outcomes of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Respir J 14:148–157.
OpenUrl PubMed

[151] Wang LH,

[152] Zhao Y,

[153] Chen LY,

[154] Zhang L,

[155] Zhang YM

[156] ↵
Folch-Ayora A,
Orts-Cortés MI,
Macia-Soler L,
Andreu-Guillamon MV,
Moncho J
(2019) Patient education during hospital admission due to exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: effects on quality of life-controlled and randomized experimental study. Patient Educ Couns 102:511–519.
OpenUrl

[157] Folch-Ayora A,

[158] Orts-Cortés MI,

[159] Macia-Soler L,

[160] Andreu-Guillamon MV,

[161] Moncho J

[162] ↵
Broderick J,
Mc Grath C,
Cullen K,
Talbot D,
Gilmor J,
Scanlan BM,
et al.
(2018) Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on exercise capacity and disease impact in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obesity. Physiotherapy 104:248–250.
OpenUrl

[163] Broderick J,

[164] Mc Grath C,

[165] Cullen K,

[166] Talbot D,

[167] Gilmor J,

[168] Scanlan BM,

[169] et al.

[170] ↵
Katz P,
Iribarren C,
Sanchez G,
Blanc PD
(2016) Obesity and functioning among ındividuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). COPD 13:352–359.
OpenUrl

[171] Katz P,

[172] Iribarren C,

[173] Sanchez G,

[174] Blanc PD

[175] ↵
Zewari S,
Hadi L,
van den Elshout F,
Dekhuijzen R,
Heijdra Y,
Vos P
(2018) Obesity in COPD: comorbidities with practical consequences? COPD 15:464–471.
OpenUrl

[176] Zewari S,

[177] Hadi L,

[178] van den Elshout F,

[179] Dekhuijzen R,

[180] Heijdra Y,

[181] Vos P

[182] ↵
Wu Z,
Yang D,
Ge Z,
Yan M,
Wu N,
Liu Y
(2018) Body mass index of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with pulmonary function and exacerbations: a retrospective real world research. J Thorac Dis 10:5086.
OpenUrl

[183] Wu Z,

[184] Yang D,

[185] Ge Z,

[186] Yan M,

[187] Wu N,

[188] Liu Y

[189] ↵
Pierobon A,
Bottelli ES,
Ranzini L,
Bruschi C,
Maestri R,
Bertolotti G,
et al.
(2017) COPD patients'self-reported adherence, psychosocial factors and mild cognitive impairment in pulmonary rehabilitation. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 12:2059–2067.
OpenUrl

[190] Pierobon A,

[191] Bottelli ES,

[192] Ranzini L,

[193] Bruschi C,

[194] Maestri R,

[195] Bertolotti G,

[196] et al.

[197] ↵
Broderick J,
Mc Grath C,
Cullen K,
Talbot D,
Gilmor J,
Baily-Scanlan M,
et al.
(2018) Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on exercise capacity and disease impact in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obesity. Physiother 104:248–250.
OpenUrl

[198] Broderick J,

[199] Mc Grath C,

[200] Cullen K,

[201] Talbot D,

[202] Gilmor J,

[203] Baily-Scanlan M,

[204] et al.

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The impact of an Education-Based Intervention Program (EBIP) on dyspnea and chronic self-care management among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

A randomized controlled study

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The impact of an Education-Based Intervention Program (EBIP) on dyspnea and chronic self-care management among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

A randomized controlled study

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