Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Latest
    • Archive
    • home
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Reviewers
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
    • Join SMJ
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Office
    • Editorial Board
  • More
    • Advertising
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Folders
    • Help
  • Other Publications
    • NeuroSciences Journal

User menu

  • My alerts
  • Log in

Search

  • Advanced search
Saudi Medical Journal
  • Other Publications
    • NeuroSciences Journal
  • My alerts
  • Log in
Saudi Medical Journal

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Latest
    • Archive
    • home
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Reviewers
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
    • Join SMJ
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Office
    • Editorial Board
  • More
    • Advertising
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Folders
    • Help
  • Follow psmmc on Twitter
  • Visit psmmc on Facebook
  • RSS
Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Causes, timing, and modes of death in a tertiary pediatric intensive care unit

Five years’ experience

Ayman Al-Eyadhy, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Gamal M. Hasan, Mohammed Almazyad, Ali A. Alhaboob, Majed Alabdulhafid, Fahad Alsohime, Ahmed S. Alzahrani, Abdullah M. Alammari, Faisal S. Abunohaiah, Nawaf F. Alfawzan and Suhail S. Alghamdi
Saudi Medical Journal November 2021, 42 (11) 1186-1194; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2021.42.11.20210508
Ayman Al-Eyadhy
From the College of Medicine (Al-Eyadhy, Temsah, Almazyad, Alhaboob, Alabdulhafid, Alsohime, Alzahrani, Alammari, Abunohaiah, Alfawzan, Alghamdi), King Saud University; from the Department of Pediatric (Al-Eyadhy, Temsah, Almazyad, Alhaboob, Alabdulhafid, Alsohime), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Pediatrics (Hasan), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, and from the Department of Pediatrics (Hasan), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Mohamad-Hani Temsah
From the College of Medicine (Al-Eyadhy, Temsah, Almazyad, Alhaboob, Alabdulhafid, Alsohime, Alzahrani, Alammari, Abunohaiah, Alfawzan, Alghamdi), King Saud University; from the Department of Pediatric (Al-Eyadhy, Temsah, Almazyad, Alhaboob, Alabdulhafid, Alsohime), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Pediatrics (Hasan), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, and from the Department of Pediatrics (Hasan), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
MD, FRCPCH
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Gamal M. Hasan
From the College of Medicine (Al-Eyadhy, Temsah, Almazyad, Alhaboob, Alabdulhafid, Alsohime, Alzahrani, Alammari, Abunohaiah, Alfawzan, Alghamdi), King Saud University; from the Department of Pediatric (Al-Eyadhy, Temsah, Almazyad, Alhaboob, Alabdulhafid, Alsohime), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Pediatrics (Hasan), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, and from the Department of Pediatrics (Hasan), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Mohammed Almazyad
From the College of Medicine (Al-Eyadhy, Temsah, Almazyad, Alhaboob, Alabdulhafid, Alsohime, Alzahrani, Alammari, Abunohaiah, Alfawzan, Alghamdi), King Saud University; from the Department of Pediatric (Al-Eyadhy, Temsah, Almazyad, Alhaboob, Alabdulhafid, Alsohime), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Pediatrics (Hasan), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, and from the Department of Pediatrics (Hasan), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Ali A. Alhaboob
From the College of Medicine (Al-Eyadhy, Temsah, Almazyad, Alhaboob, Alabdulhafid, Alsohime, Alzahrani, Alammari, Abunohaiah, Alfawzan, Alghamdi), King Saud University; from the Department of Pediatric (Al-Eyadhy, Temsah, Almazyad, Alhaboob, Alabdulhafid, Alsohime), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Pediatrics (Hasan), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, and from the Department of Pediatrics (Hasan), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Majed Alabdulhafid
From the College of Medicine (Al-Eyadhy, Temsah, Almazyad, Alhaboob, Alabdulhafid, Alsohime, Alzahrani, Alammari, Abunohaiah, Alfawzan, Alghamdi), King Saud University; from the Department of Pediatric (Al-Eyadhy, Temsah, Almazyad, Alhaboob, Alabdulhafid, Alsohime), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Pediatrics (Hasan), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, and from the Department of Pediatrics (Hasan), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Fahad Alsohime
From the College of Medicine (Al-Eyadhy, Temsah, Almazyad, Alhaboob, Alabdulhafid, Alsohime, Alzahrani, Alammari, Abunohaiah, Alfawzan, Alghamdi), King Saud University; from the Department of Pediatric (Al-Eyadhy, Temsah, Almazyad, Alhaboob, Alabdulhafid, Alsohime), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Pediatrics (Hasan), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, and from the Department of Pediatrics (Hasan), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Ahmed S. Alzahrani
From the College of Medicine (Al-Eyadhy, Temsah, Almazyad, Alhaboob, Alabdulhafid, Alsohime, Alzahrani, Alammari, Abunohaiah, Alfawzan, Alghamdi), King Saud University; from the Department of Pediatric (Al-Eyadhy, Temsah, Almazyad, Alhaboob, Alabdulhafid, Alsohime), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Pediatrics (Hasan), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, and from the Department of Pediatrics (Hasan), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
MBBS
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Abdullah M. Alammari
From the College of Medicine (Al-Eyadhy, Temsah, Almazyad, Alhaboob, Alabdulhafid, Alsohime, Alzahrani, Alammari, Abunohaiah, Alfawzan, Alghamdi), King Saud University; from the Department of Pediatric (Al-Eyadhy, Temsah, Almazyad, Alhaboob, Alabdulhafid, Alsohime), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Pediatrics (Hasan), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, and from the Department of Pediatrics (Hasan), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
MBBS
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Faisal S. Abunohaiah
From the College of Medicine (Al-Eyadhy, Temsah, Almazyad, Alhaboob, Alabdulhafid, Alsohime, Alzahrani, Alammari, Abunohaiah, Alfawzan, Alghamdi), King Saud University; from the Department of Pediatric (Al-Eyadhy, Temsah, Almazyad, Alhaboob, Alabdulhafid, Alsohime), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Pediatrics (Hasan), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, and from the Department of Pediatrics (Hasan), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
MBBS
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Nawaf F. Alfawzan
From the College of Medicine (Al-Eyadhy, Temsah, Almazyad, Alhaboob, Alabdulhafid, Alsohime, Alzahrani, Alammari, Abunohaiah, Alfawzan, Alghamdi), King Saud University; from the Department of Pediatric (Al-Eyadhy, Temsah, Almazyad, Alhaboob, Alabdulhafid, Alsohime), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Pediatrics (Hasan), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, and from the Department of Pediatrics (Hasan), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
MBBS
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Suhail S. Alghamdi
From the College of Medicine (Al-Eyadhy, Temsah, Almazyad, Alhaboob, Alabdulhafid, Alsohime, Alzahrani, Alammari, Abunohaiah, Alfawzan, Alghamdi), King Saud University; from the Department of Pediatric (Al-Eyadhy, Temsah, Almazyad, Alhaboob, Alabdulhafid, Alsohime), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from the Department of Pediatrics (Hasan), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, and from the Department of Pediatrics (Hasan), Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
MBBS
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • eLetters
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF
Loading

References

  1. 1.↵
    1. Burns JP,
    2. Sellers DE,
    3. Meyer EC,
    4. Lewis-Newby M,
    5. Truog RD.
    Epidemiology of death in the PICU at five U.S. teaching hospitals*. Crit Care Med 2014; 42: 2101–2108.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  2. 2.↵
    1. Siddiqui NU,
    2. Ashraf Z,
    3. Jurair H,
    4. Haque A.
    Mortality patterns among critically ill children in a pediatric intensive care unit of a developing country. Indian J Crit Care Med 2015; 19: 147–150.
    OpenUrl
  3. 3.↵
    1. Jung M,
    2. Park H,
    3. Kang D,
    4. Park J,
    5. Jeon K,
    6. Chung CR, et al.
    Age-specific distribution of diagnosis and outcomes of children admitted to ICUs: a population-based cohort study. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2019; 20: e301–e310.
    OpenUrl
  4. 4.↵
    1. Meert KL,
    2. Keele L,
    3. Morrison W,
    4. Berg RA,
    5. Dalton H,
    6. Newth CJ, et al.
    End-of-life practices among tertiary care PICUs in the United States: a multicenter study. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2015; 16: e231–e238.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  5. 5.↵
    1. Moynihan KM,
    2. Alexander PMA,
    3. Schlapbach LJ,
    4. Millar J,
    5. Jacobe S,
    6. Ravindranathan H, et al.
    Epidemiology of childhood death in Australian and New Zealand intensive care units. Intensive Care Med 2019; 45: 1262–1271.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  6. 6.↵
    1. Agra-Tuñas C,
    2. Rodriguez-Ruiz E,
    3. Rodríguez Merino E.
    How do children die in PICUs nowadays? A multicenter study from Spain. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2020; 21: e610–e616.
    OpenUrl
  7. 7.↵
    1. Trowbridge A,
    2. Walter JK,
    3. McConathey E,
    4. Morrison W,
    5. Feudtner C.
    Modes of death within a children’s hospital. Pediatrics 2018; 142: e20174182.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  8. 8.↵
    1. Al-Ayed T,
    2. Rahmo N.
    Do not resuscitate orders in a Saudi pediatric intensive care unit. Saudi Med J 2014; 35: 561–565.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  9. 9.↵
    1. Bin Abdulrhman K,
    2. Al-Jabbary A,
    3. Alturik A,
    4. Al Barrak M,
    5. AlFifi M,
    6. Abuzaid S, et al.
    National policy and procedure for do-not-resuscitate (DNR) status [Internet]. Saudi Health Council; 2017 [accessed 2020 August 8]. Available from: http://omranhospital.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/DNR-E.pdf
  10. 10.↵
    Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation. Annual report for organ trnsplantation in kingdom of Saudi Arabia [Internet]. SCOT; 2019 [accessed 2020 August 8]. Available from: https://scot.gov.sa/en/Home/PDFViewer?pageid=13
  11. 11.↵
    1. Goldstein B,
    2. Giroir B,
    3. Randolph A.
    International pediatric sepsis consensus conference: definitions for sepsis and organ dysfunction in pediatrics. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2005; 6: 2–8.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  12. 12.↵
    1. Ayar G,
    2. Uysal Yazici M,
    3. Sahin S,
    4. Gunduz RC,
    5. Yakut HI,
    6. Oden Akman A, et al.
    Six year mortality profile of a pediatric intensive care unit: associaton between out-of-hours and mortality. Arch Argent Pediatr 2019; 117: 120–125.
    OpenUrl
  13. 13.↵
    1. McAllister DA,
    2. Liu L,
    3. Shi T,
    4. Chu Y,
    5. Reed C,
    6. Burrows J, et al.
    Global, regional, and national estimates of pneumonia morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years between 2000 and 2015: a systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health 2019; 7: e47–e57.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  14. 14.↵
    United States Census Bureau. US and world population clock [Internet]. 2019 [accessed 2020 Dec 26]. Available from: https://www.census.gov/popclock/
  15. 15.↵
    General Authority for Statistics KSA. Population by sex, age groups and nationality mid 2018 [Internet]. 2019 [cited 26 Dec 2020]. Available from: https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/432018
  16. 16.↵
    1. Kassebaum N,
    2. Kyu HH,
    3. Zoeckler L,
    4. Olsen HE,
    5. Thomas K, et al.
    Global Burden of Disease Child and Adolescent Health Collaboration, Kassebaum N, Kyu HH, Zoeckler L, Olsen HE, Thomas K, et al. Child and adolescent health from 1990 to 2015: findings from the global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors 2015 study. JAMA Pediatr 2017; 171: 573–592.
    OpenUrl
  17. 17.↵
    1. Li JJ,
    2. Chen YF,
    3. Lin YX.
    [Investigation of disease spectrum in the PICU of Shengjing hospital of China Medical University between 2005 and 2012]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2013; 15: 472–476. [in Chinese].
    OpenUrl
  18. 18.↵
    1. Punchak M,
    2. Hall K,
    3. Seni A,
    4. Buck WC,
    5. DeUgarte DA,
    6. Hartford E, et al.
    Epidemiology of disease and mortality from a PICU in Mozambique. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2018; 19: e603–e610.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  19. 19.↵
    1. Stewart CE,
    2. Radia T,
    3. Ghafoor K.
    Paediatric sepsis, the under-recognised killer: quality improvement initiative of outreach teaching in paediatric sepsis. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2017; 102: 278–280.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  20. 20.↵
    1. Randolph AG,
    2. McCulloh RJ.
    Pediatric sepsis: important considerations for diagnosing and managing severe infections in infants, children, and adolescents. Virulence 2014; 5: 179–189.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  21. 21.↵
    1. Kissoon N,
    2. Uyeki TM.
    Sepsis and the global burden of disease in children. JAMA Pediatr 2016; 170: 107–108.
    OpenUrl
  22. 22.↵
    1. Jiang W,
    2. Wu M,
    3. Zhou J,
    4. Wang Y,
    5. Hao C,
    6. Ji W, et al.
    Etiologic spectrum and occurrence of coinfections in children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17: 787.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  23. 23.
    1. Sankar J,
    2. Garg M,
    3. Ghimire JJ,
    4. Sankar MJ,
    5. Lodha R,
    6. Kabra SK.
    Delayed administration of antibiotics beyond the first hour of recognition is associated with increased mortality rates in children with sepsis/severe sepsis and septic shock. J Pediatr 2021; 233: 183–190.
    OpenUrl
  24. 24.↵
    1. Schmatz M,
    2. Srinivasan L,
    3. Grundmeier RW,
    4. Elci OU,
    5. Weiss SL,
    6. Masino AJ, et al.
    Surviving sepsis in a referral neonatal intensive care unit: association between time to antibiotic administration and in-hospital outcomes. J Pediatr 2020; 217: 59–65.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  25. 25.↵
    1. Chehab M.
    Modes of death in a paediatric intensive care unit in the Muslim community of Saudi Arabia. Clinical Intensive Care 2003; 14: 135–139.
    OpenUrl
  26. 26.↵
    1. Audigé M,
    2. Gillam L,
    3. Stark Z.
    Treatment limitation and advance planning: hospital-wide audit of paediatric death. J Paediatr Child Health 2020; 56: 893–899.
    OpenUrl
  27. 27.↵
    1. Hileli I,
    2. Weyl Ben Arush M,
    3. Hakim F,
    4. Postovsky S.
    Association between religious and socio-economic background of parents of children with solid tumors and DNR orders. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61: 265–268.
    OpenUrl
  28. 28.↵
    1. Hafez SA,
    2. Snethen JA,
    3. Ngui E,
    4. Ellis J,
    5. Taani M.
    Pediatric end of life care: impact of Islamic faith. West J Nurs Res 2021: 1939459211016503.
  29. 29.↵
    1. Aljethaily A,
    2. Al-Mutairi T,
    3. Al-Harbi K,
    4. Al-Khonezan S,
    5. Aljethaily A,
    6. Al-Homaidhi HS.
    Pediatricians’ perceptions toward do not resuscitate: a survey in Saudi Arabia and literature review. Adv Med Educ Pract 2020; 11: 1–8.
    OpenUrl
  30. 30.↵
    1. Ramelet AS,
    2. Bergstraesser E,
    3. Grandjean C,
    4. Dorsaz A,
    5. Fahrni-Nater P,
    6. Cignacco E, et al.
    Comparison of end-of-life care practices between children with complex chronic conditions and neonates dying in an ICU versus non-ICUs: a substudy of the pediatric end-of-life care needs in Switzerland (PELICAN) project. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2020; 21: e236–e246.
    OpenUrl
  31. 31.↵
    1. Johnston EE,
    2. Bogetz J,
    3. Saynina O,
    4. Chamberlain LJ,
    5. Bhatia S,
    6. Sanders L.
    Disparities in inpatient intensity of end-of-life care for complex chronic conditions. Pediatrics 2019; 143: e20182228.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  32. 32.↵
    1. Temsah MH.
    Ethical considerations about changing parental attitude towards end-of-life care in twins with lethal disease. Sudan J Paediatr 2018; 18: 76–82.
    OpenUrl
  33. 33.↵
    1. Bhanji F,
    2. Topjian AA,
    3. Nadkarni VM,
    4. Praestgaard AH,
    5. Hunt EA,
    6. Cheng A, et al.
    Survival rates following pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrests during nights and weekends. JAMA Pediatr 2017; 171: 39–45.
    OpenUrl
  34. 34.↵
    1. Bhonagiri D,
    2. Pilcher DV,
    3. Bailey MJ.
    Increased mortality associated with after-hours and weekend admission to the intensive care unit: a retrospective analysis. Med J Aust 2011; 194: 287–292.
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
  35. 35.↵
    1. Rehder KJ,
    2. Giuliano JS Jr.,
    3. Napolitano N,
    4. Turner DA,
    5. Nuthall G,
    6. Nadkarni VM, et al.
    Increased occurrence of tracheal intubation-associated events during nights and weekends in the PICU. Crit Care Med 2015; 43: 2668–2674.
    OpenUrl
  36. 36.↵
    1. Stanley LJ.
    Association among neonatal mortality, weekend or nighttime admissions and staffing in a neonatal intensive care unit [Internet]. Digital Commons USF; 2008 [accessed 2021 June 1]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/etd/511/
  37. 37.↵
    1. Thabet FC,
    2. alHaffaf FA,
    3. Bougmiza IM,
    4. Bafaqih HA,
    5. Chehab MS,
    6. alMohaimeed SA.
    Off-hours admissions and mortality in PICU without 24-hour onsite intensivist coverage. J Intensive Care Med 2020; 35: 694–699.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  38. 38.↵
    1. Appiah J,
    2. Salie S,
    3. Argent A,
    4. Morrow B.
    Characteristics, course and outcomes of children admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit after cardiac arrest. South African J Crit Care 2018; 34: 58–64.
    OpenUrl
  39. 39.↵
    1. Kirschen MP,
    2. Francoeur C,
    3. Murphy M,
    4. Traynor D,
    5. Zhang B,
    6. Mensinger JL, et al.
    Epidemiology of brain death in pediatric intensive care units in the United States. JAMA Pediatr 2019; 173: 469–476.
    OpenUrl
  40. 40.↵
    1. Greer DM,
    2. Shemie SD,
    3. Lewis A,
    4. Torrance S,
    5. Varelas P,
    6. Goldenberg FD, et al.
    Determination of brain death/death by neurologic criteria: the world brain death project. JAMA 2020; 324: 1078–1097.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  41. 41.↵
    1. Hasan GM,
    2. Al-Eyadhy AA,
    3. Temsah MA,
    4. Al-Haboob AA,
    5. Alkhateeb MA,
    6. Al-Sohime F.
    Feasibility and efficacy of sepsis management guidelines in a pediatric intensive care unit in Saudi Arabia: a quality improvement initiative. Int J Qual Health Care 2018; 30: 587–593.
    OpenUrl
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

Saudi Medical Journal: 42 (11)
Saudi Medical Journal
Vol. 42, Issue 11
1 Nov 2021
  • Table of Contents
  • Cover (PDF)
  • Index by author
Print
Download PDF
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Saudi Medical Journal.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Causes, timing, and modes of death in a tertiary pediatric intensive care unit
(Your Name) has sent you a message from Saudi Medical Journal
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the Saudi Medical Journal web site.
Citation Tools
Causes, timing, and modes of death in a tertiary pediatric intensive care unit
Ayman Al-Eyadhy, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Gamal M. Hasan, Mohammed Almazyad, Ali A. Alhaboob, Majed Alabdulhafid, Fahad Alsohime, Ahmed S. Alzahrani, Abdullah M. Alammari, Faisal S. Abunohaiah, Nawaf F. Alfawzan, Suhail S. Alghamdi
Saudi Medical Journal Nov 2021, 42 (11) 1186-1194; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2021.42.11.20210508

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
Causes, timing, and modes of death in a tertiary pediatric intensive care unit
Ayman Al-Eyadhy, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Gamal M. Hasan, Mohammed Almazyad, Ali A. Alhaboob, Majed Alabdulhafid, Fahad Alsohime, Ahmed S. Alzahrani, Abdullah M. Alammari, Faisal S. Abunohaiah, Nawaf F. Alfawzan, Suhail S. Alghamdi
Saudi Medical Journal Nov 2021, 42 (11) 1186-1194; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2021.42.11.20210508
Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One
Bookmark this article

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Acknowledgment
    • Footnotes
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • eLetters
  • References
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • PubMed
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • Paediatric organ donation following neurological determinants of death in intensive care units in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective cross-sectional study
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • Exploring communication challenges with children and parents among pharmacists in Saudi Arabia
  • Exploring hypothyroidism’s effects on lipid profiles
  • Assessment of asthma control levels in a tertiary hospital
Show more Original Article

Similar Articles

Keywords

  • causes of death
  • infections
  • mode of death
  • pediatrics
  • Saudi

CONTENT

  • home

JOURNAL

  • home

AUTHORS

  • home
Saudi Medical Journal

© 2025 Saudi Medical Journal Saudi Medical Journal is copyright under the Berne Convention and the International Copyright Convention.  Saudi Medical Journal is an Open Access journal and articles published are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (CC BY-NC). Readers may copy, distribute, and display the work for non-commercial purposes with the proper citation of the original work. Electronic ISSN 1658-3175. Print ISSN 0379-5284.

Powered by HighWire