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Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Clinical presentations, radiological characteristics, and biological risk factors of cerebral venous thrombosis at a University Hospital in Saudi Arabia

Abdullah S. Alamri, Mohammed F. Almuaigel, Zafar Azra, Foziah J. Alshamrani, Noor M. AlMohish and Mona H. AlSheikh
Saudi Medical Journal February 2021, 42 (2) 213-218; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2021.2.25667
Abdullah S. Alamri
From the Neurology Department (Alamri, Almuaigel, Alshamrani, Zafar, AlMohish), King Fahad University Hospital, Al Khobar; from the Neurology Department, College of Medicine (Alamri, Alshamrani, Zafar), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University; and from the Physiology Department (AlSheikh), College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Al Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Mohammed F. Almuaigel
From the Neurology Department (Alamri, Almuaigel, Alshamrani, Zafar, AlMohish), King Fahad University Hospital, Al Khobar; from the Neurology Department, College of Medicine (Alamri, Alshamrani, Zafar), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University; and from the Physiology Department (AlSheikh), College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Al Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Zafar Azra
From the Neurology Department (Alamri, Almuaigel, Alshamrani, Zafar, AlMohish), King Fahad University Hospital, Al Khobar; from the Neurology Department, College of Medicine (Alamri, Alshamrani, Zafar), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University; and from the Physiology Department (AlSheikh), College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Al Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Foziah J. Alshamrani
From the Neurology Department (Alamri, Almuaigel, Alshamrani, Zafar, AlMohish), King Fahad University Hospital, Al Khobar; from the Neurology Department, College of Medicine (Alamri, Alshamrani, Zafar), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University; and from the Physiology Department (AlSheikh), College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Al Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Noor M. AlMohish
From the Neurology Department (Alamri, Almuaigel, Alshamrani, Zafar, AlMohish), King Fahad University Hospital, Al Khobar; from the Neurology Department, College of Medicine (Alamri, Alshamrani, Zafar), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University; and from the Physiology Department (AlSheikh), College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Al Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Mona H. AlSheikh
From the Neurology Department (Alamri, Almuaigel, Alshamrani, Zafar, AlMohish), King Fahad University Hospital, Al Khobar; from the Neurology Department, College of Medicine (Alamri, Alshamrani, Zafar), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University; and from the Physiology Department (AlSheikh), College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Al Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Article Figures & Data

Tables

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    Table 1

    - Demographic characteristics and clinical features.

    Characteristicsn (%)
    Age (Mean ± SD years)
     Total33.5 ± 12
     Male28.3 ± 7.2
     Female37.5 ± 15
    Gender
     Male17 (47.2)
     Female19 (52.7)
    Clinical features
     Headache26 (72.2)
     Hemiparesis14 (38.8)
     Vomiting7 (19.4)
     Seizures6 (16.6)
     Blurred vision6 (16.6)
     Altered sensorium5 (13.8)
     Papilledema7 (19.4)
     Sixth nerve palsy2 (5.5)
     Tinnitus1 (2.7)
    • Data is presented as numbers and percentages (%).

    • View popup
    Table 2

    - Details of predisposing factors in patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.

    Risk factorsn (%)
    Infections
     Mastoiditis2 (5.5)
     Meningitis and cholesteatoma1 (2.7)
    Female related factor
     Puerperium5 (13.8)
     Oral contraceptive usage4 (11.1)
    Thrombotic disorders
     Protein S deficiency5 (13.8)
     Hyperhomocysteinemia1 (2.7)
     Positive lupus anticoagulant4 (11.1)
     Positive antiphospholipid and anticardiolipin antibodies1 (2.7)
     Polycythemia1 (2.7)
    other
     Iron deficiency anemia11 (30.5)
     Sickle cell trait3 (8.3)
     Behcet’s disease2 (5.5)
     Ulcerative colitis2 (5.5)
     Diabetic ketoacidosis1 (2.7)
     Dehydration2 (5.5)
    • View popup
    Table 3

    - Number and pattern of venous sinus involvement

    Thrombosed venous sinuses and veinsn (%)
    Transverse sinus28 (77.7)
    Sigmoid sinus22 (61.1)
    Internal jugular vein17 (47.2)
    Superior sagittal sinus16 (44.4)
    Straight sinus3 (8.3)
    Vein of Galen2 (5.5)
    Inferior sagittal sinus1 (2.7)
    Single sinus involvement
     Superior sagittal sinus alone5 (13.8)
     Straight sinus alone1 (2.7)
    Two sinuses involvement
     Sigmoid and transverse sinus4 (11.1)
     Transverse and superior sagittal sinus2 (5.5)
     Transverse and straight sinus1 (2.7)
     Sigmoid and cavernous sinus1 (2.7)
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Saudi Medical Journal: 42 (2)
Saudi Medical Journal
Vol. 42, Issue 2
1 Feb 2021
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Clinical presentations, radiological characteristics, and biological risk factors of cerebral venous thrombosis at a University Hospital in Saudi Arabia
Abdullah S. Alamri, Mohammed F. Almuaigel, Zafar Azra, Foziah J. Alshamrani, Noor M. AlMohish, Mona H. AlSheikh
Saudi Medical Journal Feb 2021, 42 (2) 213-218; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2021.2.25667

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Clinical presentations, radiological characteristics, and biological risk factors of cerebral venous thrombosis at a University Hospital in Saudi Arabia
Abdullah S. Alamri, Mohammed F. Almuaigel, Zafar Azra, Foziah J. Alshamrani, Noor M. AlMohish, Mona H. AlSheikh
Saudi Medical Journal Feb 2021, 42 (2) 213-218; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2021.2.25667
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Keywords

  • cerebral vein thrombosis
  • cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
  • Saudi Arabia, stroke
  • young adults

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