COVID-19 in children ranging from asymptomatic to a multi-system inflammatory disease: A single-center study

Article Figures & Data

Download figure
Open in new tab
Download powerpoint
Figure 1
- Correlation between the length of stay and the different inflammatory markers as well as vitamin D level. A) CRP, B) lymphocyte count, C) vitamin D, D) ferritin, E) neutrophil count and F) D-dimer.

Table 1

- Epidemiological and clinical presentation of studied population.

Variable	Frequency (%) N=83
Contacted family member with covid-19
Mother	41(49.4)
Father	22 (26.5)
Both (mother & father)	4 (4.8)
Others	16 (19.3)
Underlying comorbidities
Yes	41 (49.4)
No	42 (50.6)
General condition
Sick	5 (6.0)
Well	78 (94.0)
Fever
Yes	53 (63.9)
No	30 (36.1)
Sore throat
Yes	17 (20.5)
No	66 (79.5)
Cough
Yes	27 (32.5)
No	56 (67.5)
Distress
Yes	9 (10.8)
No	74 (89.2)
Hypoxia
Yes	7 (8.4)
No	76 (91.6)
Diarrhea
Yes	23 (27.7)
No	60 (72.3)
Dehydration
Yes	20 (24.1)
No	63 (75.9)
Malaise
Yes	29 (34.9)
No	54 (65.1)
Chest x-ray findings
Presence of lung infiltration	20 (24.1)
Normal	59 (71.1)
N/A	4 (4.8)
Medications
COVID regimen^*	9 (10.8)
No or nonspecific medication	74 (89.1)
Recovery rate
Yes	83 (100)
No	0 (0)

Table 2

- Laboratory findings of the studied population (N=83).

Variables	Mean (SD)
White blood cell (10^{^}⁹/l)	7.89 (3.66)
Hb (g/dl)	12.06 (2.38)
Platelets	318.51 (134.66)
Lymphocytes (10^{^}⁹/l)	3.30 (1.96)
Neutrophils (10^{^}⁹/l)	3.81(3.17)
C-reactive protein (mg/l)	49.81 (24.44)
Ferritin (ng/ml)	284.02 (199.47)
Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L)	323.96 (131.34)
Partial thromboplastin time sec	36.67 (8.08)
INR	1.057 (0.11)
Vitamin D (nmol/l)	55.84(31.55)
^*D-dimer (ug/ml)	0.4 (0.30- 1.37)
^*Procalcitonin (ng/ml)	0.08 (0.04- 0.30)

Table 3

- Leukocytes and inflammatory markers in studied population.

Laboratory parameter	Frequency (%)
Leucopenia (white blood cell <4 10^{^}⁹/l)	15/83 (18)
Lymphopenia (lymphocytes <2 10^{^}⁹/l)	18/83(21.7)
Neutropenia (neutrophils <1 10^{^}⁹/l)	6/83(7.2)
Neutrophilia (neutrophils >9.5 10^{^}⁹/l)	5/83(6)
Leukocytosis (WBC >20 10^{^}⁹/l)	0/83
Vitamin D <50 nmol/l	25/42 (59.5)
High Ferritin (>124 ng/ml)	24/61 (39.3)
D-dimer (>0.5 ug/ml)	24/62 (38.7)
Procalcitonin > 0.05 ng/ml	30/48 (62.5)

Table 4

- Clinical and laboratory characteristics in children with and without underlying comorbidities.

Variable	Absence of comorbidity N=34	Presence of comorbidity N=49	P-value
Length of stay (days)^*	3.48 (2.1)	4.26 (3.4)	0.312
White blood cell (10^{^}⁹/l)^*	7.62 (3.2)	8.28 (4.1)	0.424
Lymphocytes (10^{^}⁹/l)^*	3.49 (1.8)	3.04 (2.1)	0.303
Neutrophils (10^{^}⁹/l) ^*	3.49 (2.5)	4.25(3.8)	0.286
C-reactive protein (mg/l)^*	48.07 (31.7)	49.96 (18.9)	0.276
Procalcitonin (ng/ml)^†	0.08 (0.03-0.22)	0.14 (0.05-0.3475)	0.353
D-dimer (ug/ml)^†	0.37 (0.030-0.53)	0.76 (0.37-3.77)	0.023
Ferritin (ng/ml)^*	262.09 (154.4)	307.08 (265.1)	0.143
Ill looking children^‡	30 (88.2)	48 (97.9)	0.118
Fever^‡	21 (61.7)	32 (65.3)	0.679
Cough^‡	9 (26.4)	20 (40.8)	0.005
Distress^‡	2 (5.8)	9 (18.3)	0.017

^*Values are presented as mean (SD), ^†Values are expressed as median (25^th – 75^th interquartile range), ^‡Values are presented as number and percentage (%).