Article Figures & Data
Tables
Variables n (%) Gender Male 43 (39.4) Female 66 (60.6) Social status Single 5 (4.6) Married 77 (70.6) Widow 20 (18.3) Divorced 7 (6.4) Education level Illiterate 21 (19.3) Elementary 15 (13.8) Secondary 13 (11.9) High school 31 (28.4) Bachelor 21 (19.3) Postgraduate 8 (7.3) Occupation Unemployed 53 (48.6) Governmental sector employee 22 (20.2) Businessman 4 (3.7) Retired 4 (3.7) Private sector employee 26 (23.9) Smoking Non-smoker 81 (74.3) Smoker 28 (25.7) Age <40 4 (3.7) 40 to 59 61 (56) >60 44 (40.3) Family income, Saudi Riyals <5000 34 (31.2) 5000-10000 28 (25.7) 10000-15000 20 (18.3) 15000-20000 12 (11) >20000 15 (13.8) Duration of diabetes <10 51 (46.8) 10- 19 36 (33) 20-29 16 (14.7) >30 6 (5.5) Values are presented as number and percentages(%).
- Table 2
- Correlation of SADDS–17 scores with participants’ demographics and psychological predictors.
Variables Total score Factor 1 (regimen-related distress) Factor 2 (emotional burden) Factor 3 (physician-related distress) Factor 4 (interpersonal distress) Gender 0.08 -0.151 0.154 0.134 -0.018 Age 0.031 -0.056 -0.029 0.036 0.104 Social status 0.118 -0.16 0.201* 0.119 0.08 Educational level -0.184 -0.002 -0.115 -0.133 -0.107 Occupation -0.153 0.059 -0.254† 0.008 -0.073 Family income -0.096 0.13 -0.187 -0.01 -0.128 Duration of diabetes 0.086 0.128 0.117 -0.097 -0.021 Number of family members under your care -0.114 0.054 -0.128 -0.042 -0.163 Smoking -.195* -0.146 -0.081 -0.101 -0.007 Cigarettes 0.162 0.067 0.008 0.16 0.101 Hookah -0.015 -0.108 -0.028 0.101 0.026 Anti-depressant medication -0.138 0.04 -.210* -0.007 -0.115 Visual analogue scale for medication adherence -0.263† -0.317† -0.1 -0.087 0.02 Quality of life physical health domain -0.146 -0.043 -0.109 0.01 -0.183 Quality of life psychological domain -0.114 -0.151 -0.02 0.038 -0.15 Quality of life social relations domain -0.238* -0.09 -0.158 0.025 -0.321† Quality of life environment domain -0.270† -0.083 -0.115 -0.087 -0.333† HADS - anxiety 0.407† -0.004 0.442† 0.249† 0.117 HADS - depression 0.392† 0.091 0.420† 0.153 0.102 Item Statement SADDS Dimensions (α) Factor 1 (regimen -related distress) Factor 2 (emotional burden) Factor 3 (physician -related distress) Factor 4 (interpersonal distress) 1 Feeling that I am not testing my blood sugars frequently enough. Regimen distress 0.743 2 Feeling that I am often failing with my diabetes regimen. 0.838 3 Not feeling confident in my day-to-day ability to manage diabetes. 0.841 4 Feeling that I am not sticking closely enough to a good meal plan. 0.828 5 Not feeling motivated to keep up my diabetes self-management. 0.597 6 Feeling that diabetes is taking up too much of my mental and physical energy every day. Emotional burden 0.683 7 Feeling angry, scared, or depressed when I think about living with diabetes. 0.716 8 Feeling that diabetes controls my life. 0.733 9 Feeling that I will end up with serious long-term complications, no matter what I do. 0.785 10 Feeling overwhelmed by the demands of living with diabetes. 0.602 11 Feeling that my doctor doesn’t know enough about diabetes and diabetes care. Physician-related distress 0.864 12 Feeling that my doctor doesn’t give me clear enough directions on how to manage my diabetes. 0.875 13 Feeling that my doctor doesn’t take my concerns seriously enough. 0.713 14 Feeling that I don’t have a doctor who I can see regularly about my diabetes. 0.664 15 Feeling that friends or family are not supportive enough of my self-care efforts (such, planning activities that conflict with my schedule, encouraging me to eat the “wrong” food). Interpersonal distress 0.81 16 Feeling that friends or family don’t appreciate how difficult living with diabetes can be. 0.85 17 Feeling that friends or family don’t give me the emotional support that I would like. 0.8 SADDS-17: Saudi Arabian diabetes distress scale-17
- Table 4
- Saudi Arabian diabetes distress scale-17 (SADDS-17) inter-item correlation matrix.
SADDS
ItemsSADDS
1SADDS
2SADDS
3SADDS
4SADDS
5SADDS
6SADDS
7SADDS
8SADDS
9SADDS 1 1 0.029 0.327 0.084 0.114 0.121 -0.004 0.471 0.154 SADDS 2 0.029 1 0.075 0.722 -0.03 0.149 0.262 0.135 0.564 SADDS 3 0.327 0.075 1 0.091 0.288 0.144 0.106 0.364 0.183 SADDS 4 0.084 0.722 0.091 1 0.091 0.232 0.033 0.093 0.459 SADDS 5 0.114 -0.03 0.288 0.091 1 0.453 0.042 0.108 0.104 SADDS 6 0.121 0.149 0.144 0.232 0.453 1 0.16 0.115 0.212 SADDS 7 -0.004 0.262 0.106 0.033 0.042 0.16 1 0.146 0.158 SADDS 8 0.471 0.135 0.364 0.093 0.108 0.115 0.146 1 0.188 SADDS 9 0.154 0.564 0.183 0.459 0.104 0.212 0.158 0.188 1 SADDS 10 0.176 0.065 0.216 0.178 0.43 0.816 -0.005 0.084 0.239 SADDS 11 0.357 0.075 0.533 0.065 0.245 0.157 0.105 0.511 0.219 SADDS 12 0.104 0.1 0.196 0.124 0.718 0.606 0.096 0.213 0.265 SADDS 13 0.076 0.188 0.106 0.072 0.066 0.183 0.556 0.229 0.346 SADDS 14 0.331 0.264 0.455 0.264 0.297 0.252 0.271 0.411 0.312 SADDS 15 0.081 0.413 0.178 0.511 0.29 0.201 0.106 0.28 0.489 SADDS 16 0.119 0.207 0.426 0.26 0.376 0.467 0.196 0.144 0.365 SADDS 17 0.062 0.239 0.041 0.217 0.118 0.228 0.492 0.297 0.199 SADDS
ItemsSADDS
10SADDS
11SADDS
12SADDS
13SADDS
14SADDS
15SADDS
16SADDS
17SADDS 1 0.176 0.357 0.104 0.076 0.331 0.081 0.119 0.062 SADDS 2 0.065 0.075 0.1 0.188 0.264 0.413 0.207 0.239 SADDS 3 0.216 0.533 0.196 0.106 0.455 0.178 0.426 0.041 SADDS 4 0.178 0.065 0.124 0.072 0.264 0.511 0.26 0.217 SADDS 5 0.43 0.245 0.718 0.066 0.297 0.29 0.376 0.118 SADDS 6 0.816 0.157 0.606 0.183 0.252 0.201 0.467 0.228 SADDS 7 -0.005 0.105 0.096 0.556 0.271 0.106 0.196 0.492 SADDS 8 0.084 0.511 0.213 0.229 0.411 0.28 0.144 0.297 SADDS 9 0.239 0.219 0.265 0.346 0.312 0.489 0.365 0.199 SADDS 10 1 0.264 0.582 0.066 0.285 0.114 0.492 0.06 SADDS 11 0.264 1 0.335 0.17 0.531 0.173 0.447 0.088 SADDS 12 0.582 0.335 1 0.149 0.402 0.365 0.492 0.195 SADDS 13 0.066 0.17 0.149 1 0.403 0.221 0.172 0.627 SADDS 14 0.285 0.531 0.402 0.403 1 0.388 0.448 0.326 SADDS 15 0.114 0.173 0.365 0.221 0.388 1 0.333 0.264 SADDS 16 0.492 0.447 0.492 0.172 0.448 0.333 1 0.263 SADDS 17 0.06 0.088 0.195 0.627 0.326 0.264 0.263 1
