Factors affecting dimensions of the ethmoid infundibulum and maxillary sinus natural ostium in a normal population

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Figure 1
- Methods of measuring ethmoid infundibulum dimensions, maxillary sinus natural ostium diameter, and deviated nasal septum. A) Ethmoid infundibulum width was defined as the line between uncinate process and bullae ethmoidalis. B) Ethmoid infundibulum length was defined as the uncinate process length from its free edge to the attachment above the inferior turbinate on coronal CT. C) Maxillary sinus natural ostium diameter was defined as the length of a line drawn between the uncinate process attachment and the bony part of the orbit floor or anterior ethmoid air cells. (D) Deviated nasal septum was defined as a deviation of >10 degrees from a vertical line from the crista galli to the nasal floor.

Table 1

- Comparisons of ethmoid infundibulum and natural ostium dimensions between left and right sides.

Dimensions	EI width (mm)	EI length (mm)	MSNO (mm)
Dimensions	Mean±SD
Right side (n=100)	2.37±0.60	7.87±1.52	3.11±0.76
Left side (n=100)	2.29±0.53	8.34±1.50	3.13±0.74
Gap between sides	0.072±0.67	0.47±1.38	0.03±0.7
P-value	0.288	0.01*	0.723

EI: ethmoid infundibulum, MSNO: maxillary sinus natural ostium SD: Standard deviation.

Table 2

- Comparisons of ethmoid infundibulum and natural ostium dimensions according to gender and age.

Variables	EI width (mm)		EI length (mm)		MSNO diameter (mm)
Variables	Right side	Left side	Right side	Left side	Right side	Left side
Men (45%)	2.34±0.42	2.33±0.46	8.17±1.55	8.40±1.20	3.2±0.72	3.17±0.68
Women (55%)	2.39±0.71	2.26±0.59	7.62±1.47	8.29±1.72	3.03±0.79	3.1±0.8
≥60 years (41%)	2.53±0.8*	2.35±0.69	8.07±1.58	8.49±1.64	3.23±0.85	3.25±0.9
<60 years (59%)	2.25±0.37	2.25±0.39	7.73±1.47	8.24±1.41	3.02±0.68	3.05±0.61

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. EI: ethmoid infundibulum, MSNO: maxillary sinus natural ostium

Table 3

- Comparisons of ethmoid infundibulum and natural ostium dimensions according to the presence and absence of multiple anatomical factors.

Anatomical variation	n (%)	EI width (mm)	EI length (mm)	MSNO (mm)
Deviated nasal septum
Yes	42 (21%)	2.28±0.66	8.12±1.56	3.08±0.67
No	158 (79)	2.34±0.54	8.05±1.56	3.13±0.77
Haller cells
Yes	41 (20.5)	2.21±0.64	8.84±1.56*	3.04±0.89
No	159 (79.5)	2.36±0.54	7.92±1.47	3.14±0.71
Accessory ostium of maxilla
Yes	40 (20)	2.40±0.56	7.75±1.62	3.48±0.77*
No	160 (80)	2.31±0.56	8.19±1.49	3.03±0.72
Concha bullosa
Yes	49 (24.5)	2.28±0.39	8.32±1.47	3.07±0.68
No	151 (75.5)	2.35±0.61	8.04±1.54	3.13±0.78