Prevalence and predictive factors for infertility-related stress among infertile couples: A cross-sectional study from Jordan and the occupied Palestinian territories

Deema J. Jaber; Haneen A. Basheer; Abla M. Albsoul-Younes; Lina M. Elsalem; Jehan M. Hamadneh; Mohammad K. Dweib; Hanadi T. Ahmedah

doi:10.15537/smj.2022.43.10.20220411

References

1.↵
1. Vander Borght M,
2. Wyns C.
Fertility and infertility: definition and epidemiology. Clin Biochem 2018; 62: 2–10.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed
2.↵
1. Cairncross ZF,
2. Ahmed SB,
3. Dumanski SM,
4. Nerenberg KA,
5. Metcalfe A.
Infertility and the risk of cardiovascular disease: findings from the Study of women’s health across the nation (SWAN). CJC Open 2020; 3: 400–408.
OpenUrl
3.↵
1. Cunningham J.
Infertility: a primer for primary care providers. JAAPA 2017; 30: 19–25.
OpenUrl
4.↵
1. Sun H,
2. Gong TT,
3. Jiang YT,
4. Zhang S,
5. Zhao YH,
6. Wu QJ.
Global, regional, and national prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years for infertility in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: results from a global burden of disease study, 2017. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11: 10952–10991.
OpenUrl
5.↵
1. Mustafa AG,
2. Alzoubi KH,
3. Khabour OF,
4. Alfaqih MA.
Perspectives and attitudes of Jordanian medical and paramedical students toward surrogate pregnancy. Int J Womens Health 2018; 10: 617–622.
OpenUrl
6.↵
1. Jaradat N,
2. Zaid AN.
Herbal remedies used for the treatment of infertility in males and females by traditional healers in the rural areas of the West Bank/Palestine. BMC Complement Altern Med 2019; 19: 194.
OpenUrl
7.↵
1. Massarotti C,
2. Gentile G,
3. Ferreccio C,
4. Scaruffi P,
5. Remorgida V,
6. Anserini P.
Impact of infertility and infertility treatments on quality of life and levels of anxiety and depression in women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35: 485–489.
OpenUrl PubMed
8.↵
1. Bawadi HA,
2. Al-Hamdan Z.
The cultural beliefs of Jordanian women during childbearing: implications for nursing care. Int Nurs Rev 2017; 64: 187–194.
OpenUrl
9.↵
1. Fallahzadeh H,
2. Zareei Mahmood Abadi H,
3. Momayyezi M,
4. Malaki Moghadam H,
5. Keyghobadi N.
The comparison of depression and anxiety between fertile and infertile couples: a meta-analysis study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2019; 17: 153–162.
OpenUrl
10.
1. Ni Y,
2. Tong C,
3. Huang L,
4. Zhou W,
5. Zhang A.
The analysis of fertility quality of life and the influencing factors of patients with repeated implantation failure. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2021; 19: 32.
OpenUrl
11.↵
1. Wang T,
2. Zhou Y,
3. Fu J,
4. Chen M,
5. Luo Y.
Level of depression, anxiety and stress in patients with intrauterine adhesions in Hunan Province, China: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2020; 15: e0229832.
OpenUrl
12.↵
1. Liu Q,
2. He H,
3. Yang J,
4. Feng X,
5. Zhao F,
6. Lyu J.
Changes in the global burden of depression from 1990-2017: findings from the Global Burden of Disease study. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 126: 134–140.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed
13.↵
1. Daibes MA,
2. Safadi RR,
3. Athamneh T,
4. Anees IF,
5. Constantino RE.
‘Half a woman, half a man; that is how they make me feel’: a qualitative study of rural Jordanian women’s experience of infertility. Cult Health Sex 2018; 20: 516–530.
OpenUrl
14.↵
1. Mahadeen AI,
2. Hamdan-Mansour AM,
3. Habashneh SA,
4. Dardas LA.
Sexual satisfaction among infertile couples: demographics and psychosocial health factors. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2020; 58: 40–47.
OpenUrl
15.↵
1. Seshadri S,
2. Morris G,
3. Serhal P,
4. Saab W.
Assisted conception in women of advanced maternal age. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 70: 10–20.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed
16.↵
1. Haimovici F,
2. Anderson JL,
3. Bates GW,
4. Racowsky C,
5. Ginsburg ES,
6. Simovici D, et al.
Stress, anxiety, and depression of both partners in infertile couples are associated with cytokine levels and adverse IVF outcome. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 79: e12832.
OpenUrl
17.↵
1. Beeder LA,
2. Samplaski MK.
Effect of antidepressant medications on semen parameters and male fertility. Int J Urol 2020; 27: 39–46.
OpenUrl
18.↵
1. Evans-Hoeker EA,
2. Eisenberg E,
3. Diamond MP,
4. Legro RS,
5. Alvero R,
6. Coutifaris C, et al.
Major depression, antidepressant use, and male and female fertility. Fertil Steril 2018; 109: 879–887.
OpenUrl
19.↵
1. Tabachnick BG,
2. Fidell LS,
3. Ullman JB.
Using multivariate statistics, 7th edition. [Updated 2019; 2018 Nov 15]. Available from: https://www.pearson.com/en-us/subject-catalog/p/using-multivariate-statistics/P200000003097/9780137526543
20.↵
1. Aubel J,
2. Martin SL,
3. Cunningham K.
Introduction: a family systems approach to promote maternal, child and adolescent nutrition. Matern Child Nutr 2021; 17: e13228.
OpenUrl
21.↵
1. Al-yazori M.
Relationship between infertility related stress and type of coping among infertile males and females-Gaza strip. [Updated 2012; 2018 Oct 1]. Available from: http://thesis.mandumah.com/Record/207549/Details
22.↵
1. Newton CR,
2. Sherrard W,
3. Glavac I.
The fertility problem inventory: measuring perceived infertility-related stress. Fertil Steril 1999; 72: 54–62.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed Web of Science
23.↵
1. Satheesan SC,
2. Satyanarayana VA.
Quality of marital relationship, partner violence, psychological distress, and resilience in women with primary infertility. IJCMPH 2018; 5: 734–739.
OpenUrl
24.↵
1. Yamanaka-Altenstein M,
2. Rauch-Anderegg V,
3. Heinrichs N.
The link between infertility-related distress and psychological distress in couples awaiting fertility treatment: a dyadic approach. Hum Fertil (Camb) 2021: 1–15.
25.↵
1. Patel A,
2. Venkata Narasimha Sharma PS,
3. Kumar P.
Psychiatric disorders in women seeking fertility treatments: a clinical investigation in India. Int J Fertil Steril 2020; 14: 68–71.
OpenUrl
26.↵
1. Sohbati F,
2. Hasanpoor-Azghady SB,
3. Jafarabadi M,
4. Amiri-Farahani L,
5. Mohebbi M.
Psychological well-being of infertile women and its relationship with demographic factors and fertility history: a cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health 2021; 21: 22.
OpenUrl
27.↵
1. Marie M
, SaadAdeen S, Battat M. Anxiety disorders and PTSD in Palestine: a literature review. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20: 509.
OpenUrl
28.↵
1. Katwsa L.
Psychological distress among infertile women attending Razan Center in West Bank in Palestine: quantitative study. [Updated 2013; 2018 Oct 16]. Available from: https://repository.najah.edu/handle/20.500.11888/6819
29.↵
1. Elsous A,
2. El-Kass SA,
3. Salama A,
4. Radwan M,
5. Abo-Eid S,
6. Baloushah S.
Depression among infertile women in Gaza Strip: symptom severity and predictors. Depress Res Treat 2021; 2021: 6616489.
OpenUrl
30.↵
1. Collins ME.
Impact of infertility on daily occupations and roles. AJOT 2018; 72: 7211505128p1.
OpenUrl
31.↵
1. Purewal S,
2. Chapman SCE,
3. van den Akker OBA.
Depression and state anxiety scores during assisted reproductive treatment are associated with outcome: a meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2018; 36: 646–657.
OpenUrl
32.↵
1. Patel A,
2. Sharma PSVN,
3. Kumar P,
4. Binu VS.
Illness cognitions, anxiety, and depression in men and women undergoing fertility treatments: a dyadic approach. J Hum Reprod Sci 2018; 11: 180–189.
OpenUrl
33.↵
1. Maranhão KDS,
2. Mariz MEGSM,
3. Araújo EAD,
4. Souza GR,
5. Taveira KVM,
6. Morais DB.
Factors related to infertility in Brazil and their relationship with success rates after assisted reproduction treatment: an integrative review. JBRA Assist Reprod 2021; 25: 136–149.
OpenUrl
34.↵
1. Kawwass JF,
2. Penzias AS,
3. Adashi EY.
Fertility-a human right worthy of mandated insurance coverage: the evolution, limitations, and future of access to care. Fertil Steril 2021; 115: 29–42.
OpenUrl CrossRef
35.↵
1. Morshed-Behbahani B,
2. Lamyian M,
3. Joulaei H,
4. Rashidi BH,
5. Montazeri A.
Infertility policy analysis: a comparative study of selected lower middle- middle- and high-income countries. Global Health 2020; 16: 104.
OpenUrl
36.↵
1. Ombelet W,
2. Onofre J.
IVF in Africa: what is it all about? Facts Views Vis Obgyn 2019; 11: 65–76.
OpenUrl PubMed
37.↵
1. Issanov A,
2. Aimagambetova G,
3. Terzic S,
4. Bapayeva G,
5. Ukybassova T,
6. Baikoshkarova S, et al.
Impact of governmental support to the IVF clinical pregnancy rates: differences between public and private clinical settings in Kazakhstan-a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12: e049388.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text
38.↵
1. Hassan SU,
2. Zahra A,
3. Parveen N,
4. Iqbal N,
5. Mumtaz S,
6. Batool A.
Quality of infertility care services and emotional health of South Asian women. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15: 1131–1146.
OpenUrl
39.↵
1. Yilmaz E,
2. Kavak F.
The effect of stigma on depression levels of Turkish women with infertility. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2019; 55: 378–382.
OpenUrl
40.↵
1. Posel D.
Living alone and depression in a developing country context: longitudinal evidence from South Africa. SSM Popul Health 2021; 14: 100800.
OpenUrl
41.↵
1. Makara-Studzińska M,
2. Limanin A,
3. Anusiewicz A,
4. Janczyk P,
5. Raczkiewicz D,
6. Wdowiak-Filip A, et al.
Assessment of quality of life in men treated for infertility in Poland. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19: 2950.
OpenUrl

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Keywords

[1] 1.↵
Vander Borght M,
Wyns C.
Fertility and infertility: definition and epidemiology. Clin Biochem 2018; 62: 2–10.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[2] Vander Borght M,

[3] Wyns C.

[4] 2.↵
Cairncross ZF,
Ahmed SB,
Dumanski SM,
Nerenberg KA,
Metcalfe A.
Infertility and the risk of cardiovascular disease: findings from the Study of women’s health across the nation (SWAN). CJC Open 2020; 3: 400–408.
OpenUrl

[5] Cairncross ZF,

[6] Ahmed SB,

[7] Dumanski SM,

[8] Nerenberg KA,

[9] Metcalfe A.

[10] 3.↵
Cunningham J.
Infertility: a primer for primary care providers. JAAPA 2017; 30: 19–25.
OpenUrl

[11] Cunningham J.

[12] 4.↵
Sun H,
Gong TT,
Jiang YT,
Zhang S,
Zhao YH,
Wu QJ.
Global, regional, and national prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years for infertility in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: results from a global burden of disease study, 2017. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11: 10952–10991.
OpenUrl

[13] Sun H,

[14] Gong TT,

[15] Jiang YT,

[16] Zhang S,

[17] Zhao YH,

[18] Wu QJ.

[19] 5.↵
Mustafa AG,
Alzoubi KH,
Khabour OF,
Alfaqih MA.
Perspectives and attitudes of Jordanian medical and paramedical students toward surrogate pregnancy. Int J Womens Health 2018; 10: 617–622.
OpenUrl

[20] Mustafa AG,

[21] Alzoubi KH,

[22] Khabour OF,

[23] Alfaqih MA.

[24] 6.↵
Jaradat N,
Zaid AN.
Herbal remedies used for the treatment of infertility in males and females by traditional healers in the rural areas of the West Bank/Palestine. BMC Complement Altern Med 2019; 19: 194.
OpenUrl

[25] Jaradat N,

[26] Zaid AN.

[27] 7.↵
Massarotti C,
Gentile G,
Ferreccio C,
Scaruffi P,
Remorgida V,
Anserini P.
Impact of infertility and infertility treatments on quality of life and levels of anxiety and depression in women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35: 485–489.
OpenUrl PubMed

[28] Massarotti C,

[29] Gentile G,

[30] Ferreccio C,

[31] Scaruffi P,

[32] Remorgida V,

[33] Anserini P.

[34] 8.↵
Bawadi HA,
Al-Hamdan Z.
The cultural beliefs of Jordanian women during childbearing: implications for nursing care. Int Nurs Rev 2017; 64: 187–194.
OpenUrl

[35] Bawadi HA,

[36] Al-Hamdan Z.

[37] 9.↵
Fallahzadeh H,
Zareei Mahmood Abadi H,
Momayyezi M,
Malaki Moghadam H,
Keyghobadi N.
The comparison of depression and anxiety between fertile and infertile couples: a meta-analysis study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2019; 17: 153–162.
OpenUrl

[38] Fallahzadeh H,

[39] Zareei Mahmood Abadi H,

[40] Momayyezi M,

[41] Malaki Moghadam H,

[42] Keyghobadi N.

[43] 10.
Ni Y,
Tong C,
Huang L,
Zhou W,
Zhang A.
The analysis of fertility quality of life and the influencing factors of patients with repeated implantation failure. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2021; 19: 32.
OpenUrl

[44] Ni Y,

[45] Tong C,

[46] Huang L,

[47] Zhou W,

[48] Zhang A.

[49] 11.↵
Wang T,
Zhou Y,
Fu J,
Chen M,
Luo Y.
Level of depression, anxiety and stress in patients with intrauterine adhesions in Hunan Province, China: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2020; 15: e0229832.
OpenUrl

[50] Wang T,

[51] Zhou Y,

[52] Fu J,

[53] Chen M,

[54] Luo Y.

[55] 12.↵
Liu Q,
He H,
Yang J,
Feng X,
Zhao F,
Lyu J.
Changes in the global burden of depression from 1990-2017: findings from the Global Burden of Disease study. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 126: 134–140.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[56] Liu Q,

[57] He H,

[58] Yang J,

[59] Feng X,

[60] Zhao F,

[61] Lyu J.

[62] 13.↵
Daibes MA,
Safadi RR,
Athamneh T,
Anees IF,
Constantino RE.
‘Half a woman, half a man; that is how they make me feel’: a qualitative study of rural Jordanian women’s experience of infertility. Cult Health Sex 2018; 20: 516–530.
OpenUrl

[63] Daibes MA,

[64] Safadi RR,

[65] Athamneh T,

[66] Anees IF,

[67] Constantino RE.

[68] 14.↵
Mahadeen AI,
Hamdan-Mansour AM,
Habashneh SA,
Dardas LA.
Sexual satisfaction among infertile couples: demographics and psychosocial health factors. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2020; 58: 40–47.
OpenUrl

[69] Mahadeen AI,

[70] Hamdan-Mansour AM,

[71] Habashneh SA,

[72] Dardas LA.

[73] 15.↵
Seshadri S,
Morris G,
Serhal P,
Saab W.
Assisted conception in women of advanced maternal age. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 70: 10–20.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[74] Seshadri S,

[75] Morris G,

[76] Serhal P,

[77] Saab W.

[78] 16.↵
Haimovici F,
Anderson JL,
Bates GW,
Racowsky C,
Ginsburg ES,
Simovici D, et al.
Stress, anxiety, and depression of both partners in infertile couples are associated with cytokine levels and adverse IVF outcome. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 79: e12832.
OpenUrl

[79] Haimovici F,

[80] Anderson JL,

[81] Bates GW,

[82] Racowsky C,

[83] Ginsburg ES,

[84] Simovici D, et al.

[85] 17.↵
Beeder LA,
Samplaski MK.
Effect of antidepressant medications on semen parameters and male fertility. Int J Urol 2020; 27: 39–46.
OpenUrl

[86] Beeder LA,

[87] Samplaski MK.

[88] 18.↵
Evans-Hoeker EA,
Eisenberg E,
Diamond MP,
Legro RS,
Alvero R,
Coutifaris C, et al.
Major depression, antidepressant use, and male and female fertility. Fertil Steril 2018; 109: 879–887.
OpenUrl

[89] Evans-Hoeker EA,

[90] Eisenberg E,

[91] Diamond MP,

[92] Legro RS,

[93] Alvero R,

[94] Coutifaris C, et al.

[95] 19.↵
Tabachnick BG,
Fidell LS,
Ullman JB.
Using multivariate statistics, 7th edition. [Updated 2019; 2018 Nov 15]. Available from: https://www.pearson.com/en-us/subject-catalog/p/using-multivariate-statistics/P200000003097/9780137526543

[96] Tabachnick BG,

[97] Fidell LS,

[98] Ullman JB.

[99] 20.↵
Aubel J,
Martin SL,
Cunningham K.
Introduction: a family systems approach to promote maternal, child and adolescent nutrition. Matern Child Nutr 2021; 17: e13228.
OpenUrl

[100] Aubel J,

[101] Martin SL,

[102] Cunningham K.

[103] 21.↵
Al-yazori M.
Relationship between infertility related stress and type of coping among infertile males and females-Gaza strip. [Updated 2012; 2018 Oct 1]. Available from: http://thesis.mandumah.com/Record/207549/Details

[104] Al-yazori M.

[105] 22.↵
Newton CR,
Sherrard W,
Glavac I.
The fertility problem inventory: measuring perceived infertility-related stress. Fertil Steril 1999; 72: 54–62.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed Web of Science

[106] Newton CR,

[107] Sherrard W,

[108] Glavac I.

[109] 23.↵
Satheesan SC,
Satyanarayana VA.
Quality of marital relationship, partner violence, psychological distress, and resilience in women with primary infertility. IJCMPH 2018; 5: 734–739.
OpenUrl

[110] Satheesan SC,

[111] Satyanarayana VA.

[112] 24.↵
Yamanaka-Altenstein M,
Rauch-Anderegg V,
Heinrichs N.
The link between infertility-related distress and psychological distress in couples awaiting fertility treatment: a dyadic approach. Hum Fertil (Camb) 2021: 1–15.

[113] Yamanaka-Altenstein M,

[114] Rauch-Anderegg V,

[115] Heinrichs N.

[116] 25.↵
Patel A,
Venkata Narasimha Sharma PS,
Kumar P.
Psychiatric disorders in women seeking fertility treatments: a clinical investigation in India. Int J Fertil Steril 2020; 14: 68–71.
OpenUrl

[117] Patel A,

[118] Venkata Narasimha Sharma PS,

[119] Kumar P.

[120] 26.↵
Sohbati F,
Hasanpoor-Azghady SB,
Jafarabadi M,
Amiri-Farahani L,
Mohebbi M.
Psychological well-being of infertile women and its relationship with demographic factors and fertility history: a cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health 2021; 21: 22.
OpenUrl

[121] Sohbati F,

[122] Hasanpoor-Azghady SB,

[123] Jafarabadi M,

[124] Amiri-Farahani L,

[125] Mohebbi M.

[126] 27.↵
Marie M
, SaadAdeen S, Battat M. Anxiety disorders and PTSD in Palestine: a literature review. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20: 509.
OpenUrl

[127] Marie M

[128] 28.↵
Katwsa L.
Psychological distress among infertile women attending Razan Center in West Bank in Palestine: quantitative study. [Updated 2013; 2018 Oct 16]. Available from: https://repository.najah.edu/handle/20.500.11888/6819

[129] Katwsa L.

[130] 29.↵
Elsous A,
El-Kass SA,
Salama A,
Radwan M,
Abo-Eid S,
Baloushah S.
Depression among infertile women in Gaza Strip: symptom severity and predictors. Depress Res Treat 2021; 2021: 6616489.
OpenUrl

[131] Elsous A,

[132] El-Kass SA,

[133] Salama A,

[134] Radwan M,

[135] Abo-Eid S,

[136] Baloushah S.

[137] 30.↵
Collins ME.
Impact of infertility on daily occupations and roles. AJOT 2018; 72: 7211505128p1.
OpenUrl

[138] Collins ME.

[139] 31.↵
Purewal S,
Chapman SCE,
van den Akker OBA.
Depression and state anxiety scores during assisted reproductive treatment are associated with outcome: a meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2018; 36: 646–657.
OpenUrl

[140] Purewal S,

[141] Chapman SCE,

[142] van den Akker OBA.

[143] 32.↵
Patel A,
Sharma PSVN,
Kumar P,
Binu VS.
Illness cognitions, anxiety, and depression in men and women undergoing fertility treatments: a dyadic approach. J Hum Reprod Sci 2018; 11: 180–189.
OpenUrl

[144] Patel A,

[145] Sharma PSVN,

[146] Kumar P,

[147] Binu VS.

[148] 33.↵
Maranhão KDS,
Mariz MEGSM,
Araújo EAD,
Souza GR,
Taveira KVM,
Morais DB.
Factors related to infertility in Brazil and their relationship with success rates after assisted reproduction treatment: an integrative review. JBRA Assist Reprod 2021; 25: 136–149.
OpenUrl

[149] Maranhão KDS,

[150] Mariz MEGSM,

[151] Araújo EAD,

[152] Souza GR,

[153] Taveira KVM,

[154] Morais DB.

[155] 34.↵
Kawwass JF,
Penzias AS,
Adashi EY.
Fertility-a human right worthy of mandated insurance coverage: the evolution, limitations, and future of access to care. Fertil Steril 2021; 115: 29–42.
OpenUrl CrossRef

[156] Kawwass JF,

[157] Penzias AS,

[158] Adashi EY.

[159] 35.↵
Morshed-Behbahani B,
Lamyian M,
Joulaei H,
Rashidi BH,
Montazeri A.
Infertility policy analysis: a comparative study of selected lower middle- middle- and high-income countries. Global Health 2020; 16: 104.
OpenUrl

[160] Morshed-Behbahani B,

[161] Lamyian M,

[162] Joulaei H,

[163] Rashidi BH,

[164] Montazeri A.

[165] 36.↵
Ombelet W,
Onofre J.
IVF in Africa: what is it all about? Facts Views Vis Obgyn 2019; 11: 65–76.
OpenUrl PubMed

[166] Ombelet W,

[167] Onofre J.

[168] 37.↵
Issanov A,
Aimagambetova G,
Terzic S,
Bapayeva G,
Ukybassova T,
Baikoshkarova S, et al.
Impact of governmental support to the IVF clinical pregnancy rates: differences between public and private clinical settings in Kazakhstan-a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12: e049388.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[169] Issanov A,

[170] Aimagambetova G,

[171] Terzic S,

[172] Bapayeva G,

[173] Ukybassova T,

[174] Baikoshkarova S, et al.

[175] 38.↵
Hassan SU,
Zahra A,
Parveen N,
Iqbal N,
Mumtaz S,
Batool A.
Quality of infertility care services and emotional health of South Asian women. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15: 1131–1146.
OpenUrl

[176] Hassan SU,

[177] Zahra A,

[178] Parveen N,

[179] Iqbal N,

[180] Mumtaz S,

[181] Batool A.

[182] 39.↵
Yilmaz E,
Kavak F.
The effect of stigma on depression levels of Turkish women with infertility. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2019; 55: 378–382.
OpenUrl

[183] Yilmaz E,

[184] Kavak F.

[185] 40.↵
Posel D.
Living alone and depression in a developing country context: longitudinal evidence from South Africa. SSM Popul Health 2021; 14: 100800.
OpenUrl

[186] Posel D.

[187] 41.↵
Makara-Studzińska M,
Limanin A,
Anusiewicz A,
Janczyk P,
Raczkiewicz D,
Wdowiak-Filip A, et al.
Assessment of quality of life in men treated for infertility in Poland. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19: 2950.
OpenUrl

[188] Makara-Studzińska M,

[189] Limanin A,

[190] Anusiewicz A,

[191] Janczyk P,

[192] Raczkiewicz D,

[193] Wdowiak-Filip A, et al.

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Prevalence and predictive factors for infertility-related stress among infertile couples

A cross-sectional study from Jordan and the occupied Palestinian territories

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Prevalence and predictive factors for infertility-related stress among infertile couples

A cross-sectional study from Jordan and the occupied Palestinian territories

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