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Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Identification of human immunodeficiency virus -1 E protein-targeting lead compounds by pharmacophore based screening

Mazen M. Almehmadi, Alaa A. Shafie, Mamdouh Allahyani, Tahir Muhammad, Soukayna Baammi, Abdulelah Aljuaid, Abdulraheem A. Almalki, Ahad Amer Alsaiari and Amal Adnan Ashour
Saudi Medical Journal December 2022, 43 (12) 1324-1332; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2022.43.12.20220599
Mazen M. Almehmadi
From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Almehmadi, Shafie, Allahyani, Aljuaid, Almalki, Alsaiari), College of Applied Medical Sciences, and from the Department of Oral (Ashour), Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; from the Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development (MiND) Lab (Muhammad), Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; and from the African Genome Centre (Baammi), Mohammad VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco.
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Alaa A. Shafie
From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Almehmadi, Shafie, Allahyani, Aljuaid, Almalki, Alsaiari), College of Applied Medical Sciences, and from the Department of Oral (Ashour), Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; from the Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development (MiND) Lab (Muhammad), Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; and from the African Genome Centre (Baammi), Mohammad VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco.
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Mamdouh Allahyani
From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Almehmadi, Shafie, Allahyani, Aljuaid, Almalki, Alsaiari), College of Applied Medical Sciences, and from the Department of Oral (Ashour), Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; from the Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development (MiND) Lab (Muhammad), Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; and from the African Genome Centre (Baammi), Mohammad VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco.
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Tahir Muhammad
From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Almehmadi, Shafie, Allahyani, Aljuaid, Almalki, Alsaiari), College of Applied Medical Sciences, and from the Department of Oral (Ashour), Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; from the Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development (MiND) Lab (Muhammad), Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; and from the African Genome Centre (Baammi), Mohammad VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco.
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Soukayna Baammi
From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Almehmadi, Shafie, Allahyani, Aljuaid, Almalki, Alsaiari), College of Applied Medical Sciences, and from the Department of Oral (Ashour), Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; from the Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development (MiND) Lab (Muhammad), Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; and from the African Genome Centre (Baammi), Mohammad VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco.
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Abdulelah Aljuaid
From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Almehmadi, Shafie, Allahyani, Aljuaid, Almalki, Alsaiari), College of Applied Medical Sciences, and from the Department of Oral (Ashour), Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; from the Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development (MiND) Lab (Muhammad), Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; and from the African Genome Centre (Baammi), Mohammad VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco.
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Abdulraheem A. Almalki
From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Almehmadi, Shafie, Allahyani, Aljuaid, Almalki, Alsaiari), College of Applied Medical Sciences, and from the Department of Oral (Ashour), Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; from the Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development (MiND) Lab (Muhammad), Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; and from the African Genome Centre (Baammi), Mohammad VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco.
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Ahad Amer Alsaiari
From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Almehmadi, Shafie, Allahyani, Aljuaid, Almalki, Alsaiari), College of Applied Medical Sciences, and from the Department of Oral (Ashour), Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; from the Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development (MiND) Lab (Muhammad), Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; and from the African Genome Centre (Baammi), Mohammad VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco.
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Amal Adnan Ashour
From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Almehmadi, Shafie, Allahyani, Aljuaid, Almalki, Alsaiari), College of Applied Medical Sciences, and from the Department of Oral (Ashour), Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; from the Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development (MiND) Lab (Muhammad), Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; and from the African Genome Centre (Baammi), Mohammad VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco.
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  • Figure 1
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    Figure 1

    - A 3D structure-based pharmacophore features generated by the knowledge of molecular interactions between gp120 and BMS-488043. The H-bond acceptor features are shown in purple color, Aromatic features are shown in green color while H-bond donor and hydrophobic features are shown in blue color. BMS-488043 mapped on the pharmacophore features are shown in yellow color.

  • Figure 2
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    Figure 2

    - Structures of 22 retrieved hits from ZINC and Cambridge database.

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    Figure 3

    - Pharmacophore mapping and binding interactions of selected compounds. The upper panel of A), b), c) and d) showed the binding interactions of compound 8,12,13, and 4, respectively. The lower panel of A), b), c) and d) showed the pharmacophore mapping of compound 8,12,13, and 4, respectively.

  • Figure 4
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    Figure 4

    - Dynamic analysis of simulated complexes. A) RMSD of BMS-488043, Cambridge14695864 and ZINC06893293 in complex with gp120 during the 100ns of simulation. B) RMSF of gp120 residues after binding of BMS-488043, Cambridge14695864 and ZINC06893293 during the 100ns of simulation. C) Dynamics cross‐correlation matrix of (a) gp120/BMS-488043, (b) gp120/Cambridge14695864, and (c) gp120/ZINC06893293.

Tables

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    Table 1

    - Results of molecular docking studies and physiochemical properties of the hit compounds from Chembridge and ZINC database.

    S. NoCompound IDDocking score (S)Binding energy (kcal/mol)Binding Affinity (kcal/mol)Physiochemical properties
    Mol. weightLog PDonorAcceptorLog S
    1ZINC72027118-7.43-13.81-5.66364.4054.7414-5.59
    2ZINC06893293-9.65-18.82-7.24400.4552.0315-3.82
    3ZINC78871949-9.56-18.36-7.05390.4873.4523-5.63
    4ZINC10271817-9.76-17.34-7.30469.4940.4347-4.14
    5ZINC28082519-8.26-16.07-6.56388.4482.6125-3.57
    6ZINC04543426-8.59-26.06-7.94404.4150.7525-3.35
    7ZINC72014953-9.05-22.35-6.72428.4395.1415-5.74
    8ZINC79193975-11.12-19.24-8.12487.5051.1559-2.82
    9ChemBridge14695864-9.21-27.59-7.83381.4112.2724-5.11
    10ChemBridge16586658-8.75-23.02-8.12407.5143.1924-4.62
    11ChemBridge16610636-9.30-23.41-7.73448.4855.1024-4.55
    12ChemBridge17115705-11.05-19.28-7.27474.5574.2725-6.39
    13ChemBridge18573235-10.08-23.57-8.05448.9473.7426-4.36
    14ChemBridge31483125-8.18-12.49-5.49340.4272.4325-1.98
    15ChemBridge32351948-7.86-15.72-5.58398.5072.2725-2.84
    16ChemBridge36158778-7.41-15.17-7.44312.3532.7125-3.42
    17ChemBridge39229227-8.35-21.83-6.28422.5333.1915-2.66
    18ChemBridge46500603-8.53-18.75-5.99351.4102.8316-2.85
    19ChemBridge58982400-7.47-18.30-6.42401.5512.6325-2.52
    20ChemBridge78620441-8.25-19.03-6.00386.4921.4646-2.41
    21ChemBridge80485459-8.07-17.54-5.40405.5023.6915-2.84
    22ChemBridge83081330-7.96-21.91-8.06383.4884.0514-3.69
    • View popup
    Table 2

    - Structure and Simplified Molecular-Input Line-Entry System (SMILE) ID of compounds that successfully passes the pan assay interference compounds filter.

    LigandPAINS FilterStructureSMILE ID
    ChemBridge14695864PassedEmbedded Imagec1(cccc(c1)NC1=C(C(CC(C1)(C)C)NC(=O)c1n[nH]c(=O)cc1)CN)F
    ChemBridge16586858PassedEmbedded Imagec1ccc(cc1)CCCC1NC2C(O1)CC=C(C2)C(=O)NCCN1CCCC(C1)O
    ChemBridge16610636PassedEmbedded ImageC1C(CC(=CC1)CNC(=O)CC1CCN(CC1)CC1C(C(=CCC1)[O-])O)C(P)(I)P
    ZINC06893293PassedEmbedded ImageO=C(CCS(=O)(=O)c1ccc2c(c1)NC(=O)CO2)N1CCc2ccccc2C1
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Saudi Medical Journal
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1 Dec 2022
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Identification of human immunodeficiency virus -1 E protein-targeting lead compounds by pharmacophore based screening
Mazen M. Almehmadi, Alaa A. Shafie, Mamdouh Allahyani, Tahir Muhammad, Soukayna Baammi, Abdulelah Aljuaid, Abdulraheem A. Almalki, Ahad Amer Alsaiari, Amal Adnan Ashour
Saudi Medical Journal Dec 2022, 43 (12) 1324-1332; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.12.20220599

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Identification of human immunodeficiency virus -1 E protein-targeting lead compounds by pharmacophore based screening
Mazen M. Almehmadi, Alaa A. Shafie, Mamdouh Allahyani, Tahir Muhammad, Soukayna Baammi, Abdulelah Aljuaid, Abdulraheem A. Almalki, Ahad Amer Alsaiari, Amal Adnan Ashour
Saudi Medical Journal Dec 2022, 43 (12) 1324-1332; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.12.20220599
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