Does SARS-CoV-2 affect cochlear functions in children?

Cigdem F. Koca; Turgut Celik; Agit Simsek; Sukru Aydin; Mehmet Kelles; Seyma Yasar; Omer Erdur

doi:10.15537/smj.2022.43.3.20210782

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Figure 1
- Contralateral supression amplitudes. dB: decibel, kHz: kilohertz

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Table 1

- Transient evoked otoacoustic emission results measured in silence.

Frequencies	Groups						P-value
	Hospitalized patients		Outpatients		Controls
	Mean±SD	Median (min-max)	Mean±SD	Median (min-max)	Mean±SD	Median (min-max)
1 kHz	6.6±2.99	7 (-3 - 14)	5.89±3.55	5 (-2 - 16)	6.5±4.22	6 (-3 - 14)	0.409*
1.5 kHz	8.23±3.95	8 (-3 - 20)	7.13±3.19	7.5 (1-15)	9.06±4.85	9 (-2 - 22)	0.087**
2 kHz	7.42±3.48	7 (-2 - 14)	7.72±3.8	7 (3-24)	6.88±4.65	8 (-4 - 15)	0.949*
3 kHz	6.71±4.04	7 (-2 - 18)	6.91±4.31	7 (-3 - 20)	7.24±3.81	6 (0-17)	0.897**
4 kHz	6.92±3.69	7 (-3 - 16)	6.3±3.93	6 (-2 - 14)	5.46±3.94	6 (-4 - 12)	0.398*

kHz: kilohertz, SD: standard deviation, Min: minimum, Max: maximum, *Kruskall-Wallis, **one-way ANOVA, a statistically significant difference (p<0.05)

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Table 2

- Transient evoked otoacoustic emission results obtained through masking.

Frequencies	Groups						P-value
	Hospitalized patients		Outpatients		Controls
	Mean±SD	Median (min-max)	Mean±SD	Median (min-max)	Mean±SD	Median (min-max)
1 kHz	4.67±2.61	4.5 (-5 - 10)	2.8±5.05	3 (-9 - 20)	2.42±4.55	3.5 (-9 - 10)	0.033*
1.5 kHz	5.38±3.46	5 (-1 - 16)	4.67±3.55	4 (-5 - 14)	5.28±4.38	4 (-4 - 18)	0.432*
2 kHz	5.46±2.82	5.5 (-3 - 11)	5.3±3.2	5 (-6 - 12)	4.08±4.38	4 (-5 - 12)	0.209*
3 kHz	4.94±3.13	5 (-4 - 13)	4.61±4.26	5 (-9 - 18)	4.32±3.29	4 (-6 - 12)	0.384*
4 kHz	4.85±3.16	5 (-5 - 11)	3.33±4.49	4 (-6 - 13)	2.4±4.16	4 (-5 - 10)	0.021*

kHz: kilohertz, SD: standard deviation, Min: minimum, Max: maximum, *Kruskall-Wallis, a statistically significant difference (p<0.05)

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Table 3

- Contralateral supression amplitudes.

Frequencies	Groups						P-value
	Hospitalized patients		Outpatients		Controls
	Mean±SD	Median (min-max)	Mean±SD	Median (min-max)	Mean±SD	Median (min-max)
1 kHz	1.94±1.12	2 (-1 - 5)	3.09±3.44	2 (-4 - 13)	4.08±4.1	2 (-2 - 15)	0.063*
1.5 kHz	2.85±1.79	2.5 (-2 - 8)	2.46±1.77	2.5 (-1 - 8)	3.78±2.96	3 (-1 - 13)	0.097*
2 kHz	1.96±2.39	1.5 (-6 - 8)	2.41±2.77	2 (-6 - 13)	2.8±3.42	1.5 (-2 - 12)	0.594*
3 kHz	1.77±2.8	2 (-7 - 11)	2.3±2.64	2 (-7 - 10)	2.92±2.9	2 (0-11)	0.351*
4 khz	2.06±2.88	2 (-5 - 9)	2.98±3.07	2.5 (-3 - 10)	3.06±3.52	2 (-10 - 12)	0.284*

kHz: kilohertz, SD: standard deviation, Min: minimum, Max: maximum, *Kruskall-Wallis, a statistically significant difference (p<0.05)

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Table 4

- Contralateral supression amplitudes.

Frequencies	Suppression	Groups			P-value
		Hospitalized patients	Outpatients	Controls
		n (%)
1 kHz	No	3 (6.2)	7 (15.2)	3 (6.0)	0.206*
1 kHz	Yes	45 (93.7)	39 (84.8)	47 (94.0)	0.206*
1.5 kHz	No	1 (2.1)	4 (8.7)	1 (2.0)	0.176*
1.5 kHz	Yes	47 (97.9)	42 (91.3)	49 (98.0)	0.176*
2 kHz	No	9 (18.7)	6 (13.0)	9 (18.0)	0.723*
2 kHz	Yes	39 (81.2)	40 (87.0)	41 (82.0)	0.723*
3 kHz	No	11 (22.9)	7 (15.2)	4 (8.0)	0.122*
3 kHz	Yes	37 (77.1)	39 (84.8)	46 (92.0)	0.122*
4 kHz	No	13 (27.1)	9 (19.6)	5 (10.0)	0.094*
4 kHz	Yes	35 (72.9)	37 (80.4)	45 (90.0)	0.094*

kHz: kilohertz, *Pearson Chi-square, a statistically significant difference (p<0.05)

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Table 5

- Distortion product otoacoustic emission results.

Frequencies	Groups						P-value
	Hospitalized patients		Outpatients		Controls
	Mean±SD	Median (min-max)	Mean±SD	Median (min-max)	Mean±SD	Median (min-max)
1 kHz	8.54±3.42	8.15 (1.4-23.6)	9.15±4.62	8.25 (1.4-31.1)	9.48±4.42	10 (-1 - 18.4)	0.080*
2 kHz	12.41±5.92	10.9 (1.3-27.5)	11.54±5.24	10.3 (1.1-26.4)	14.61±5.09	14.65 (7.7-30.4)	0.009*
4 kHz	14.68±7.09	12.9 (2.2-34.6)	14.04±6.2	12.75 (5.1-28)	16.13±6.5	15.4 (4.7-27.2)	0.293*
6 kHz	12.68±5.45	11.75 (3.1-25.1)	11.45±5.45	10.6 (1.3-24.1)	10.98±4	10 (5.7-20.2)	0.298*