Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Latest
    • Archive
    • home
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Reviewers
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
    • Join SMJ
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Office
    • Editorial Board
  • More
    • Advertising
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Folders
    • Help
  • Other Publications
    • NeuroSciences Journal

User menu

  • My alerts
  • Log in

Search

  • Advanced search
Saudi Medical Journal
  • Other Publications
    • NeuroSciences Journal
  • My alerts
  • Log in
Saudi Medical Journal

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Latest
    • Archive
    • home
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Reviewers
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
    • Join SMJ
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Office
    • Editorial Board
  • More
    • Advertising
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Folders
    • Help
  • Follow psmmc on Twitter
  • Visit psmmc on Facebook
  • RSS
Research ArticleOriginal Article
Open Access

Self-awareness of HbA1c and its association with glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes

A multicenter study

Joud S. Almutairi, Turky H. Almigbal, Hiba Y. Alruhaim, Muhammad H. Mujammami, Turki A. AlMogbel, Abdullah M. Alshahrani, Abdullah M. Al Zahrani, Mohammed A. Batais and Shaffi A. Shaik
Saudi Medical Journal March 2022, 43 (3) 291-300; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2022.43.3.20210536
Joud S. Almutairi
From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Almutairi, Almigbal, Alruhaim, Batais, Ahamed); from the Department of Medicine (Mujammami), Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from the College of Medicine (Almigbal), Alfarabi College, Riyadh, from the Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, from the Department of Family Medicine (Alshahrani), College of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, and from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
MBBS, SBFM
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Turky H. Almigbal
From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Almutairi, Almigbal, Alruhaim, Batais, Ahamed); from the Department of Medicine (Mujammami), Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from the College of Medicine (Almigbal), Alfarabi College, Riyadh, from the Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, from the Department of Family Medicine (Alshahrani), College of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, and from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
SBFM, CFPDMCDM
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Hiba Y. Alruhaim
From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Almutairi, Almigbal, Alruhaim, Batais, Ahamed); from the Department of Medicine (Mujammami), Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from the College of Medicine (Almigbal), Alfarabi College, Riyadh, from the Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, from the Department of Family Medicine (Alshahrani), College of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, and from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
MBBS
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Muhammad H. Mujammami
From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Almutairi, Almigbal, Alruhaim, Batais, Ahamed); from the Department of Medicine (Mujammami), Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from the College of Medicine (Almigbal), Alfarabi College, Riyadh, from the Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, from the Department of Family Medicine (Alshahrani), College of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, and from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
SBIM, SBEM
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Turki A. AlMogbel
From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Almutairi, Almigbal, Alruhaim, Batais, Ahamed); from the Department of Medicine (Mujammami), Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from the College of Medicine (Almigbal), Alfarabi College, Riyadh, from the Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, from the Department of Family Medicine (Alshahrani), College of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, and from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
MBBS, SBFM
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Abdullah M. Alshahrani
From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Almutairi, Almigbal, Alruhaim, Batais, Ahamed); from the Department of Medicine (Mujammami), Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from the College of Medicine (Almigbal), Alfarabi College, Riyadh, from the Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, from the Department of Family Medicine (Alshahrani), College of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, and from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
MBBS, SBFM
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Abdullah M. Al Zahrani
From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Almutairi, Almigbal, Alruhaim, Batais, Ahamed); from the Department of Medicine (Mujammami), Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from the College of Medicine (Almigbal), Alfarabi College, Riyadh, from the Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, from the Department of Family Medicine (Alshahrani), College of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, and from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
MBBS, SBFM
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Mohammed A. Batais
From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Almutairi, Almigbal, Alruhaim, Batais, Ahamed); from the Department of Medicine (Mujammami), Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from the College of Medicine (Almigbal), Alfarabi College, Riyadh, from the Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, from the Department of Family Medicine (Alshahrani), College of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, and from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
SBFM, CFPDMCDM
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Shaffi A. Shaik
From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Almutairi, Almigbal, Alruhaim, Batais, Ahamed); from the Department of Medicine (Mujammami), Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from the College of Medicine (Almigbal), Alfarabi College, Riyadh, from the Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, from the Department of Family Medicine (Alshahrani), College of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, and from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
PhD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • eLetters
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF
Loading

References

  1. 1.↵
    1. Baynest HW.
    Classification, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab 2015; 6: 541.
    OpenUrl
  2. 2.↵
    1. Saeedi P,
    2. Petersohn I,
    3. Salpea P,
    4. Malanda B,
    5. Karuranga S,
    6. Unwin N, et al.
    Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 157: 107843.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  3. 3.↵
    1. Al-Nozha MM,
    2. Al-Maatouq MA,
    3. Al-Mazrou YY,
    4. Al-Harthi SS,
    5. Arafah MR,
    6. Khalil MZ, et al.
    Diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2004; 25: 1603–1610.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  4. 4.↵
    Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK prospective diabetes study (UKPDS) group. Lancet 1998; 352: 837–853.
    OpenUrl
  5. 5.↵
    1. Glasgow RE,
    2. Ruggiero L,
    3. Eakin EG,
    4. Dryfoos J,
    5. Chobanian L.
    Quality of life and associated characteristics in a large national sample of adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care 1997; 20: 562–567.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  6. 6.↵
    1. Stumvoll M,
    2. Goldstein BJ,
    3. van Haeften TW.
    Type 2 diabetes: principles of pathogenesis and therapy. Lancet 2005; 365: 1333–1346.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  7. 7.↵
    Consensus Committee. Consensus statement on the worldwide standardization of the hemoglobin A1C measurement: the American Diabetes Association, European Association for the Study of Diabetes, International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, and the International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes Care 2007; 30: 2399–2400.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  8. 8.↵
    World Health Organization. Use of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: abbreviated report of a WHO consultation. [Updated 2011; 2019]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26158184/
  9. 9.↵
    1. Bonora E,
    2. Tuomilehto J.
    The pros and cons of diagnosing diabetes with A1C. Diabetes Care 2011; 34: S184–S190.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  10. 10.↵
    1. Kibirige D,
    2. Akabwai GP,
    3. Kampiire L,
    4. Kiggundu DS,
    5. Lumu W.
    Frequency and predictors of suboptimal glycemic control in an African diabetic population. Int J Gen Med 2017; 10: 33–38.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  11. 11.↵
    1. Alzaheb RA,
    2. Altemani AH.
    The prevalence and determinants of poor glycemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2018; 11: 15–21.
    OpenUrl
  12. 12.↵
    1. Najafipour H,
    2. Sanjari M,
    3. Shokoohi M,
    4. Haghdoost AA,
    5. Afshari M,
    6. Shadkam M, et al.
    Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus, pre-diabetes, undiagnosed, and uncontrolled diabetes and its predictors in general population aged 15-75 years: a community-based study (KERCADRS) in southeastern Iran. J Diabetes 2015; 7: 613–621.
    OpenUrl
  13. 13.
    1. Siddiqui FJ,
    2. Avan BI,
    3. Mahmud S,
    4. Nanan DJ,
    5. Jabbar A,
    6. Assam PN.
    Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus: prevalence and risk factors among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in an Urban District of Karachi, Pakistan. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2015; 107: 148–156.
    OpenUrl
  14. 14.
    1. Bi Y,
    2. Zhu D,
    3. Cheng J,
    4. Zhu Y,
    5. Xu N,
    6. Cui S, et al.
    The status of glycemic control: a cross-sectional study of outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus across primary, secondary, and tertiary hospitals in the Jiangsu province of China. Clin Ther 2010; 32: 973–983.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  15. 15.↵
    1. Ahmad NS,
    2. Islahudin F,
    3. Paraidathathu T.
    Factors associated with good glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Investig 2014; 5: 563–569.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  16. 16.↵
    1. Elfil M,
    2. Negida A.
    Sampling methods in clinical research; an educational review. Emerg (Tehran) 2017; 5: e52.
    OpenUrl
  17. 17.↵
    1. Trivedi H,
    2. Gray LJ,
    3. Seidu S,
    4. Davies MJ,
    5. Charpentier G,
    6. Lindblad U, et al.
    Self-knowledge of HbA1c in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with glycaemic control. Prim Care Diabetes 2017; 11: 414–420.
    OpenUrl
  18. 18.↵
    1. Beard E,
    2. Clark M,
    3. Hurel S,
    4. Cooke D.
    Do people with diabetes understand their clinical marker of long-term glycemic control (HbA1c levels) and does this predict diabetes self-care behaviours and HbA1c? Patient Educ Couns 2010; 80: 227–232.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  19. 19.↵
    1. Samsudin IN,
    2. Thambiah SC,
    3. Ayub WMAWM,
    4. Cheng NW,
    5. Hussein Z,
    6. Noor NM, et al.
    Awareness of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Hospital Putrajaya. Malaysian J Med Health Sci 2015; 11: 1–8.
    OpenUrl
  20. 20.
    1. Matheka DM,
    2. Kilonzo JM,
    3. Munguti CM,
    4. Mwangi PW. Pattern
    , knowledge and practices of HbA1C testing among diabetic patients in a Kenyan tertiary referral hospital. Global Health 2013; 9: 55.
    OpenUrl
  21. 21.↵
    World Health Organization. Management of substance abuse: process of translation and adaptation of instruments. [Updated 2017; 2019]. Available from: http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/research_tools/translation/en/
  22. 22.↵
    1. Heisler M,
    2. Piette JD,
    3. Spencer M,
    4. Kieffer E,
    5. Vijan S.
    The relationship between knowledge of recent HbA1c values and diabetes care understanding and self-management. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 816–822.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  23. 23.↵
    1. Kumpatla S,
    2. Medempudi S,
    3. Manoharan D,
    4. Viswanathan V.
    Knowledge and outcome measure of HbA1c testing in Asian Indian patients with type 2 diabetes from a tertiary care center. Indian J Community Med 2010; 35: 290–293.
    OpenUrlPubMed
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

Saudi Medical Journal: 43 (3)
Saudi Medical Journal
Vol. 43, Issue 3
1 Mar 2022
  • Table of Contents
  • Cover (PDF)
  • Index by author
Print
Download PDF
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Saudi Medical Journal.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Self-awareness of HbA1c and its association with glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes
(Your Name) has sent you a message from Saudi Medical Journal
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the Saudi Medical Journal web site.
Citation Tools
Self-awareness of HbA1c and its association with glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes
Joud S. Almutairi, Turky H. Almigbal, Hiba Y. Alruhaim, Muhammad H. Mujammami, Turki A. AlMogbel, Abdullah M. Alshahrani, Abdullah M. Al Zahrani, Mohammed A. Batais, Shaffi A. Shaik
Saudi Medical Journal Mar 2022, 43 (3) 291-300; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.3.20210536

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
Self-awareness of HbA1c and its association with glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes
Joud S. Almutairi, Turky H. Almigbal, Hiba Y. Alruhaim, Muhammad H. Mujammami, Turki A. AlMogbel, Abdullah M. Alshahrani, Abdullah M. Al Zahrani, Mohammed A. Batais, Shaffi A. Shaik
Saudi Medical Journal Mar 2022, 43 (3) 291-300; DOI: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.3.20210536
Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One
Bookmark this article

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Acknowledgment
    • Footnotes
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • eLetters
  • References
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • PubMed
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • No citing articles found.
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • The factors affecting comfort and the comfort levels of patients hospitalized in the coronary intensive care unit
  • Exploring communication challenges with children and parents among pharmacists in Saudi Arabia
  • Exploring hypothyroidism’s effects on lipid profiles
Show more Original Article

Similar Articles

Keywords

  • diabetes mellitus
  • insulin
  • hypoglycemia
  • hypoglycemia symptoms
  • hypoglycemia knowledge

CONTENT

  • home

JOURNAL

  • home

AUTHORS

  • home
Saudi Medical Journal

© 2025 Saudi Medical Journal Saudi Medical Journal is copyright under the Berne Convention and the International Copyright Convention.  Saudi Medical Journal is an Open Access journal and articles published are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (CC BY-NC). Readers may copy, distribute, and display the work for non-commercial purposes with the proper citation of the original work. Electronic ISSN 1658-3175. Print ISSN 0379-5284.

Powered by HighWire