The effect of fetal gender on the biochemical markers of the first-trimester screening

Hakan Cokmez; Simge Tezel Yozgat

doi:10.15537/smj.2022.43.4.20210906

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Table 1
- Comparisons of serum PAPP-A and free β-hCG levels and birth weight according to the neonatal gender.
Data* Female Male P-value
PAPP-A (MoM) 1.07±0.63 1.07±0.62 0.833^†
Free β-hCG (MoM) 1.35±2.07 1.12±1.08 0.075^†
Birth weight, grams 3244.8±417.4 3372.5±386.7 0.010^‡
*Mean ± standard deviation. ^†Mann–Whitney U test. ^‡T-Test. PAPP-A: pregnancy-related plasma protein A, β-hCG: free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, MoM: multiple of median
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Table 2
- Distribution of ischemic placental diseases
Ischemic placental disease Number of cases* (n)
SGA newborn 8
Pregnancy related hypertension 35
Non-traumatic placental ablation 4
SGA: Small for gestational age. *Also includes cases with more than one ischemic placental disease.
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Table 3
- Comparisons of serum levels of PAPP-A and free β-hCG in pregnant women with ischemic placental disease according to neonatal gender.
Data* Female Male P-value^¥
PAPP-A (MoM) 1.16±0.83 1.09±0.87 0.803
Free β-hCG (MoM) 1.53±1.02 0.77±0.53 0.004
*Mean±standard deviation. ^¥Mann-Whitney U test. PAPP-A: pregnancy-related plasma protein A, β-hCG: free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, MoM: multiple of median
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Table 4
- Comparison of patients with or without placental ischemic disease according to the neonatal genders.
Data* Male Female P-value^†
Cases without IPD 115 (50.9) 111 (49.1) 0.744
Cases with IPD 22 (53.7) 19 (46.3)
*n(%). ^†Pearson Chi-square, IPD: Ischemic placental disease