The effect of fetal gender on the biochemical markers of the first-trimester screening

References

1. 1.↵
   1. Smith GCS.

   First trimester origins of fetal growth impairment. Semin Perinatol 2004; 28: 41–50.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
2. 2.↵
   1. Ong CY,
   2. Liao AW,
   3. Spencer K,
   4. Munim S,
   5. Nicolaides KH.

   First trimester maternal serum free beta human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy associated plasma protein A as predictors of pregnancy complications. BJOG 2000; 107: 1265–1270.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
3. 3.↵
   1. Cole LA.

   Biological functions of hCG and hCG-related molecules. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2010; 8: 102.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
4. 4.↵
   1. Sweeting AN,
   2. Wong J,
   3. Appelblom H,
   4. Ross GP,
   5. Kouru H,
   6. Williams PF, et al.

   A first trimester prediction model for gestational diabetes utilizing aneuploidy and pre-eclampsia screening markers. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 31: 2122–2130.

   OpenUrlPubMed
5. 5.
   1. Gomes MS,
   2. Carlos-Alves M,
   3. Trocado V,
   4. Arteiro D,
   5. Pinheiro P.

   Prediction of adverse pregnancy outcomes by extreme values of first trimester screening markers. Obstet Med 2017; 10: 132–137.

   OpenUrl
6. 6.↵
   1. Dugoff L,
   2. Hobbins JC,
   3. Malone FD,
   4. Porter TF,
   5. Luthy D,
   6. Comstock CH, et al.

   First-trimester maternal serum PAPP-A and free-beta subunit human chorionic gonadotropin concentrations and nuchal translucency are associated with obstetric complications: a population-based screening study (the FASTER Trial). Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 191: 1446–1451.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
7. 7.↵
   1. Krantz D,
   2. Goetzl L,
   3. Simpson JL,
   4. Thom E,
   5. Zachary J,
   6. Hallahan TW, et al.

   First Trimester Maternal Serum Biochemistry and Fetal Nuchal Translucency Screening (BUN) Study Group. Association of extreme first-trimester free human chorionic gonadotropin-beta, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, and nuchal translucency with intrauterine growth restriction and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 191: 1452–1458.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
8. 8.↵
   1. Ezashi T,
   2. Schust DJ,
   3. Schulz LC.

   Modeling the placenta with stem cells. N Engl J Med 2019; 381: 1681–1683.

   OpenUrl
9. 9.
   1. Amita M,
   2. Adachi K,
   3. Alexenko AP,
   4. Sinha S,
   5. Schust DJ,
   6. Schulz LC, et al.

   Complete and unidirectional conversion of human embryonic stem cells to trophoblast by BMP4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110: E1212–E1221.

   OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
10. 10.↵
    1. Ananth CV,
    2. Vintzileos AM.

    Ischemic placental disease: epidemiology and risk factors. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2011; 159: 77–82.

    OpenUrlPubMed
11. 11.↵
    1. Vatten LJ,
    2. Skjaerven R.

    Offspring sex and pregnancy outcome by length of gestation. Early Hum Dev 2004; 76: 47–54.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
12. 12.
    1. Di Renzo GC,
    2. Rosati A,
    3. Sarti RD,
    4. Cruciani L,
    5. Cutuli AM.

    Does fetal sex affect pregnancy outcome? Gend Med 2007; 4: 19–30.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
13. 13.↵
    1. Engel PJ,
    2. Smith R,
    3. Brinsmead MW,
    4. Bowe SJ,
    5. Clifton VL.

    Male sex and pre-existing diabetes are independent risk factors for stillbirth. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2008; 48: 375–383.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
14. 14.↵
    1. Torricelli M,
    2. Voltolini C,
    3. Vellucci FL,
    4. Conti N,
    5. Bocchi C,
    6. Severi FM, et al.

    Fetal gender effects on induction of labor in postdate pregnancies. Reprod Sci 2013; 20: 670–674.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
15. 15.↵
    1. Ardawi MSM,
    2. Nasrat HA,
    3. Rouzi AA,
    4. Qari MH,
    5. Al‐Qahtani MH,
    6. Abuzenadah AM.

    Maternal serum free-β-chorionic gonadotropin, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and fetal nuchal translucency thickness at 10-13(+6) weeks in relation to co-variables in pregnant Saudi women. Prenat Diagn 2007; 27: 303–311.

    OpenUrlPubMed
16. 16.↵
    1. Khalil MM,
    2. Alzahra E.

    Fetal gender and pregnancy outcomes in Libya: a retrospective study. Libyan J Med 2013; 8: 20008.

    OpenUrl
17. 17.↵
    1. Spencer K,
    2. Ong CY,
    3. Liao AW,
    4. Papademetriou D,
    5. Nicolaides KH.

    The influence of fetal sex in screening for trisomy 21 by fetal nuchal translucency, maternal serum free β-hCG and PAPP-A at 10-14 weeks of gestation. Prenat Diagn 2000; 20: 673–675.

    OpenUrlPubMed
18. 18.↵
    1. Cowans NJ,
    2. Stamatopoulou A,
    3. Maiz N,
    4. Spencer K,
    5. Nicolaides KH.

    The impact of fetal gender on first trimester nuchal translucency and maternal serum free β-hCG and PAPP-A MoM in normal and trisomy 21 pregnancies. Prenat Diagn 2009; 29: 578–581.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
19. 19.
    1. Ajayi GO.

    Is there any effect of fetal gender on the markers of first trimester Down’s syndrome screening? Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2011; 38: 162–164.

    OpenUrlPubMed
20. 20.↵
    1. Yaron Y,
    2. Wolman I,
    3. Kupferminc MJ,
    4. Ochshorn Y,
    5. Many A,
    6. Orr-Urtreger A.

    Effect of fetal gender on first trimester markers and on Down syndrome screening. Prenat Diagn 2001; 21: 1027–1030.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
21. 21.↵
    1. Radulescu L,
    2. Ferechide D,
    3. Popa F.

    The importance of fetal gender in intrauterine growth restriction. J Med Life 2013; 6: 38–39.

    OpenUrlPubMed