Effect of a low dose of empagliflozin on short-term outcomes in type 2 diabetics with acute coronary syndrome after percutaneous coronary intervention

Seyed Mohammad H. Adel; Fateme Jorfi; Hoda Mombeini; Homeira Rashidi; Saad Fazeli

doi:10.15537/smj.2022.43.5.20220018

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Figure 1
- Study flowchart.

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Table 1

- Basic characteristics of patients in both groups.

Variable	Empagliflozin (n=45)	Placebo (n=48)	P-value
Age (years)	55 (45.5–64)	57 (50–66.75)	0.370
Gender
Male	27 (60.0)	29 (60.4)	0.967
Female	18 (40.0)	19 (39.6)	0.967
Duration of diabetes (years)	6 (4-8)	6 (9-2)	0.753
Smoking	9 (20.0)	8 (16.7)	0.679
Underlying disease
CKD	4 (8.9)	3 (6.3)	0.632
Hypertension	26 (57.8)	32 (66.7)	0.379
CVA	1 (2.2)	2 (4.2)	0.598
ACS
STEMI	27 (60.0)	23 (50.0)	0.335
Non-STEMI	2 (4.4)	4 (8.3)	0.448
unstable angina	16 (35.6)	21 (43.8)	0.422
Number of vessels involved
1	15 (33.3)	19 (36.6)	0.543
2	15 (33.3)	15 (31.3)
3	15 (33.5)	14 (29.2)

The numbers are presented as interquartile range (IQR) or frequency (percentage). Significance level: p<0.05. CKD: chronic kidney disease, CVA: cerebrovascular accident, ACS: acute coronary syndrome, STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction

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Table 2

- Comparison of different parameters in patients in both groups before and 6 months after treatment.

Variable	Empagliflozin (n=45)	Placebo (n=48)	P-value^*
Weight (kg) – before	75 (67.5-84.5)	69.5 (65-83.75)	0.109
Weight (kg) – after	70 (66.0-79.5)	70 (65-80.5)	0.594
Weight change (kg)	2 (0-3)	0 (−1.0-1.0)	0.001
LVEF (%) – before	45 (30-50)	45 (36.25-50)	0.147
LVEF – After	50 (36.25-55)	50 (45-55)	0.318
Change of LVEF	5 (0-10)	5 (0-6.25)	0.174
SBP (mmHg) – before	130 (116.25-150)	130 (116.25-140)	0.422
SBP – After	120 (110-130)	130 (113.75-140)	0.130
DBP (mmHg) – before	80 (72.5-87.5)	75 (70-88.8)	0.564
DBP – After	75 (70-80)	75 (70-81.25)	0.311
eGFR (mL/min) – before	72 (61-83)	76 (61.25-81)	0.923
eGFR – after	70 (61-82.5)	73 (59.75-81)	0.831
HbA1c (%) – before	7.8 (7.2-8.45)	7.8 (7.1-8.05)	0.291
HbA1c – after	7.1 (6.82-8.05)	7.6 (6.75-7.9)	0.485
FBS (mg/dL) – before	178.5 (178.5-195.75)	178 (15.6–209.25)	0.799
FBS – after	148 (136-176)	173 (142–191.25)	0.048
LDL-C (mg/dL) – before	100 (78-122)	92 (73-118)	0.272
LDL-C – after	93.5 (74.25-113.5)	82.5 (68.75-109.75)	0.203

The numbers are presented as interquartile range. *Significance level: p<0.05. LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate, HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin, FBS: fasting blood sugar test, LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

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Table 3
- Comparison of cardiovascular outcome of patients in both groups before and 6 months after treatment.
Variable Empagliflozin (n=45) Placebo (n=48) P-value
Cardiovascular death 1 (2.2) 2 (4.2) 0.598
Hospitalized due to unstable angina 2 (4.5) 4 (8.7) 0.433
Coronary revascularization 1 (2.2) 0 0.312
The numbers are presented as frequency (percentage).
Significance level: p<0.05.