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Characteristics Total Mother age <40 years Mother age ≥40 years Fisher’s exact test OR (95% CI) Nationality Saudi 2302 (53.9) 1265 (58.7) 1037 (48.1) <0.0001 0.625 (0.554-0.705) Non-Saudi 1972 (46.1) 853 (40.3) 1119 (51.9) <0.0001 1.600 (1.418-1.806) Mother’s weight 40-59 kg 254 (10.6) 218 (19.2) 36 (2.9) <0.0001 0.124 (0.086-0.179) 60-79 kg 944 (39.4) 461 (40.5) 483 (38.4) 0.295 0.914 (0.776-1.077) 80-99 kg 1061 (44.3) 376 (33.1) 685 (54.5) <0.0001 2.420 (2.049-2.857) >100 kg 136 (5.7) 82 (7.2) 54 (4.3) 0.003 0.577 (0.405-0.822) Age groups <40 years 2156 (49.9) 2156 (100) - <0.0001 - ≥40 years 2162 (50.1) - 2162 (100) - - 40-42 years 1020 (23.8) - 1076 (49.8) - - 43-45 years 718 (16.7) - 718 (33.2) - - >45 years 368 (8.6) - 368 (17.0) - - The values presented as number and percentages (%). Fisher’s extract test utilized to see whether there was a significant difference between groups. OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval
Pregnancy related characteristics Total Mother age <40 years Mother age ≥40 years Fisher’s exact test OR (95% CI) Gravidity 1 49 (1.1) 5 (0.2) 44 (2.0) <0.0001 8.937 (3.537-22.582) 2-4 466 (10.8) 315 (14.6) 151 (7.0) <0.0001 0.439 (0.358-0.538) ≥5 3803 (88.1) 1836 (85.2) 1967 (91.0) <0.0001 1.758 (1.455-2.124) Parity 0 51 (1.2) 5 (0.2) 46 (2.1) <0.0001 9.352 (3.709-23.582) 1 97 (2.2) 38 (1.8) 59 (2.7) 0.020 1.564 (1.036-2.361) 2-4 1108 (25.7) 769 (35.7) 339 (15.7) <0.0001 0.335 (0.290-0.388) ≥5 3062 (70.9) 1344 (62.3) 1718 (79.5) <0.0001 2.338 (2.041-2.678) Number of previous vaginal deliveries 0 640 (14.8) 388 (18.0) 252 (11.7) <0.0001 0.601 (0.507-0.713) 1 94 (2.2) 49 (2.3) 45 (2.1) 0.678 0.914 (0.607-1.376) 2-4 876 (20.3) 578 (26.8) 298 (13.8) <0.0001 0.436 (0.374-0.510) ≥5 2708 (62.7) 1141 (52.9) 1567 (72.5) <0.00001 2.343 (2.064-2.659) Number of previous caesarian section 0 3436 (79.6) 1816 (84.2) 1620 (74.9) <0.0001 0.560 (0.481-0.651) 1 495 (11.5) 152 (7.1) 343 (15.9) <0.0001 2.486 (2.033-3.040) 2-4 349 (8.1) 163 (7.6) 186 (8.6) 0.219 1.151 (0.927-1.433) ≥5 38 (0.9) 25 (1.2) 13 (0.6) 0.052 0.516 (0.263-1.011) Type of previous labors N/A 551 (12.8) 166 (7.7) 385 (17.8) <0.0001 2.598 (2.142-3.150) Spontaneous vaginal delivery 3509 (81.3) 1861 (86.3) 1648 (76.2) <0.0001 0.508 (0.434-0.595) Induction delivery 258 (6.0) 129 (6.0) 129 (6.0) 1.000 0.997 (0.775-1.282) The values presented as number and percentages (%). Fisher’s extract test utilized to see whether there was a significant difference between groups. N/A: not available, OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval
Variables Total Mother age <40 years Mother age ≥40 years Fisher’s exact test OR (95% CI) n (%) Comorbidity None 3460 (80.1) 1995 (92.5) 1465 (67.8) <0.0001 0.170 (0.141-0.204) Diabetes mellitus 553 (12.8) 159 (7.4) 394 (18.2) <0.0001 2.799 (2.303-3.401) Hypertension 33 (6.9) 14 (0.5) 285 (13.2) <0.0001 23.325 (13.59-40.028) Antepartum hemorrhage 49 (1.1) - 49 (2.3) - - Membrane None 3996 (92.5) 2039 (94.6) 1957 (90.5) <0.0001 0.548 (0.433-0.693) PROM 156 (3.6) 39 (1.8) 117 (5.4) <0.0001 3.106 (2.151-4.485) SROM 127 (2.9) 39 (1.8) 88 (4.1) <0.0001 2.030 (1.572-3.374) ARM 39 (0.9) 39 (1.8) - - - Amniotic fluid Clear 3917 (90.7) 2029 (94.1) 1888 (87.3) <0.0001 0.431 (0.346-0.537) Meconium 401 (9.3) 127 (5.9) 274 (12.7) <0.0001 2.319 (1.862-2.888) Delivery outcomes Spontaneous vaginal delivery 3399 (78.7) 1789 (83.0) 1610 (74.5) <0.0001 0.598 (0.516-0.694) Instrument 32 (0.7) 31 (1.4) 1 (0.01) <0.0001 0.032 (0.004-0.233) Caesarian section 887 (20.5) 336 (15.6) 551 (25.5) <0.0001 1.853 (1.592-2.155) Total duration of labor N/A 626 (14.5) 237 (11.0) 389 (18.0) <0.0001 1.777 (1.493-2.114) <6 hours 2252 (52.2) 975 (45.2) 1277 (59.1) <0.0001 1.748 (1.549-1.972) 6-12 hours 1405 (32.5) 938 (43.5) 467 (21.6) <0.0001 0.358 (0.313-0.409) 13-20 hours 35 (0.8) 6 (0.3) 29 (1.3) <0.0001 4.872 (2.019-11.758) Post-partum complications None 4236 (98.1) 2137 (99.1) 2099 (97.1) 0.599 0.296 (0.177-0.497) Post-partum hemorrhage 67 (1.6) 4 (0.2) 63 (2.9) <0.0001 16.148 (5.867-44.442) Retained placenta 21 (0.5) 15 (0.7) 6 (0.3) 0.050 0.397 (0.154-1.026) The values presented as number and percentages (%). Fisher’s extract test utilized to see whether there was a significant difference between groups. PROM: premature rupture of amniotic membrane, SRAM: spontaneous rupture of membranes, ARM: artificial rupture of the membrane, OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, N/A: not available
Variables Total Mother age <40 years Mother age ≥40 years Fisher’s exact test OR (95% CI) n (%) Birth weight <2500 g 792 (18.3) 308 (14.3) 484 (22.4) <0.0001 1.731 (1.479-2.026) 2500-3599 g 2271 (52.6) 1314 (60.9) 957 (44.3) <0.0001 0.509 (0.451-0.574) 3600-4500 g 1202 (27.8) 534 (24.8) 668 (30.9) <0.0001 1.358 (1.188-1.552) >4500 g 53 (1.2) - 53 (2.5) - - NICU admission Yes 256 (5.9) 72 (3.3) 184 (8.5) <0.0001 2.693 (2.036-3.560) No 4062 (94.1) 2084 (96.7) 1978 (91.5) 0.096 0.371 (0.281-0.491) Apgar score Normal 4161 96.4) 2087 (96.8) 2074 (95.9) 0.840 0.779 (0.565-1.074) Abnormal 110 (2.5) 25 (1.2) 85 (3.9) <0.0001 3.488 (2.224-5.471) Abnormality None 4004 (92.7) 2015 (93.5) 1989 (92.0) 0.681 0.805 (0.639-1.013) Down syndrome 15 (0.3) - 15 (0.7) - - Others 299 (6.9) 141 (6.5) 158 (7.3) 0.326 1.127 (0.890-1.426) Viability Live birth 4271 (98.9) 2112 (98.0) 2159 (99.9) 0.472 14.993 (4.648-48.359) Still birth 47 (1.1) 44 (2.0) 3 (0.1) <0.0001 0.067 (0.021-0.215) The values presented as number and percentages (%). Fisher’s extract test utilized to see whether there was a significant difference between groups. OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, NICU: neonatal intensive care unit
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