Complete blood cells count abnormalities in COVID-19 patients and their prognostic significance: Single center study in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Article Figures & Data

Table 1

- Complete blood count and inflammatory parameters on admission.

Parameters	Mean±SD	Median (min-max)
TLC	7.60±4.70	6.53 (2.27-33.63)
Absolute neutrophiles	5.52±5.21	4.14 (0.23-53.45)
Absolute lymphocytes	1.63±0.82	1.45 (0.09-6.43)
Absolute monocytes	0.52±0.23	0.52 (0.04-1.86)
Absolute eosinophile	0.06±0.11	0.02 (0.01-2.32)
Absolute basophile	0.02±0.02	0.02 (0.01-0.19)
Hb	12.91±2.1	13.11 (5.89-18.64)
RBCs	4.92±1.9	4.93 (1.78-41.33)
platelets	241.93±99.82	226.23 (25.21-763.11)
N/L ratio	4.75±7.14	2.90 (0.11 -75.52)
ESR	5.57±5.23	4.13 (0.24-53.44)
CRP	1.61±0.82	1.47 (0.09-6.41)
Ferritin	0.53±0.22	0.56 (0.04-1.86)
TLC: total leukocyte count, Hb: hemoglobin, RBCs: red blood cells, N/L: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP: C-reactive protein, SD: standard deviation, min: minimum, max: maximum

Table 2

- Comparison of the complete blood count and other studied parameters according to the severity of the disease and patients outcome.

Parameters	Severity of the disease			Outcome
Parameters	Mild to moderate (n=430)	Sever (n=32)	P-value	Recovered (n=439)	Dead (n=23)	P-value
Age	50.33±18.2	61.03±19.52	0.002	50.33±18.22	61.05±19.53	0.002
TLC	6.921±3.3	16.32±9.73	<0.001	7.12±3.53	18.93±9.23	<0.001
Absolute neutrophiles	4.8±4.0	14.37±9.71	<0.001	4.93±4.23	17.13±9.13	<0.001
Absolute lymphocytes	1.62±0.8	1.22±0.84	0.006	1.64±0.81	1.13±0.53	0.002
N/L ratio	3.72±3.5	18.11±19.23	<0.001	3.81±4.23	21.93±19.64	<0.001
Absolute monocytes	0.63±0.3	0.63±0.42	0.764	0.52±0.24	0.64±0.33	0.525
Absolute eosinophile	0.0611±0.09	0.19±0.43	0.04	0.06±0.13	0.13±0.42	0.018
Absolute basophile	0.02±0.02	0.03±0.03	0.003	0.02±0.02	0.04±0.041	<0.001
Hb	13.1±2.0	10.24±2.72	<0.001	13.12±2.00	9.32±2.61	<0.001
RBCs	5.01±1.9	3.72±0.91	<0.001	5.04±1.91	3.41±0.9	<0.001
platelets	245.24±95.4	198.11±141.15	0.01	246.01±97.84	160.74±106.42	0.01
ESR	37.61±26.9	56.66±28.40	0.008	38.33±27.43	41.62±20.01	0.723
CRP	4.13±5.6	11.14±8.82	<0.001	4.20±5.82	11.77±9.52	<0.001
Ferritin	655.12±1866.14	2633.80±4723.63	<0.001	671.31±185.1	3152.15±553.43	<0.001
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). TLC: total leukocyte count, Hb: hemoglobin, RBCs: red blood cells, N/L: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP: C-reactive protein

Table 3

- The association of the clinical severity with the different age groups.

Parameters	<60 years (n=323)	>60 years (n=139)	P-value
Organ failure^*	1 (0.3)	12 (8.2)	<0.001
Admission to ICU	13 (4.0)	18 (12.9)	0.004
Death	5 (1.5)	17 (12.2)	<0.001
Data are presented as a number and precentage (%). ICU: intensive care unit, *Organ failure include both respiratory failure (11 cases) and renal failure (2 cases).

Table 4

- Comparison of the hematological parameters according to the age groups.

Parameters	<60 years (n=323)	>60 years (n=139)	P-value
TLC	6.95±3.84^b	9.17±6.01^a	<0.001
Absolute neutrophiles	4.89±4.41^b	6.93±6.00^a	<0.001
Absolute lymphocytes	1.65±1.15^a	1.49±0.78^a	0.001
N/L ratio	3.75±4.36^b	6.92±10.57^a	<0.001
Absolute monocytes	0.55±0.30^b	0.64±0.30^a	0.001
Absolute eosinophile	0.06±0.08	0.07±0.21	0.49
Absolute basophile	0.02±0.02	0.02±0.02	0.14
Hb	13.21±1.61^b	12.21±2.32^a	<0.001
RBCs	5.11±0.41^b	4.62±1.16^a	0.046
Platelets	238.79±75.60	244.16±114.29	0.68
ESR	35.04±22.96^b	46.2±27.42^a	0.002
CRP	4.03±4.98^b	5.8±6.93^a	0.013
Ferritin	777.82±137.26	810.52±180.07	0.698
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Groups having the same letters (a or b) showed no significant variation. TLC: total leukocyte count, Hb: hemoglobin, RBCs: red blood cells, N/L: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP: C-reactive protein

Table 5

- Logistic regression analyses to identify the predictors of severity, organ failure, intensive care unit admission, and death.

Type of variables	B	S.E.	Wald	df	Sig.	Exp(B) OR	95% CI for EXP (B)
Type of variables	B	S.E.	Wald	df	Sig.	Exp(B) OR	Lower	Upper
Variables in the equation (TLC, differential count, and age)
TLC	0.306	0.127	5.754	1	0.016	1.358	1.058	1.743
Absolute neutrophiles	-0.062	0.129	0.234	1	0.629	0.940	0.730	1.210
Absolute lymphocytes	-0.481	0.455	1.118	1	0.290	0.618	0.254	1.507
N/L ratio	0.086	0.068	1.570	1	0.210	1.089	0.953	1.246
Absolute eosinophiles	1.727	1.288	1.797	1	0.180	5.625	0.450	70.260
Absolute basophile	-13.656	10.046	1.848	1	0.174	0.000	0.000	417.342
Age	-0.003	0.013	0.040	1	0.842	0.998	0.973	1.022
Variables in the equation (ferritin, CRP, ESR, and age)
Ferritin	0.000	0.000	1.866	1	0.172	1.000	1.000	1.000
CRP	0.150	0.034	19.975	1	0.000	1.162	1.088	1.241
ESR	0.019	0.011	2.868	1	0.090	1.019	0.997	1.041
age	-0.008	0.020	0.183	1	0.669	0.992	0.954	1.030
Variables in the equation (ferritin, CRP, ESR, N-L ratio_A, and age)
Ferritin	0.000	0.000	1.900	1	0.168	1.000	1.000	1.000
CRP	0.135	0.036	13.860	1	0.000	1.144	1.066	1.228
ESR	0.021	0.012	3.263	1	0.071	1.021	0.998	1.045
N/Lratio_A	0.097	0.041	5.596	1	0.018	1.102	1.017	1.194
Age	0.017	0.020	0.682	1	0.409	0.983	0.945	1.023
Constant	-5.269	1.198	19.335	1	0.000	0.005	#x00A0;	#x00A0;
B: Represents the unstandardized regression weight, SE: standard error, df: degree of freedom, Wald: Wald Chi-squared test, Sig.: significant, Exp(B): exponentiation of the B coefficient, OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, TLC: total leukocyte count, N/L: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, CRP: C-reactive protein, ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate