Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
- Data collection pathway. *Inclusion criteria: I) King Khaled University Hospital (KKUH) patients who were admitted for primary treatment of MI as inpatients; II) admission between January 2015 to January 2020. **Exclusion criteria: I) patients who had a confirmed pervious diagnosis of AF before the development of MI; II) patients who died at presentation. ICD: International Classification of Diseases, MI: myocardial infarction. ER: Emergency room, PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention, AF: atrial fibrillation
Tables
Variables Development of NOAF 95% CI n (%) Yes Total P-value OR Lower Upper Age at visit (binned) 56+ 146 (56.4) 19 (86.4) 165 (58.7) 0.01 5.756 1.507 21.99 Gender Male 213 (82.2) 19 (86.4) 232 (82.6) 0.45 1.687 0.431 6.601 Body mass index >30 80 (30.9) 7 (31.8) 87 (31.0) 0.46 0.684 0.251 1.867 Smoking status Smoker 98 (37.8) 8 (36.4) 106 (37.7) 0.75 1.169 0.444 3.079 Hypertension Yes 144 (55.6) 16 (72.7) 160 (56.9) 0.218 1.983 0.667 5.89 Diabetes Yes 163 (62.9) 13 (59.1) 176 (62.6) 0.059 0.346 0.115 1.042 Type of MI STEMI 163 (62.9) 10 (45.5) 173 (61.6) 0.23 0.575 0.231 1.430 NSTEMI 96 (37.1) 12 (54.5) 108 (38.4) Presentation timing Late 57 (22.0) 5 (22.7) 62 (22.1) 0.72 1.220 0.410 3.635 Presenting heart rate >100 45 (17.4) 3 (13.6) 48 (17.1) 0.78 1.208 0.320 4.563 Follow-up outcome and complications Developed complications 104 (40.2) 11 (50.0) 115 (40.9) 0.40 0.673 0.267 1.695 Mortality Died during hospitalizing or follow-up 17 (6.6) 5 (22.7) 22 (7.8) 0.031 4.629 1.152 18.593 Values are presented as number and percentage (%). OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, NOAF: new-onset atrial fibrillation, MI: myocardial infarction, STEMI: ST elevation myocardial infarction, NSTEMI: non-ST elevation myocardial infarction
Variables Development of NOAF 95% CI No Yes P-value Lower Upper Full sample Age at visit 58.1±13.0 66.6±12.0 0.002 -13.98 -3.07 BMI 27.9±4.6 27.6±4.4 0.769 -1.70 2.30 Presenting heart rate 84.6±19.0 86.1±20.0 0.715 -10.08 6.92 Presenting systolic blood pressure 137.1±25.0 138.1±25.0 0.846 -11.96 9.81 Presenting diastolic blood pressure 79.1±15.0 80.3±18.0 0.728 -7.84 5.48 B-type natriuretic peptide 2497.0±4122.0 6286.3±8333.8 0.046 -7514.07 -64.57 Troponin I 9686.9±15788.6 8288.0±15494.3 0.690 -5495.60 8293.58 Creatinine 105.8±81.9 172.3±215.2 0.164 -162.42 29.34 Sodium 135.5±11.3 135.9±3.6 0.875 -5.16 4.40 Potassium 4.3±0.6 4.4±0.7 0.481 -0.38 0.18 Urea 6.5±4.4 10.1±7.8 0.047 -7.00 -0.05 Follow-up sample Heart rate at 6 months follow-up 72.0±13.0 73.0±14.0 0.926 -7.64 6.95 Systolic blood pressure at 6 months follow-up 130.0±21.0 127.0±21.0 0.669 -9.63 14.95 Diastolic blood pressure at 6 months follow-up 72.0±12.0 67.0±12.0 0.217 -2.55 11.14 Heart rate at 12 months follow-up 72.0±15.0 76.0±17.0 0.445 -12.80 5.65 Systolic blood pressure at 12 months follow-up 130.0±21.0 130.0±16.0 0.964 -12.93 12.36 Diastolic blood pressure at 12 months follow-up 72.0±13.0 69.0±14.0 0.431 -4.75 11.06 Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, NOAF: new-onset atrial fibrillation, BMI: body mass index
- Table 3
- Logistic regression analysis for demographics, baseline clinical admission data, biomarkers, electrolytes at presentation.
Variables OR 95% CI P-value Lower Upper Age at visit 1.088 1.028 1.152 0.004 Gender (male) 1.458 0.289 7.365 0.648 Smoking status (smoker) 2.331 0.658 8.255 0.190 Type of MI (STEMI) 0.433 0.119 1.573 0.204 Presentation (late) 1.666 0.446 6.216 0.448 Killip class (overall Killip class effect with Class 4 as the reference category) 0.454 Killip class 1 5.733 0.304 108.138 0.244 Killip class 2 7.407 0.398 137.746 0.179 Killip class 3 1.576 0.043 57.894 0.805 Presenting heart rate 1.005 0.976 1.034 0.742 Presenting systolic blood pressure 0.978 0.950 1.007 0.136 Presenting diastolic blood pressure 1.039 0.995 1.085 0.087 Brain natriuretic peptide 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.137 Troponin I 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.748 Creatinine 1.000 0.994 1.007 0.974 Sodium 1.011 0.957 1.068 0.694 Potassium 1.064 0.456 2.480 0.886 Urea 1.023 0.895 1.169 0.744 Treatment given (overall treatment given effect with PCI as the reference category) 0.039 CABG 7.950 1.473 42.897 0.016 Medical treatment 0.753 0.116 4.891 0.767 Major adverse cardiac event (MACE) during PCI 12.145 1.133 130.220 0.039 OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, NOAF: new-onset atrial fibrillation, MI: myocardial infarction, STEMI: ST elevation myocardial infarction, CABG: coronary artery bypass graft surgery
- Table 4
- Logistic regression analysis for demographics, baseline clinical admission data, biomarkers, electrolytes at presentation and follow-up data.
Variables OR 95% CI P-value Lower Upper Age at visit 1.083 1.009 1.164 0.028 Gender (male) 1.165 0.208 6.527 0.862 Smoking status (smoker) 1.984 0.209 18.808 0.551 Type of MI (STEMI) 0.432 0.101 1.852 0.258 Presenting heart rate 1.006 0.966 1.047 0.787 Presenting systolic blood pressure 0.975 0.937 1.013 0.192 Presenting diastolic blood pressure 1.035 0.974 1.101 0.267 NT-pro-brain natriuretic peptide 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.968 Troponin I 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.456 Creatinine 0.989 0.965 1.014 0.392 Sodium 1.020 0.915 1.137 0.726 Potassium 0.910 0.315 2.631 0.862 Urea 1.069 0.807 1.417 0.640 Heart rate at 6 months follow-up 0.998 0.932 1.069 0.956 Systolic blood pressure at 6 months follow-up 0.989 0.938 1.043 0.685 Diastolic blood pressure at 6 months follow-up 0.990 0.907 1.080 0.817 Heart rate at 12 months follow-up 1.013 0.956 1.074 0.654 Systolic blood pressure at 12 months follow-up 1.014 0.968 1.062 0.562 Diastolic blood pressure at 12 months follow-up 0.989 0.920 1.062 0.751 OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, NOAF: new-onset atrial fibrillation, MI: myocardial infarction, STEMI: ST elevation myocardial infarction
- Table 5
- Logistic regression analysis using backward stepwise elimination for comorbidities, complications, and medications administered.
Variables OR 95% CI P-value Lower Upper Prior MI 4.040 1.359 12.011 0.012 Clopidogrel 0.332 0.117 0.942 0.038 Oral hypoglycaemic 0.266 0.078 0.913 0.035 Unfractionated heparin 5.014 1.606 15.659 0.006 Ticagrelor 0.297 0.096 0.919 0.035 Low molecular weight heparin 3.268 1.101 9.707 0.033 Ventricular tachycardia 12.297 2.941 51.418 0.001 Constant 0.057 0.000 The overall model was statistically significant (χ2=27.713, p<0.05). OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, MI: myocardial infarction
