Clinical characteristics and outcomes among patients with COVID-19: A single-center retrospective observational study from Marj, Libya

Aimen M. Khalifa; Fatimah A. Nouh; Farag A. Elshaari

doi:10.15537/smj.2022.43.9.20220343

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Figure 1
- Flow chart representing the selection steps of patients included in the study.

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Table 1

- The proportion of gender, types of symptoms, type of diagnostic procedure, and case outcome.

Factors	n	%
Gender
Male	64	68.1
Female	30	31.9
Symptoms
Dyspnea	94	100
Fever	84	89.4
Cough	78	83
Fatigue	54	57
GIT symptoms	26	27.7
Chronic diseases
Diabetes mellitus	59	62.8
Hypertension	53	56.4
Cardiovascular diseases	41	43.6
Renal disease	11	11.7
Lung disease	7	7.4
Thyroid disease	2	2.1
Diagnosis
Clinical diagnosis	94	100
CT chest	82	87.2
PCR	69	73.4
Immunologically	54	57.4
ICU admission	56	59.6
Deceased patients	58	61.7
Discharged patients	36	38.3

Values are presented as number and percentage (%). PCR: polymerase chain reaction, CT: computed tomography, ICU: intensive are unit, GIT: gastrointestinal tract

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Table 2

- Distribution of gender, age, comorbidity and their level of association with COVID-19 outcome.

Characteristics	Total patients		Non-survivors	Survivors	P-values
Characteristics	n=94 (100%)		n=58 (61.7%)	n=36 (38.3%)
Gender
Male		64 (68.1)	41 (64.1)	23 (53.9)	0.49
Female		30 (31.9)	17 (56.7)	13 (43.3)	0.49
Age
≤55		21 (22.3)	6 (28.6)	15(71.4)	0.001
>55		73 (77.7)	52 (71.2)	21 (28.8)	0.001
Age (mean and SD)			72±12	61±12	0.001
Interval between symptoms and hospitalization			7.5±2.9	8.3±3.9	0.236
ICU admission
Yes	57 (60.6)		51(90)	6(10.0)
No	37 (39.4)		7(19)	30(81.0)
Smoking
Yes	7 (7.4)		4 (57.1)	3 (42.9)	0.795
No	87 (92.6)		54 (62.1)	33 (37.9)	0.795
Diabetes mellitus
Yes	59 (62.8)		38 (64.4)	21 (35.6)	0.484
No	35 (37.2)		20 (57.1)	15 (42.9)	0.484
Hypertension
Yes	53 (56.4)		34 (64.2)	19 (35.8)	0.579
No	41 (43.6)		24 (58.5)	17 (41.5)	0.579
CVD
Yes	41 (43.6)		29 (70.7)	12 (29.3)	0.113
No	53 (56.4)		29 (54.7)	24 (45.3)	0.113
Lung disease
Yes	7 (7.4)		3 (42.9)	4 (57.1)	0.286
No	87 (92.6)		55 (63.2)	32 (36.8)	0.286
Renal disease
Yes	11 (11.7)		7 (63.6)	4 (36.4)	0.888
No	83 (88.3)		51 (61.4)	32 (38.6)	0.888
CVA
Yes	13 (13.8)		10 (76.9)	3 (23.1)	0.224
No	81 (86.2)		48 (59.3)	33 (40.7)	0.224
Comorbidity
No comorbidity	15 (16.0)		8 (53.3)	7 (46.7)	0.661
1 comorbidity	21 (22.3)		12 (57.1)	9 (42.9)
>1 comorbidity	58 (61.7)		38 (65.5)	20 (34.5)

ICU: intensive care unit, CVD: cardiovascular disease, CVA: cerebrovascular accident

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Table 3

- Laboratory investigations and their level of association with coronovirus diseases-19 outcome.

Laboratory characteristics		Total patients	ICU admission	Non-survivors	Survivors	P-value
Laboratory characteristics		n=94 (100)	n=57 (60.6)	n=58 (61.7)	n=36 (38.3)	P-value
White blood cells (WBC) (mean±SD)				11.9±6.5	10.8±4.1	0.372
	<4	7 (7.4)	5 (71.4)	6 (85.7)	1 (14.3)
White blood cells	4-11	43 (45.7)	26 (60.4)	23 (53.5)	20 (46.5)
	>11	44 (46.8)	26 (59)	29 (65.9)	15 (34.1)
Hemoglobin (HB) (mean +/-SD)			12.3±2	12.5±2	12.4±2	0.995
Platelet (mean +/-SD)			230±100	217±110	242±75	0.229
Eythrocyte sedimentation rate (mean +/-SD) mm/hr.			95±34	93±33	86±27	0.295
Creactive protein (mean +/-SD) mg/l			177±128	181±128	124±80	0.021
D-dimer (mean +/-SD) ng/ml			3252±3134	3319±3104	1564±2322	0.04
Serum Ferritin (mean +/-SD) ng/ml			1494±1472	1471±1470	935±573	0.039
Lactate dehydrogenase (mean +/-SD) U/L			648±407	645±404	408±187	0.01
B.Glucose (mean +/-)SD mg/dl			212±104	228±107	192±97	0.1
HBA1C (mean +/-SD) %			7.2±1.8	7.5±1.8	7.4±2	0.94
UREA (mean +/-SD) mg/dl			71±42	69±40	60±64	0.363
Creatinine (mean +/-SD) mg/dl			1.7±1.5	1.6±1.4	1.3±1.1	0.289
Alanine aminotransferase (mean +/-SD) U/L			47.3±30	43±27	40±24	0.648
Aspartate aminotransferase (mean +/-SD) U/L			56±50	51±46	45±36	0.495

Values are presented as number and percentages (%).

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Table 4

- Clinical symptoms and their level of association with coronovirus diseases-19 outcome.

Clinical symptoms	Total patients	ICU admitted	Non-survivors	Survivors	P-value
Clinical symptoms	n=94 (100%)	n=56 (59.6%)	n=58 (61.7%)	n=36 (38.3%)	P-value
Fever
yes	84 (89.4)	49 (58.3)	49 (58.3)	35 (41.7)	0.051
no	10 (10.6)	8 (80)	9 (90.0)	1 (10)	0.051
Cough
yes	78 (83)	46 (59)	45 (57.7)	33 (42.3)	0.77
no	16 (17)	11 (68.8)	13 (81.3)	3 (13.7)	0.77
Fatigue
yes	54 (57.4)	28 (51.9)	28 (51.9)	26 (48.1)	0.22
no	40 (42.6)	29 (72.5)	30 (75.0)	10 (25)	0.22
GIT symptoms
yes	26 (27.7)	17 (65.4)	15 (57.7)	11 (42.3)	0.621
no	68 (72.7)	40 (58.8)	43 (63.2)	25 (36.8)	0.621