Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
- Flow Chart of the study procedures’ selection.
Tables
Study description Fluoroscopy time (minutes) n Mean±SD Median 25th percentile 75th percentile Range Minimum Maximum Arteriovenous dialysis interventions 455 12.73±15.48 7.55 3.58 16.98 134.63 0.05 134.68 Axial embolization 259 24.15±19.32 19.52 10.60 30.27 121.30 0.27 121.57 Central veins recanalization 46 39.67±40.83 18.06 8.73 60.15 161.43 1.25 162.68 Gastrostomy new insertion 1000 2.22±2.39 1.63 0.87 2.74 29.58 0.00 29.58 Hepatic artery mapping 148 22.76±16.20 18.88 11.25 29.65 80.33 0.03 80.37 IVC filter insertion 244 2.67±4.25 1.58 1.15 2.48 40.73 0.00 40.73 IVC filter removal 116 12.29±22.77 5.11 3.41 9.58 138.20 0.12 138.32 LE angiography/angioplasty 279 22.62±20.46 16.67 7.42 30.40 122.60 0.48 123.08 Lumbar puncture 264 0.44±0.81 0.22 0.10 0.37 6.07 0.00 6.07 Nephrostomy 276 5.09±5.44 3.51 2.08 6.31 44.37 0.08 44.45 Peritoneal dialysis catheter 69 5.56±5.06 4.02 2.22 7.78 29.75 0.03 29.78 PICC line insertion 2712 1.08±2.55 0.45 0.25 0.90 60.40 0.00 60.40 Post liver transplant interventions 25 19.79±14.44 18.87 9.25 27.78 47.13 1.60 48.73 PTC and biliary drainage 335 15.06±15.92 9.57 4.85 20.88 133.05 0.02 133.07 TACE 251 30.29±17.53 25.48 17.73 40.75 123.27 2.38 125.65 TARE 113 11.59±9.95 8.42 4.72 16.27 47.50 1.25 48.75 TIPSS-creation 49 69.41±37.82 62.42 41.25 83.38 182.62 14.00 152.00 TIPSS-revision 55 24.03±32.33 13.93 8.08 31.90 222.10 3.05 225.15 Tunneled catheter placement 2151 1.81±4.58 0.78 0.43 1.65 103.43 0.00 103.43 Uterine fibroid embolization 21 32.27±15.06 29.52 23.68 38.33 70.02 10.33 80.35 Varicocele embolization 19 27.89±13.17 23.40 17.62 36.30 50.60 8.23 58.83 Vertebroplasty 55 7.96±7.70 5.22 2.78 11.42 35.55 0.17 35.72 IVC: inferior vena cava, LE: extremity, PICC: peripherally inserted central catheter, PTC: percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, TACE: trans arterial chemoembolisation, TARE: Trans-arterial radio-embolization, TIPSS: transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, n: number, SD: standard deviation
Study description DAP (Gy.cm2) n Mean±SD Median 25th percentile 75th percentile Range Minimum Maximum Arteriovenous dialysis access 455 14.29±27.41 6.95 3.25 14.16 355.72 0.19 355.91 Axial embolization 259 324.65±348.60 183.48 77.36 459.17 1814.73 1.45 1816.18 Central veins recanalization 46 115.83±163.10 43.57 20.83 139.08 897.87 9.08 906.96 Gastrostomy new insertion 1000 4.64±7.85 2.48 1.13 5.04 131.55 0.03 131.58 Hepatic artery mapping 148 442.42±390.86 322.25 174.45 567.85 2416.84 0.02 2416.85 IVC filter insertion 244 23.05±39.09 12.29 7.61 23.85 358.36 0.29 358.65 IVC Filter removal 116 38.67±58.92 13.62 8.29 35.22 323.60 3.17 326.77 LE angiography/angioplasty 279 38.29±70.88 15.02 8.83 36.31 781.96 0.80 782.76 Lumbar puncture 264 3.21±10.87 0.49 0.13 1.78 107.65 0.02 79.01 Nephrostomy 276 20.59±35.02 9.73 4.67 21.66 372.73 0.06 372.79 Peritoneal dialysis catheter 69 40.49±49.94 21.83 11.03 54.80 244.63 0.23 244.86 PICC insertion 2712 2.15±10.64 0.79 0.40 1.63 339.36 0.01 339.37 Post liver transplant interventions 25 479.42±394.10 363.71 186.76 650.21 1354.24 88.94 1443.18 PTC & biliary drainage 335 69.48±86.85 38.72 16.81 79.33 542.53 0.01 542.54 TACE 251 500.63±346.02 415.73 235.96 675.51 1831.69 28.18 1859.88 TARE 113 194.17±213.48 107.56 67.82 255.21 1431.99 12.21 1444.19 TIPSS-creation 49 1161.16±840.93 1110.04 473.29 1463.84 3568.33 85.61 3653.94 TIPSS-revision 55 313.49±519.54 132.41 57.10 313.22 3160.12 13.47 3173.59 Tunneled catheter placement 2151 3.47±14.97 1.27 0.61 2.70 476.26 0.02 476.27 Uterine fibroid embolization 21 247.42±351.55 156.14 78.99 259.32 1655.47 37.17 1692.64 Varicocele embolization 19 90.06±76.83 66.22 31.13 124.88 277.09 15.52 292.61 Vertebroplasty 55 76.02±99.94 50.19 14.45 92.26 520.23 1.22 521.45 IVC: inferior vena cava, LE: extremity, PICC: peripherally inserted central catheter, PTC: percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, TACE: trans arterial chemoembolisation, TARE: Trans-arterial radio-embolization, TIPSS: transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, N: number, SD: standard deviation
- Table 3
- Reference point entrance dose for the analyzed vascualr and interventional procedures.
Study description Reference point entrance dose (air kerma) Gy n Mean±SD Median 25th percentile 75th percentile Range Minimum Maximum Arteriovenous dialysis access 455 0.08±0.25 0.03 0.01 0.07 3.51 0 3.5 Axial embolization 259 1.58±1.75 0.94 0.38 2.13 9.4 0.01 9.4 Central veins recanalization 46 0.75±0.98 0.26 0.13 0.95 3.72 0.03 3.8 Gastrostomy new insertion 1000 0.02±0.03 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.57 0 0.6 Hepatic artery mapping 148 1.87±1.83 1.43 0.65 2.42 14.57 0 15 IVC filter insertion 244 0.08±0.21 0.04 0.03 0.08 2.36 0 2.4 IVC filter removal 116 0.24±0.44 0.08 0.04 0.18 2.31 0.01 2.3 LE angiography/angioplasty 279 0.19±0.36 0.08 0.04 0.19 3.93 0 3.9 Lumbar puncture 264 0.03±0.08 0.01 0 0.02 0.86 0 0.9 Nephrostomy 276 0.12±0.2 0.06 0.03 0.14 1.84 0 1.8 Peritoneal dialysis catheter 69 0.18±0.21 0.1 0.04 0.25 1.09 0 1.1 PICC insertion 2712 0.01±0.06 0 0 0.01 2.36 0 2.4 Post liver transplant interventions 25 2.48±2.35 1.44 0.9 3.47 9.71 0.31 10 PTC & biliary drainage 335 0.45±0.63 0.2 0.08 0.5 4.65 0 4.7 TACE 251 2.69±1.81 2.14 1.37 3.51 8.12 0.17 8.3 TARE 113 0.79±0.84 0.48 0.26 0.97 4.48 0.06 4.5 TIPSS-creation 49 4.99±3.95 4.49 2.3 6.66 19.86 0.59 20 TIPSS-revision 55 1.27±2.08 0.51 0.2 1.41 11.15 0.07 11 Tunneled catheter placement 2151 0.02±0.08 0.01 0 0.01 1.96 0 2 Uterine fibroid embolization 21 1.65±1.89 1.18 0.61 1.99 9 0.21 9.2 Varicocele embolization 19 0.48±0.41 0.39 0.14 0.71 1.52 0.07 1.6 Vertebroplasty 55 0.8±0.97 0.45 0.19 0.92 4.35 0 4.4 IVC: inferior vena cava, LE: extremity, PICC: peripherally inserted central catheter, PTC: percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, TACE: trans arterial chemoembolisation, TARE: Trans-arterial radio-embolization, TIPSS: transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, N: number, SD: standard deviation
Study description Peak skin dose, mGy (PSD=206+0.513*Ka,r (mGy)) n Mean±SD Median 25th percentile 75th percentile Range Minimum Maximum Arteriovenous dialysis access 455 249.29±129.87 221.98 213.18 242.99 1801.54 206.57 2008.11 Axial embolization 259 1015.89±898.36 687.26 400.71 1300.22 4821.79 208.81 5030.60 Central veins recanalization 46 588.70±505.09 336.95 272.48 692.83 1910.13 219.41 2129.53 Gastrostomy new insertion 1000 216.88±17.75 212.09 208.94 218.35 290.24 206.03 496.27 Hepatic artery mapping 148 1166.24±936.46 938.66 539.69 1446.30 7476.71 206.06 7682.77 IVC filter insertion 244 249.25±109.31 224.93 218.83 245.95 1208.56 206.65 1415.21 IVC filter removal 116 327.78±224.23 247.98 225.08 300.59 1183.56 212.49 1396.05 LE angiography/angioplasty 279 305.59±184.04 247.38 227.23 304.75 2016.53 207.84 2224.37 Lumbar puncture 264 219.94±43.13 208.74 206.66 216.35 440.65 206.03 646.68 Nephrostomy 276 269.85±103.13 235.07 220.04 277.30 942.53 206.13 1148.67 Peritoneal dialysis catheter 69 296.35±108.57 258.01 228.43 332.00 559.14 206.29 765.42 PICC insertion 2712 210.27±30.19 207.29 206.68 208.77 1209.19 206.02 1415.21 Post liver transplant interventions 25 1480.66±1204.36 942.30 670.16 1984.39 4982.71 364.17 5346.88 PTC and biliary drainage 335 436.53±321.27 310.80 245.20 462.90 2387.15 206.03 2593.18 TACE 251 1588.29±928.98 1302.68 911.02 2005.58 4165.06 291.64 4456.70 TARE 113 609.01±430.09 451.63 338.81 702.35 2296.20 235.01 2531.21 TIPSS-creation 49 2766.81±2024.54 2508.44 1385.41 3620.99 10186.09 509.22 10695.31 TIPSS-revision 55 858.23±1067.33 470.17 310.85 929.29 5720.40 242.75 5963.14 Tunneled catheter placement 2151 214.90±38.73 208.81 207.41 212.45 1004.54 206.03 1210.57 Uterine fibroid embolization 21 1054.61±970.29 809.97 519.93 1225.64 4618.18 314.64 4932.82 Varicocele embolization 19 450.89±208.87 408.27 277.97 569.99 781.70 240.40 1022.10 Vertebroplasty 55 616.82±496.87 434.62 303.34 676.23 2230.49 208.39 2438.88 IVC: inferior vena cava, LE: extremity, PICC: peripherally inserted central catheter, PTC: percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, TACE: trans arterial chemoembolisation, TARE: Trans-arterial radio-embolization, TIPSS: transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, N: number, SD: standard deviation
- Table 5
- Comparison of the radiation doses between the current study and the CIRD and RAD-IR studies.
Procedure Study n Time DAP Reference point air kerma Mean±SD P-values Mean±SD P-values Mean±SD P-values TIPSS-creation Current study 49 69.41±37.82 1161.20±840.90 4.99±3.95 CIRD 120 49.10±16.00 0.0006 429.20±244.80 <0.0001 2.00±1.42 <0.0001 RAD-IR 135 38.70±27.27 <0.0001 335.40±264.60 <0.0001 2.04±1.65 <0.0001 TACE Current study 251 30.29±17.53 500.60±346.00 2.69±1.81 CIRD 395 18.80±12.50 <0.0001 354.60±78.60 <0.0001 1.75±0.44 <0.0001 RAD-IR 126 16.80±12.03 <0.0001 282.30±171.40 <0.0001 1.41±1.09 <0.0001 PTC/biliary drainage Current study 335 15.06±15.92 69.48±86.85 0.45±0.63 CIRD 101 11.50±7.10 0.0016 17.30±13.20 <0.0001 0.18±0.07 <0.0001 RAD-IR 123 23.60±20.94 <0.0001 70.64±68.86 0.8818 0.91±1.00 <0.0001 Nephrostomy Current study 276 5.09±5.44 20.59±35.02 0.12±0.20 CIRD 778 10.40±18.10 <0.0001 15.20±13.15 <0.0001 0.13±1.41 <0.0001 RAD-IR 143 13.68±12.04 <0.0001 34.32±51.60 0.0047 0.42±0.71 <0.0001 IVC filter placement Current study 244 2.67±4.25 23.05±39.09 0.08±0.21 CIRD 278 3.80±17.80 0.306 36.80±29.30 <0.0001 0.14±1.65 0.5781 RAD-IR 279 2.80±2.56 0.6779 44.51±31.62 <0.0001 0.17±0.13 <0.0001 PICC Current study 2712 1.08±2.55 2.15±10.64 0.01±0.06 CIRD 755 2.00±26.40 0.3374 1.80±3.10 0.1377 0.01±0.19 0.9640 Tunneled catheters Current study 2151 0.02±0.08 3.47±14.97 0.02±0.08 CIRD 304 0.02±0.96 0.9616 4.20±3.40 0.0543 0.02±0.96 0.9616 Gastrostomy Current study 1000 2.28±2.39 4.64±7.85 0.02±0.03 CIRD 1006 7.00±17.50 <0.0001 6.60±27.60 0.0308 0.03±0.37 0.2716 Embolization Current study 259 24.15±19.32 324.65±348.60 1.57±1.75 CIRD 188 25.30±11.40 0.4327 298.50±29.10 <0.0001 1.62±0.38 <0.0001 DAP: dose area product, IVC: inferior vena cava, PICC: peripherally inserted central catheter, PTC: percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, TACE: trans arterial chemoembolisation, TIPSS: transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, CIRD: Contemporary Interventional Radiology Dosimetry, RAD-IR: radiation doses in interventional radiology procedure N: number, SD: standard deviation
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