Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
- Cardiovascular disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevalence in Saudi Arabia, stratified by care setting. Differences between care settings were not compared statistically.
- Figure 2
- Glucose-lowering agents with established cardiovascular benefit: use in Saudi Arabia. *Liraglutide, semaglutide, and dulaglutide. **Empagliflozin, canagliflozin, and dapagliflozin. CV: cardiovascular, GLP-1 RA: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, SGLT2i: sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor
Differences between care settings were not compared statistically. ASCVD: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, CVD: cardiovascular disease
Tables
Characteristics Study population (N=883) Care setting Primary care (n=566) Secondary care (n=317) n Data n Data n Data Female 883 404 (45.8) 566 219 (38.7) 317 185 (58.4) Age, years 883 58 [50-65] 566 60 [53-66] 317 54 [48-62] Diabetes duration, years 880 10.0 [5.0-17.0] 563 11.7 [5.1-20.0] 317 8.3 [4.5-12.8] HbA1c, % 876 8.0 [7.1-9.0] 559 7.8 [6.8-9.1] 317 8.4 [7.8-9.0] HbA1c, mmol/mol 876 64 [54-75] 559 62 [51-76] 317 68 [62-75] BMI, kg/m2 881 29.1 [26.5-32.9] 564 30.2 [26.5-34.3] 317 27.9 [26.5-30.0] Systolic blood pressure, mmHg 882 132 [122-143] 565 134 [123-145] 317 130 [122-140] Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg 882 76 [69-80] 565 75 [69-80] 317 76 [69-82] Hypertension 876 486 (55.5) 560 382 (68.2) 316 104 (32.9) Familial hypercholesterolemia 552 112 (20.3) 294 90 (30.6) 258 22 (8.5) eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 814 497 317 >89 318 (39.1) 222 (44.7) 96 (30.3) >59-89 430 (52.8) 223 (44.9) 207 (65.3) >29-59 60 (7.4) 48 (9.7) 12 (3.8) ≤29 6 (0.7) 4 (0.8) 2 (0.6) Albuminuria 668 474 194 Normal to mildly increased 470 (70.4) 340 (71.7) 130 (67.0) Microalbuminuria 157 (23.5) 93 (19.6) 64 (33.0) Macroalbuminuria 41 (6.1) 41 (8.6) - Retinopathy 883 566 317 Yes 123 (13.9) 106 (18.7) 17 (5.4) Yes (referred by patient) 11 (1.2) 10 (1.8) 1 (0.3) No 749 (84.8) 450 (79.5) 299 (94.3) Nephropathy 883 566 317 Yes 91 (10.3) 85 (15.0) 6 (1.9) Yes (referred by patient) 24 (2.7) 23 (4.1) 1 (0.3) No 768 (87.0) 458 (80.9) 310 (97.8) Neuropathy 883 566 317 Yes 106 (12.0) 88 (15.5) 18 (5.7) Yes (referred by patient) 24 (2.7) 24 (4.2) - No 753 (85.3) 454 (80.2) 299 (94.3) Smoking 883 566 317 Current smoker 78 (8.8) 63 (11.1) 15 (4.7) Previous smoker 91 (10.3) 25 (4.4) 66 (20.8) Never smoker 714 (80.9) 478 (84.5) 236 (74.4) Physical activity, days/week* 486 284 202 0-1 231 (47.5) 185 (65.1) 46 (22.8) 2-3 144 (29.6) 48 (16.9) 96 (47.5) 4-5 76 (15.6) 20 (7.0) 56 (27.7) 6-7 35 (7.2) 31 (10.9) 4 (2.0) Values are presented as numbers and precentages (%) or median interquartile range [IQR]. Differences between the care settings of primary and secondary were not compared statistically.
BMI: body mass index, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtrate rate, HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin
↵* Number of days in the last week with a minimum of 30 minutes of moderate activity.
Sites IEC/IRB names Alhada Armed Forces Hospital Research & Ethics Committee of Armed Forces Hospital, Western Region King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University King Saud University Medical City IRB Specialized Medical Centre Hospital Specialized Medical Center Hospital IRB King Abdulaziz University Hospital King Abdulaziz University Hospital IRB King Abdulaziz Hospital for National Guard King Abdullah International Medical Research Center Diabetes and Endocrinology Center-Buraidah King Fahd Medical City IRB Dallah Hospital King Saud University Medical City IRB IEC: Independent Ethics Committee, IRB: Institutional Review Board
Cardiovascular disease Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases Subtypes Diagnoses used Further optional details Cerebrovascular disease* Ischaemic stroke N/A Haemorrhagic stroke Stroke, unspecified Transient ischaemic attack Carotid artery disease* N/A N/A Coronary heart disease* Myocardial infarction N/A Stable coronary artery disease Also known as angina pectoris Other ischaemic heart disease N/A Past revascularisation procedure N/A Peripheral artery disease* Asymptomatic peripheral artery disease Low ankle-branchial index (<0.90) or pulse abolition Claudication N/A Limb ischaemia N/A Non-traumatic amputation N/A Heart failure Symptomatic NYHA group II-IV or unknown, LVEF ≥50%, LVEF 40-49%, LVEF <40% or LVEF unknown Asymptomatic NYHA group I, LVEF ≥50%, LVEF 40-49%, LVEF <40%, or LVEF unknown Hospitalisation due to heart failure N/A Cardiac arrhythmia Atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter N/A Supraventricular tachycardia Ventricular tachycardia Ventricular fibrillation Bradyarrhythmia, sinus node dysfunction Bradyarrhythmia, atrioventricular block Aortic disease Aortic dissection N/A Aortic aneurysm Thromboembolic aortic disease From original Table S1 from Mosenzon et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; doi: 10.1186/s12933-021-01344-0, under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0; Copyright © 2021, The Author(s).”
↵* Cardiovascular disease was categorized as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, when a patient had one of these four diagnoses. LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction, N/A: non-applicable, NYHA: New York Heart Association functional classification.
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- Article
- Abstract
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- Acknowledgment
- Appendix 1 - List of independent Ethics Committees/Institutional Review Boards.
- Appendix 2 - Definition of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular disease subtypes in the CAPTURE study.
- Appendix 3 - Prevalence of cardiovascular disease subtypes among CAPTURE study participants in Saudi Arabia by care setting.
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