Smartphone addiction and its association with hypertension and quality of sleep among medical students of Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia

Article Figures & Data

Table 1

- Comparison of study parameters between male and female students.

Parameters	Total (N=200)	Male (n=118)	Female (n=82)	P-value
Age	22.90±1.96	22.91±1.8	22.89±2.07
BMI (kg/m²)	25.09±2.79	24.50±2.04	24.31±2.61	0.069
18-24.5	88 (44)	50(42.37)	38(46.34)
25-29.5	81(40.5)	54(45.76)	27(32.92)
Above 30	31(15.5)	14(11.86)	17(20.73)
Systolic BP mmHg	131.34±8.43	132.52±7.98	129.63±8.81	0.003
Diastolic BP mm Hg	81.68±7.12	82.67±7.02	80.24±7.06	<0.001
Sleep quality				0.021
Good	125 (62.5)	66 (55.9)	59 (72.0)
Poor	75 (37.5)	52 (44.1)	23 (28.0)
Smartphone addiction				0.176
Present	72 (36.0)	47 (39.8)	25 (30.5)
Absent	128 (64.0)	71 (60.5)	57 (69.5)

Values are shown as mean ± SD or number (percentage) where appropriate. P-values were calculated using Chi-square test. BMI: body mass index, BP: blood pressure

Table 2

- Factors associated with smartphone addiction -Univariate analysis (N=200).

Factor	Total	SA present n=72	SA absent n=128	P-value
Gender				0.176
Male	118 (59.0)	47 (39.8)	71 (60.16)
Female	82 (41.0)	25 (30.5)	57 (69.5)
BMI				0.019
Normal	88 (44.0)	17 (19.3)	71 (80.6)
Over weight	81 (40.5)	39 (48.1)	42 (51.9)
Obese	31 (15.5)	16 (51.6)	15 (48.4)
Hypertension				0.026
Yes	71 (35.5)	41 (57.7)	30 (42.3)
No	129 (64.5)	31 (24.0)	98 (76.0)
Sleep quality				<0.001
Good	125 (62.5)	26 (20.8)	99 (79.2)
Poor	75 (37.5)	46 (61.3)	29 (38.7)

Table 3

- Factors associated with hypertension - Univariate analysis (N=200).

Factor	Total	Hypertension present n=71 (35.5)	Hypertension absent n=129 (64.5)	P-values
Gender				0.067
Male	118(59)	50(42.37)	68(57.62)
Female	82(41)	21(25.60)	61(74.39)
BMI				0.008
Normal weight	88(44)	14(15.9)	74(84.09)
Over weight	81(40.5)	43(53.08)	38(46.91)
Obese	31(15.5)	14 (45.16)	17 (54.83)
Sleep quality				< 0.001
Good	125(62.5)	25(20)	100(80)
poor	75(37.5)	46(61.33)	29(38.66)
Smartphone				0.026
Present	72(36)	41(56.94)	31(43.05)
Absent	128(64)	30(23.43)	98(76.56)

Table 4

- Analysis of factors associated with hypertension by Multivariate logistic regression.

Variables	B	SE	OR (95% confidence intervals)	P-values
Gender
Male	-.635	0.370	0.530(0.257-1.09)	0.086
Female			Ref
Body mass index (BMI)
<25 kg/m²			Ref
>25 kg/m² (Over weight)	1.33	0.399	3.80(1.74-8.30)	<0.001
>30 kg/m² (Obese)	1.10	0.521	3.03(1.09-8.42)	0.033
Smartphone addiction
Yes	0.753	0.367	2.12(1.034 -4.36)	0.040
No			Ref
Sleep quality
Poor	1.266	0.364	3.54(1.73-7.22)	<0.001
Good			Ref