Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
- Overview of metabolic syndrome.
- Figure 2
- Epidemiology of metabolic syndrome in Saudi Arabia.
- Figure 3
- Mechanisms resulting in the clinical signs of metabolic syndrome.
Tables
Origin Compound Mechanism References Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Carotenoids and phenolics Anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, inhibited lipid peroxidation, cardioprotective effect 86,88–90,92,93 Olive oil (Oleaeuropaea L.) Oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol Inhibit lipid and cholesterol breakdown, control obesity, possess oxidative action 68,69,71 Honey (Apismellifera) Flavonoids, phenolic acids, and phenolic acid derivatives Anti-obesity effects, reduce cardiovascular risk factors, decline in blood glucose levels 96,98,137 Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Phenolic compounds, 3-deoxyanthocyanidins 3-DXA & tannins Anti-hyperglycemic, prevent CVD, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory, control obesity 99–102 Barley (Hordeumvulgare) Whole Grain (Fiber/Vitamin B) Improve digestion and appetite, control obesity, blood triglycerides, anti-hyperglycemic 119,120 Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Curcumin Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, prevent cancer, reduce heart disease risk, control obesity, anti-hyperglycemic 103–105 Garlic (Allium sativum) Garlicin Anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidative and anti-platelet, total cholesterol and triglyceride, anti-inflammatory properties 128–130 Cinnamon (Cinnamomumverum) Inner bark (peel)- polyphenols and flavonoids Anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory properties, anti-thrombotic, lipid-lowering properties, anti-cancer effects, control BP 106,107 Barberry/Rhizomacoptidis (Berberis vulgaris) Berberine Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-bacterial, prevent CVD, control lipoproteins and triglycerides levels, control systolic BP, lowering cholesterol level 138–140 Green tea (Camellia sinensis) Catechins, L-theanine, and caffeine Anti-diabetic and antioxidant, degrade lipoproteins, prevent CVD, anti-obesity and effective on MetS 81–83 Fish (Atlantic mackerel, Atlantic Salmon), Rice (Oryza sativa), Flaxseed (Linumusitatissimum) Omega-3 fatty acid (Docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) Effective on MetS, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, prevent CVD, reduce triglycerides, lower BP 72–74 DXA: deoxyanthocyanidins, CVD: cardio vascular disease, Bp: blood pressure
